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Dr. Eitan YudilevichExecutive Director
Supporting Technologies for the Hydrogen Economy
The BIRD Foundation:
IEA/IPHE WorkshopParis, FranceJuly 11, 2007
7/6/2007
To stimulate, promote and support joint industrial R&D of
mutual benefit to Israel and the United States
Mission
2
Partnering
1977-2007
for Progress
7/6/2007
The BIRD Model
3
7/6/2007
BIRD – Performance Summary
~$240M granted during 30 years
743 projects approved
~$80M repayments (royalties from sales)
More than $4B in sales, generated by BIRD sponsored projects
Billions more in sales, indirectly generated by BIRD sponsored activities
4
7/6/2007
Examples of Projects
5
Partnering
1977-2007
for Progress
7/6/2007
Electro-optics
Opgal Optronic Ind. Ltd. is a leading supplier of highly sensitive cooled and uncooled Thermal Imaging Systems, infrared cameras engines for industrial, R&D, defense, security and paramilitary applications.
Kollsman, Inc. is a leading manufacturer of avionics and electro-optic systems supplying to commercial and military markets as well as a medical instruments systems contractor
EVSView
Project title: Aircraft Enhanced Vision System (EVS)
EYEview
Joint development product: The EVS camera is designed to provide day/night improved orientation. It allows visual landing in reduced visibility conditions, such as fog, haze, dust, smog etc. The system provides a fused, visual and near-IR picture, and displays a video image, superimposed on the pilot's Field-Of-View.
Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain6
7/6/2007
Life Sciences
ACMI (American Cystoscope Makers, Inc.; Now: Gyrus ACMI), founded in 1908 is a leader in the development and production of the world’s finest endoscopy instrumentation for the medical industry.
CByond specialized in designing video-scopes for medical applications.
Joint development product:Flexible endoscope with integrated miniature video camera and LED as a light source.
Project title:
Fox Electronic Video Camera
Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain7
7/6/2007
Renewable Energy/Environment
Algatechnologies Ltd. is a biotechnology company based in the Arava desert, with expertise in algae growth. Its main present product: natural astaxanthin for human applications.
GreenFuel Technlogies, Inc. is a start-up company based in Massachusetts, which has patented technology to capture CO2, grow algae and produce high-energy biomass.
Project title: Emissions to BiofuelsTM
Joint development product: Deployment of 0.3 Acre pilot plant in Arizona
Slide Approved by Companies or Information is Public Domain8
7/6/2007
The Future
9
Partnering
1977-2007
for Progress
7/6/200710
The Future: Sustainable Development
Renewable Energy and Efficiency
Water
Environment
Enabling Technologies: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and others
7/6/2007
Israel and Renewable Energy
11
7/6/2007
Annual solar radiation rates in the Negev
2200-2400 kWh/m2/y
2100-2200 kWh/m2/y
7/6/2007Source: Dr. A. Arbib
7/6/2007
USUS--Israel Cooperation in Israel Cooperation in Alternative/Renewable EnergyAlternative/Renewable Energy
Israeli PM Ehud Olmert, in his speech before the US Congress, on May 24, 2006:
“Both our countries share a desire for energy security and prevention of global warming. Therefore, through the United States- Israel Energy Cooperation Act and other joint frameworks, in collaboration with our U.S. counterparts, Israel will increase its efforts to find advanced scientific and technological solutions designed to develop new energy sources and encourage conservation”
BIRD is uniquely posed to play a major role in this new area of
collaboration
7/6/2007
Examples of Hydrogen
Technologies (which could lead to BIRD projects)
15
Partnering
1977-2007
for Progress
7/6/200716
Hydrogen Technologies (Examples)
Solar Driven Hydrogen Production Research at the Weizmann Institute
Hydrogen based, low-cost and high-efficiency electrical energy storage from Tel Aviv University
Hydrogen from Algae (possibly derived from anexisting BIRD project)
17
www.birdf.com
Thank You!
18
Presentations of Specific Technologies
7/6/200719J. Karni - WIS
Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production Research at the
Weizmann Institute
7/6/200720J. Karni - WIS
20
The Weizmann Institute Solar Center
• Only such facility on academic campus; 3,600 m2 reflective area; 5 test levels
• Power level – 1 kW to 1 MW
• Ongoing Projects:High Temperature solar thermal
Thermal storage
Solar derived fuels
7/6/200721J. Karni - WIS
June-07 21
Specializes in Solar Concentration
References:Ries, H., Segal A. and Karni, J. Applied, Vol. 36, No. 13, pp. 2869-2874, 1997.Kribus, A., Zaibel, R., Carey, D., Segal, A., and Karni, J., Solar Energy 62, 121–129, 1998.
Large Scale Imaging and Non-Imaging Optics
7/6/200722J. Karni - WIS
Reforming of Methane
(a) CH4 + H2O → 3H2 + CO ∆H(298K)=206 kJ/mol
(b) CH4 + CO2 → 2H2 + 2CO ∆H(298K)=247
kJ/mol
• Syn-Gas – a high energy gaseous fuel can also be used to produce H2 or Methanol
• Reaction (b) can be reversed, recovering the input solar energy as heat when and where required
Equilibrium at p=1bar
7/6/200723J. Karni - WIS
Solar Reforming of Methane without a Catalyst
7/6/200724J. Karni - WIS
Optical System of the Test System
Heliostat
Sun
Heliostat(tracking the sun in 2 dimensions)
Secondary parabolicconcentrator
Solar receiver
Aperture
Solar towerSun
Heliostat(tracking the sun in 2 dimensions)
Secondary parabolicconcentrator
Solar receiver
Aperture
Solar tower
Venetian Blind
7/6/200725J. Karni - WIS
Particles Seeded Solar Reactors: • Reforming without a metal catalyst
• Non-Combustion Air heating to 2000K
Test data and a photo taken during experiment with a new solar receiver. Exit gas temperatures of about 2000 K are reached with both nitrogen and air. Similar values were also obtained with CO2
7/6/200726J. Karni - WIS
Dry Methane Reforming in Solar Particle Receiver Without Metal Catalyst
CO2/CH4 = 1:1
Mol fractions in the dried exhaust gas after the neutral gas (Argon) has been discounted.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500
Gas exit temperature (¡C)
mol
% in
exh
aust
(exc
ludi
ng A
rgon
)
HydrogenCOMethaneCarbon dioxideSteam
Over 90% yield is obtained at T > 1350°C
7/6/2007 27
Low-cost high-efficiency electrical energy storage for renewable energy
Prof. E. PeledEnStorage Corp. and
School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University
7/6/2007 28
The Hydrogen Tribromide (HTB) Energy Storage System (ESS)
• It is based on a novel, unique, high performance and low cost membrane (NP-PCM)
• This NP-PCM was developed at Tel Aviv University (TAU) in Israel and it is protected by patents.
7/6/2007 29
The Problem:• Today all electric power storage systems
are too expensive for load buffer, load leveling and for large solar and wind generators (in the multi MW range).
• The major problem is the cost of the chemicals used for the electric energy storage.
The Solution:• The EnStorage hydrogen - tribromide
Commercialization of large electric energy storage systems (ESS) based
on electrochemical cells
7/6/2007 30
Goals• The immediate goals are to develop and
characterize a 0.15 kW (0.45 kW peak) laboratory demonstrator of an advanced, low cost electric energy storage system (ESS) based on novel fuel-cell technology
• Long-term goals are to scale it up to multi MW systems, for load buffer (a fast response system), load leveling and for solar and wind energy storage.
• It will consist of an array of 50 kW regenerative fuel cell (RFC) stacks
7/6/2007 31
A Fuel Cell Stack
7/6/2007 32
EnStorage ESS system
Power Generation50kW to 1GW
Proprietary Membrane:3x higher power density
3x lower cost/kW
Energy Storage200kWh to 4GWh
lower cost chemicals3x lower cost/kWh
Hydrogen
Regenerative Fuel Cell
Bromine
Electric Power
Hydrogen
Regenerative Fuel Cell
aqueous hydrogen tribromide solution
Electric Power
Hydrogen
Regenerative Fuel Cell
Aqueous Hydrogen Bromide / Tribromide
solution
Electric Power
Hydrogen
Regenerative Fuel Cell(FC & Electrolizer)
Electric Power
7/6/2007 33
Experimental Cell Stack
Five 50 cm2 cells stack gives 50 W (150 W peak)
7/6/2007 34
Scaling Up Production (at IPRC) of NP-PCM - Continuous Coater (15m2/h)
33cm wide 2G NP-PCM(Enough for a 50kW stack)
7/6/2007 35
HTB
Source: Energy Storage Association
7/6/2007 36
Multi-MW system
• An array of several 1MW / 6MWh subsystems• Each subsystem consists of:
– Power generation: 20 stacks, 50 kW each.– Energy storage:
• 150m3 electrolyte tank • 20m3 Hydrogen tanks
– Footprint of about 100 m2.
7/6/2007 37
Summary• The EnStorage hydrogen tribromide ESS is
based on a low cost high performance membrane (NP-PCM) and on low cost energy storage chemicals.
• It is expected to be three time lower cost in comparison with other ESSs (it terms of $/kW and $/kWh).
• Thus it will be an enabling technology (when fully developed) for load buffer (fast response), load leveling and for solar and wind energy storage .
7/6/2007 38
Hydrogen from AlgaeHydrogen from Algae
7/6/2007 39
CARBON RECYCLINGCARBON RECYCLING
Algae can use low quality water and non-arable land; does not compete with resources
needed for food production
Photosynthesis - nature’s process for carbon management.
Algae is nature’s champion.
Algae is a single cell plant made up of lipids, starch and proteins. There are more than 17,000 species of algae.
7/6/2007 40
Emissions-to-Biofuels™ Technology
Patented Algal Biotechnology
Fuel Based On Algae
CO2 Emissions
Fuel production based on algae feed with captured CO2 from the emissions of fossil fuel combustion
7/6/2007 41
APS RED HAWK GEN 3 ReactorAPS RED HAWK GEN 3 ReactorAugust 2005 to November 2006August 2005 to November 2006
GEN3 – BioSolar Reactor
Algae selected and adapted to Arizona environment using
GreenFuel’s technology.
Growth rates at Red Hawk were the
highest ever recorded for flue gas
feed systems.
7/6/2007 42
GEN 3 RESULTS AT RED HAWK
• GreenFuel GEN3 Algae BioSolar Reactors and System
• 57 grams/m2-day - ash free (2X best prior record)
• Extrapolated 150 tons/acre-year CO2 absorption
• Algae biofuel characterization (dry):
9,970 btu/lb
Caloric Value
9.5%Ash
53.53%Volatile Matter
36.97%Carbon
5,000 gallons/acre-year
Ethanol
6,000 gallons/acre-year
Biodiesel
7/6/2007 43
Carbon Capture Rates
NewEngland(Zone C)
Arizona(Zone A)
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Forestsequestration
GreenFuelmitigation
Tons
CO
2 re
mov
ed /
year
/ ac
re
7/6/2007 44
APS Algae Farm GEN 5
GreenFuel GEN 5 System
Projected Improved productivity per acre over GEN3 with lower cost and energy consumption per acre.
Performance testing now.
7/6/2007 45
GreenFuel Pilot at APS Redhawk
7/6/2007 46
Hydrogen From Algae
• Algae gasification to produce H2 is based on existing technologies
• Carbon rich co-product – flexible feedstock
• Impurities and contamination minimized
• Comparable in cost with steam methane reforming of CH4