Introduction toApologetics

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HELLthe Problem of

DEFINITIONS

michaelpaukner

Sheol (H) Hades (Gr)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Valley_of_Hinom_PA180090.JPG

Gehenna (Gr)

HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Gustave Doré, the Rich man and Lazarus.

Ancient Judaism until c.500BCE

Gustave Doré, the Rich man and Lazarus.

All the dead in Sheol

Jacob Solomon

Creation - Ancient PreHistory, Gen.1-11 Patriarchs - Abraham c.2000BCE, Gen.12 Exodus - Moses Conquest - Canaan, Joshua, 12 Tribes, Mount Gerizim Judges - Samson, Deborah Kings - Saul, David, Solomon, 1st Temple (Jerusalem) Divided Kingdom - Israel (N, 10) and Judea (S, 2) Exile - Assyrians (N, Samaritans), Persians (S, Babylon), Synagogues Return - c.530BCE, 70yrs, Daniel, Nehemiah, 2nd Temple Judaism Intertestament Period - 400BCE-0, Apocrypha

OT Ch

ronolo

gy10 Eras

Resurrection of the Flesh by Luca Signorelli c.1500

Intertestament Period

A Soul Brought to Heaven 1878 - William-Adolphe Bouguereau

Intertestament PeriodImmortal Souls

Jesus

Jesus separating the Sheep from the Goats by Fra Angelico

Hell in the NT

Nec Spe, Nec Metu byNicolas-Antoine Taunay

The Patristics c.100-450AD

The INTERMEDIATE

STATE

Early ViewSt. Augustine

Wimpfen-stadtkirche-predell.jpg

Purgatory11th century

Luther Calvin

Unconscious Sleep

Most Protestants, Anabaptists & Eastern Orthodox*

CURRENT VIEWS about HELL

Roman Catholic ViewStates of Existence

Eastern Orthodox View

funkystock.photoshelter.com

Protestant Views

TraditionalismEternal Conscious Torment

The Fall of the Rebel Angels by Pieter Bruegel.

http://www.wga.hu/art/b/botticel/93dante/110hell.jpg

Eternal Conscious Proportional TormentTraditionalism

Eternal SeparationTraditionalism

Protestant Views

Christian Universalismhttp://hawkradius.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/heaven.jpg

Universalism

Unitarian Universalism

Protestant Views

ConditionalismConditional Immortality

Annihilation

"Limited conscious punishment”

Unquenchable? Everlasting?

Lazarus & The Rich Man

James Tissot

Counterargument

HELLthe Problem of