Prison Gangs In The 21st Century Power Point

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Prison Gangs in the 21st CenturyPrison Gangs in the 21st Century

ByBy

Ridha Ben HammoudaRidha Ben Hammouda

Everest University-South CampusEverest University-South Campus

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Prison Gangs in the 21Prison Gangs in the 21stst Century Century

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Prison Gangs in the 21Prison Gangs in the 21stst Century CenturyHISTORYHISTORY Prison gangs began to form in federal and state prison Prison gangs began to form in federal and state prison

correctional institutions in the 1960’s and 70’s. They correctional institutions in the 1960’s and 70’s. They began as a way for prisoners to protect themselves from began as a way for prisoners to protect themselves from rival gangs inside the prison walls and from hardened rival gangs inside the prison walls and from hardened criminals who took advantage of new inmatescriminals who took advantage of new inmates. .

In the early 1990’s, prison disturbances increased 400 In the early 1990’s, prison disturbances increased 400 percent percent

Nationally, and internationally, prison gangs pose a Nationally, and internationally, prison gangs pose a threat because of their role in the transportation and threat because of their role in the transportation and distribution of narcotics.distribution of narcotics.

They are an important link between street gangs and They are an important link between street gangs and

drug trafficking organizations. drug trafficking organizations.

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Today, correctional institutions no Today, correctional institutions no longer use the term longer use the term gangs gangs in order to in order to deny any undue acknowledgement of deny any undue acknowledgement of criminal activities inside the prisons. criminal activities inside the prisons. Instead, the more modern term used Instead, the more modern term used is is security threat group security threat group oror STGSTG . .


Security Threat Groups/Prison GangsSecurity Threat Groups/Prison Gangs - - a group of individuals possessing common a group of individuals possessing common characteristics that distinguish them from other characteristics that distinguish them from other groups and are a threat to staff, other inmates, groups and are a threat to staff, other inmates, the institution, or the community;the institution, or the community;a select group of inmates, usually structured a select group of inmates, usually structured along ethnic or racial lines, who have an along ethnic or racial lines, who have an organized hierarchy and are governed by an organized hierarchy and are governed by an established code of conduct.established code of conduct.

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TYPES OF SECURITY THREAT GROUPSTYPES OF SECURITY THREAT GROUPS

Traditional Prison Gangs:Traditional Prison Gangs:

well organized groups of inmates. well organized groups of inmates.

Non-Traditional Prison Gang:Non-Traditional Prison Gang:

less well organized group of inmates. less well organized group of inmates.


Traditional Prison GangsTraditional Prison Gangs

In the 21st century, there are six (6) major traditional In the 21st century, there are six (6) major traditional security threat groups. security threat groups.

These groups originated in the 1960’s and 70’s as a These groups originated in the 1960’s and 70’s as a means of protection from other groups and inmate means of protection from other groups and inmate predators. predators.

They are known for their violence.They are known for their violence.


I. Aryan BrotherhoodI. Aryan Brotherhood – (Other names: AB, Alice, – (Other names: AB, Alice, Alice Baker, Tip, Brand; earlier names from the 1950’s Alice Baker, Tip, Brand; earlier names from the 1950’s included Blue Birds, Diamond Tooth Gang, Nazi Gang.)included Blue Birds, Diamond Tooth Gang, Nazi Gang.)

The The Aryan BrotherhoodAryan Brotherhood began in 1967 in San Quintin Prison, began in 1967 in San Quintin Prison, a facility in the California Department of Corrections, to a facility in the California Department of Corrections, to protect Caucasian prisoners from Hispanic and African-protect Caucasian prisoners from Hispanic and African-American prisoners. American prisoners.

They display neo-Nazi characteristics and believe in white They display neo-Nazi characteristics and believe in white supremacy of those with German and Irish ancestry. supremacy of those with German and Irish ancestry.

While AB holds a deep hatred toward blacks, they associate While AB holds a deep hatred toward blacks, they associate with and support black gangs to encourage prison with and support black gangs to encourage prison disturbances, when they need them for drug transactions, disturbances, when they need them for drug transactions, and extortion. and extortion.

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Aryan BrotherhoodAryan Brotherhood

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They are very well organized. They are very well organized.

Key decisions and murders must be approved Key decisions and murders must be approved by a “Commission” prior to implementation.by a “Commission” prior to implementation.

They are the most violent and most feared!They are the most violent and most feared!

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Members will state that their goal is Members will state that their goal is “getting high and getting over” or making “getting high and getting over” or making their time in prison as comfortable as their time in prison as comfortable as possible.possible.

They have been known to strangle victims They have been known to strangle victims with their bare hands and to gouge out a with their bare hands and to gouge out a person’s eyes at the smallest sign of person’s eyes at the smallest sign of disrespect. disrespect.

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Tattoos are common. The true “brand” of the Tattoos are common. The true “brand” of the Aryan BrotherhoodAryan Brotherhood is a shamrock tattoo with is a shamrock tattoo with the letters the letters ABAB and three sixes (e.g. 666). and three sixes (e.g. 666). Consent is needed to wear the brand. Consent is needed to wear the brand.

People wearing the brand without consent of People wearing the brand without consent of the gang are often murdered.the gang are often murdered.


Many are professionals (e.g. attorneys) Many are professionals (e.g. attorneys)

AB may hold gang meetings disguised as AB may hold gang meetings disguised as “testifying in a court case”.“testifying in a court case”.

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II. Black Guerilla FamilyII. Black Guerilla Family – (Also known as “BGF”; original – (Also known as “BGF”; original know as “The Black Family”, also known at the Black Vanguard)know as “The Black Family”, also known at the Black Vanguard)

Traditional prison gang that is very anti-government. Traditional prison gang that is very anti-government.

The The Black Guerilla FamilyBlack Guerilla Family started in 1967 by Black Panther Party started in 1967 by Black Panther Party member George Jackson in California. member George Jackson in California.

Formed as a Marxist/Maoist/Leninist politically revolutionary Formed as a Marxist/Maoist/Leninist politically revolutionary organization. organization.

Goals include:Goals include: Overthrow of the U.S. governmentOverthrow of the U.S. government Elimination of racismElimination of racism Maintaining dignity in prison. Maintaining dignity in prison.

The The Black Guerilla FamilyBlack Guerilla Family has a military structure with a “Supreme has a military structure with a “Supreme Leader”, a central committee and military ranks. Leader”, a central committee and military ranks.

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Black Guerilla FamilyBlack Guerilla Family

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The gang had links to the Black Mafia, The gang had links to the Black Mafia, Black Liberation Army, Weatherman Black Liberation Army, Weatherman Underground, the Symbionese Liberation Underground, the Symbionese Liberation Army and other black gangs. Army and other black gangs.

Their enemies include The Aryan Their enemies include The Aryan Brotherhood, Texas Syndicate and Brotherhood, Texas Syndicate and Mexican Mafia. Mexican Mafia.


III. La Neustra FamiliaIII. La Neustra Familia (“Our Family”) (“Our Family”) – – Other names include “LNF”, “NF”, “ENE”, “F”, Other names include “LNF”, “NF”, “ENE”, “F”, “Nancy Flores”. “Nancy Flores”.

La Neustra FamiliaLa Neustra Familia originated at Soledad Prison in originated at Soledad Prison in California in the mid-1960’s to protect rural California in the mid-1960’s to protect rural Mexican immigrants from urban immigrants; Mexican immigrants from urban immigrants;

LNF has a constitution and it has a paramilitary LNF has a constitution and it has a paramilitary organizational structure. organizational structure.

There are ranks from soldier to general. There are ranks from soldier to general.

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La Neustra FamiliaLa Neustra Familia

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La Neustra FamiliaLa Neustra Familia

Allies include the Black Guerilla Family. Allies include the Black Guerilla Family.

Texas Syndicate, Mexican Mafia, F-14, Texas Syndicate, Mexican Mafia, F-14, Mexikanemi and Aryan Brotherhood are Mexikanemi and Aryan Brotherhood are among their enemies.among their enemies.

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Prison Gangs in the 21Prison Gangs in the 21stst Century CenturyIV. Mexican MafiaIV. Mexican Mafia - (Also known as “La Eme”, - (Also known as “La Eme”,

Emily and Emeros) Emily and Emeros)

The The Mexican MafiaMexican Mafia originated as a street gang in originated as a street gang in the late 1950’s in the California Department of the late 1950’s in the California Department of Corrections. Corrections.

Their ideology is based on violence to create fear Their ideology is based on violence to create fear and command respect, ethnic solidarity and control and command respect, ethnic solidarity and control of drug trafficking. of drug trafficking.

There is a paramilitary organizational structure in There is a paramilitary organizational structure in which generals give discipline and instructions to be which generals give discipline and instructions to be carried out by captains, lieutenants, and soldiers. carried out by captains, lieutenants, and soldiers.

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Mexican MafiaMexican Mafia

The The Mexican MafiaMexican Mafia is an ally of the Aryan is an ally of the Aryan Brotherhood. They work together to Brotherhood. They work together to control prostitution, drugs, weapons and control prostitution, drugs, weapons and murder. Other allies include Mexikanemi, murder. Other allies include Mexikanemi, the New Mexico Syndicate and urban the New Mexico Syndicate and urban Latino street gangs. Latino street gangs.

Enemies include La Nuestra Familia, Enemies include La Nuestra Familia, Black Guerilla Family and black street Black Guerilla Family and black street gangs.gangs.

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Mexican MafiaMexican Mafia

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V. NetaV. Neta – (Also known as – (Also known as Asociacion NetaAsociacion Neta))

NetaNeta was formed in the late 1970’s in Oso Blanco was formed in the late 1970’s in Oso Blanco Prison in Rio Pedras, Puerto Rico to stop the violence Prison in Rio Pedras, Puerto Rico to stop the violence between rival groups in the prison and to protect between rival groups in the prison and to protect weaker prisoners from a group known as the G’27. weaker prisoners from a group known as the G’27.

Members are Hispanic of Puerto Rican-American Members are Hispanic of Puerto Rican-American

ancestry. ancestry.

Aspiring members must recruit 20 new prospects to Aspiring members must recruit 20 new prospects to qualify for full membershipqualify for full membership. .

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NetaNeta

The 30th of each month is celebrated as a The 30th of each month is celebrated as a tribute to fallen tribute to fallen NetaNeta members. Members display members. Members display the Puerto Rican flag and carry identification the Puerto Rican flag and carry identification cards. cards.

The organization takes on the structure of a The organization takes on the structure of a social or cultural club with a president, vice –social or cultural club with a president, vice –president, recruiter, secretary, sergeant–at-arms president, recruiter, secretary, sergeant–at-arms and enforcer. and enforcer.

They are very secretive and will not freely admit They are very secretive and will not freely admit membershipmembership..

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NetaNeta

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NetaNeta Neta Neta members keep a low profile and they members keep a low profile and they

are more difficult to identify than other are more difficult to identify than other gangs. gangs.

They are involved in drug trade, extortion They are involved in drug trade, extortion and perform hits for other gangs. and perform hits for other gangs.

Their weapons of choice are automatic Their weapons of choice are automatic and semiautomatic weapons. and semiautomatic weapons.

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NetaNeta

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NetaNeta

NetaNeta allies itself with allies itself with Los MacheterosLos Macheteros. .

Neta’sNeta’s enemies include enemies include Los SolidosLos Solidos , Latin , Latin Kings and 20 Luv.Kings and 20 Luv.

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VI. Texas SyndicateVI. Texas Syndicate – Other names used include – Other names used include Syndicato Tejano, “TS”, “ESE”, “TE”, and “Teresa Syndicato Tejano, “TS”, “ESE”, “TE”, and “Teresa Sanchez”. Sanchez”.

The The Texas SyndicateTexas Syndicate began in California at Folsom began in California at Folsom State Prison in the early 1970’s in response to other State Prison in the early 1970’s in response to other traditional prison gangs. traditional prison gangs.

While members are mostly Mexican-American While members are mostly Mexican-American inmates, non-Hispanics are allowed to become inmates, non-Hispanics are allowed to become members. members.

There are written rules for members to follow. There are written rules for members to follow.

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Texas SyndicateTexas Syndicate

Texas SyndicateTexas SyndicateThe leader is called the “Chairman”. The leader is called the “Chairman”. Gang members, known as Gang members, known as “carnal”“carnal”, tattoo themselves with their , tattoo themselves with their “TS” logo design that may be cleverly disguised. “TS” logo design that may be cleverly disguised.

The The Texas SyndicateTexas Syndicate allies itself with the Texas Mafia and Dirty allies itself with the Texas Mafia and Dirty White Boys. White Boys.

Enemies include the Aryan Brotherhood, La Nuestra Familia, Enemies include the Aryan Brotherhood, La Nuestra Familia, Mexican Mafia, Mexikanemi and Mandingo Warriors.Mexican Mafia, Mexikanemi and Mandingo Warriors.

The largest predatory groups of inmates in Florida are the Aryan The largest predatory groups of inmates in Florida are the Aryan Brotherhood and Neta. Brotherhood and Neta.

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Texas SyndicateTexas Syndicate

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Non-Traditional Prison GangsNon-Traditional Prison Gangs are not as well known are not as well known as traditional security threat groups, but they are equally dangerous. They hold as traditional security threat groups, but they are equally dangerous. They hold similar cultural and criminal beliefs. They are active in state prison systems and the similar cultural and criminal beliefs. They are active in state prison systems and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Some of the non-traditional gangs include the following:Some of the non-traditional gangs include the following: New Mexico SyndicateNew Mexico Syndicate MexikanemiNazi Low RidersMexikanemiNazi Low Riders Arizona Aryan Brotherhood Arizona Aryan Brotherhood AztecaAzteca Dirty White Boys Dirty White Boys Los Solidos Los Solidos Texas Mafia Texas Mafia 415’sTri-City Bombers 415’sTri-City Bombers Trinitarios Identifiers Trinitarios Identifiers Bulldog Nation Bulldog Nation Border Brothers Border Brothers Aryan CircleAryan Circle Mandingo WarriorsMandingo Warriors


Understanding the Language of Prison Understanding the Language of Prison GangsGangs

The specialized vocabulary of prison gangs serves The specialized vocabulary of prison gangs serves to maintain their secrecy, identity and solidarity.to maintain their secrecy, identity and solidarity.

For correctional officers, breaking the language For correctional officers, breaking the language codes of prison gangs has allowed them tocodes of prison gangs has allowed them to

Interrupt violent actionsInterrupt violent actions Stop illicit business transactions Stop illicit business transactions Save lives.Save lives.


GLOSSARY OF WORDS FOR PRISON GLOSSARY OF WORDS FOR PRISON GANGSGANGS

Blood inBlood in - - the policy of most gangs that requires new members to the policy of most gangs that requires new members to “spill someone else’s blood”, or commit a murder or aggravated assault, “spill someone else’s blood”, or commit a murder or aggravated assault, to join. Targets may be another gang’s member, a police or officer, or an to join. Targets may be another gang’s member, a police or officer, or an innocent person selected at random. This is a means of protection innocent person selected at random. This is a means of protection against infiltration because police officers will refuse these membership against infiltration because police officers will refuse these membership rituals.rituals.

Blood outBlood out – – trying to get out of a prison gang usually results in death. trying to get out of a prison gang usually results in death. Like street gangs, prison gangs consider membership is for life. Like street gangs, prison gangs consider membership is for life.

Back door paroleBack door parole - - to die in prisonto die in prison

BucketBucket – – county jailcounty jail

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BusterBuster – –fraudulent gang memberfraudulent gang member Catch cold –Catch cold – to get killed to get killed Click upClick up – – getting along well with a homeboy, not getting along well with a homeboy, not

looking for troublelooking for trouble Daddies or JokersDaddies or Jokers – – incarcerated sexual predators incarcerated sexual predators

who prey on weaker inmates, called “punkswho prey on weaker inmates, called “punks Dancing on the blacktopDancing on the blacktop – –getting stabbedgetting stabbed ““Doing the Dutch”, Topped off, Dumped, Knocked offDoing the Dutch”, Topped off, Dumped, Knocked off – –

committing suicidecommitting suicide


Jug-upJug-up – meal time – meal time

Killing your numberKilling your number – – serving one’s time or getting serving one’s time or getting out on paroleout on parole

Kite Kite –– a contraband letter a contraband letter

LifeboatLifeboat – – a pardon a pardon


LuggerLugger – – an inmate who smuggles and an inmate who smuggles and possesses contraband and illicit substancespossesses contraband and illicit substances

Red eye –Red eye – hard stare hard stare

Set-trippingSet-tripping – to switch from on gang to another – to switch from on gang to another

ShankShank – – a knife a knife

Street newspapersStreet newspapers – – graffiti; a communication graffiti; a communication device for gang membersdevice for gang members

Taking a napTaking a nap – – short jail sentence short jail sentence

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Prison Gangs in the 21Prison Gangs in the 21stst Century Century Vocabulary in combination with Vocabulary in combination with

Hand signs and GesturesHand signs and Gestures Symbols Symbols ColorsColors Banners and FlagsBanners and Flags TattoosTattoos Constitutions, Rules, by-lawsConstitutions, Rules, by-laws Need and desire to belongNeed and desire to belong Rituals, Rights of PassageRituals, Rights of Passage Shared ideology and values…Shared ideology and values…

have resulted in gang cultures which are outside of the have resulted in gang cultures which are outside of the mainstream culture.mainstream culture.

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Prison Gangs in the 21Prison Gangs in the 21stst Century CenturySUMMARYSUMMARY

Prison gangs of the 21Prison gangs of the 21stst century have evolved into century have evolved into highly profitable, yet destructive, business enterprises.highly profitable, yet destructive, business enterprises.

Technology allows prison gangs to extend their Technology allows prison gangs to extend their influence beyond prison walls, into international influence beyond prison walls, into international narcoterrorism.narcoterrorism.

Prison gangs present a significant threat to the culture Prison gangs present a significant threat to the culture and security of the United States.and security of the United States.

Law enforcement organizations must work together to Law enforcement organizations must work together to control and neutralize the rising influence of security control and neutralize the rising influence of security threat groups.threat groups.

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ReferencesReferences Clear, T. R., Cole, G. F., & Reisig, M. D. (2008). Chapter 11: The Prison Clear, T. R., Cole, G. F., & Reisig, M. D. (2008). Chapter 11: The Prison

Experience. In Michelle Baird, Maureen Staudt and Michael Stranz (Ed.), Experience. In Michelle Baird, Maureen Staudt and Michael Stranz (Ed.), Introduction to CorrectionsIntroduction to Corrections (pp. 266-289). Mason, Ohio: Thomson (pp. 266-289). Mason, Ohio: Thomson Wadsworth.Wadsworth.

Danitz, T. (1998, September 28). Danitz, T. (1998, September 28). The Gangs Behind BarsThe Gangs Behind Bars. Retrieved March . Retrieved March 7, 2009, from Insight on the News Web site: 7, 2009, from Insight on the News Web site: http://tindarticles.com/p/articles/mi_1571ishttp://tindarticles.com/p/articles/mi_1571is

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Glossary Inside Prison: Slang for Prison LifeGlossary Inside Prison: Slang for Prison Life. (n.d.). Retrieved March 9, . (n.d.). Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Inside Prison Web site: 2009, from Inside Prison Web site: http://www.insideprison.com/glossary.asphttp://www.insideprison.com/glossary.asp

Jackson, n. (n.d.). Jackson, n. (n.d.). About Prison GangsAbout Prison Gangs. Retrieved March 2, 2009, from . Retrieved March 2, 2009, from eHow.com Web site: http://www.ehow.com/about_4579324_prison-eHow.com Web site: http://www.ehow.com/about_4579324_prison-gangs.htmlgangs.html

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Prison Gangs in the United States: About Violent GangsPrison Gangs in the United States: About Violent Gangs. (n.d.). Retrieved . (n.d.). Retrieved March 7, 2009, from United States Department of Justice Web site: March 7, 2009, from United States Department of Justice Web site: http://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/gangunit/about/prisongangshttp://www.usdoj.gov/criminal/gangunit/about/prisongangs

Prison Gangs: Definitions and TrendsPrison Gangs: Definitions and Trends. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2009, from . (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2009, from Answer.com Web site: http://www.answers.comAnswer.com Web site: http://www.answers.com

Recruiting Statistics of New Inmates into Prison GangsRecruiting Statistics of New Inmates into Prison Gangs. (n.d.). Retrieved . (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2009, from http://www.ngcrc.com/corr2006.htmlMarch 8, 2009, from http://www.ngcrc.com/corr2006.html

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Walker, R. (n.d.). Walker, R. (n.d.). Prison Gangs--History of La Neustra Familia Prison Gangs--History of La Neustra Familia Prison GangPrison Gang. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from Gangs or Us Web . Retrieved March 19, 2009, from Gangs or Us Web site: http://www.gangsorus.com/nuestra_familia_prison_gangsite: http://www.gangsorus.com/nuestra_familia_prison_gang

Walker, R. (n.d.). Walker, R. (n.d.). Prison Gangs--History of the Black Guerilla Family Prison Gangs--History of the Black Guerilla Family Prison GangPrison Gang. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from Gangs or Ur Web . Retrieved March 19, 2009, from Gangs or Ur Web site: http://www.gangsorus.com/black_guerrilla_family_prison_gangsite: http://www.gangsorus.com/black_guerrilla_family_prison_gang

Walker, R. (n.d.). Walker, R. (n.d.). Prison Gangs--History of the Mexican Mafia Prison Gangs--History of the Mexican Mafia Prison GangPrison Gang. Retrieved from Gangs or Us Web site: . Retrieved from Gangs or Us Web site: http://www.gangsorus.com/mexican_mafia_prison_ganghttp://www.gangsorus.com/mexican_mafia_prison_gang

Walker, R. (n.d.). Walker, R. (n.d.). Prison Gangs--History of the Neta Association Prison Gangs--History of the Neta Association Prison GangPrison Gang. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from Gangs or Us Web . Retrieved March 19, 2009, from Gangs or Us Web site: http://www.gangsorus.com/neta_association_gangsite: http://www.gangsorus.com/neta_association_gang

Walker, R. (n.d.). Walker, R. (n.d.). Prison Gangs--History of the Texas Syndicate Prison Gangs--History of the Texas Syndicate Prison GangPrison Gang. Retrieved from Gangs or Us Web site: . Retrieved from Gangs or Us Web site: http://www.gangsorus.com/texas_syndicate_prison_ganghttp://www.gangsorus.com/texas_syndicate_prison_gang

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Prison Gangs In The 21st Century Power Point