State Formation in SEA

How Did the Dominant

Ethnolinguistic Groups Come to Be

large, Dominant and Widespread? Warfare and Conquest?

The Early Farming Dispersal Hypothesis-

What is this?

State Formation?

State Formation Usually

Involves:

Agriculture (use of plough or irrigation)

Trade and Markets

A Lingua Franca

Common or Dominant Religious Traditions

Cities or Political and religious Centers?

Writing Common Scripts, Calendars?

Social and/or Ethnic Stratification

Monumental Architecture

Outside Influences in the

Development of Civilization in SEA

China (Sinitic)- predominate among the Vietnamese and some hill minorities in the North

They influenced: Religion (Buddhism and Ancestor worship), Architecture, and Philosophy (Confucianism).

India (Indic)- predominant in Western Indonesia, Malaysia and the Mainland outside of Vietnam

They Influenced: Kingship and the State, Religion (Hinduism and Buddhism), and Architecture

Temple of Literature, Hanoi

(1070)

Main gate

to the

templeFourth

courtyard

Well of

heavenly

ClarityAltar to Confucius

and his disciples

Why did people from India want to

sail to SEA?

Cloves- Syzgium aromaticum Nutmeg- Myristica fragrans

Moluku Islands or

“Spice Islands”

Brief Timeline of the Angkor Kingdom

• Phase 1

• 4300-4000 ya- first rice farming communities in Cambodia

• 3500-2500 ya- Bronze age of SEA

• 2500-1600 ya –Iron age of SEA

Phase 2

• 1850-1450 ya- The rise and fall of Funan (The Delta State)

Early Sanskrit writings from Funan mid 5th century AD

Phase 3

• 1450-1200 ya -ChenlaState Formation in the Mekong Valley

Phase 4

• 1200-570 ya (abandoned by 1432 AD)

• Capitals constructed on the plains near Tonle Sap lake

• The capital radiated spiritual power

• Stratified society

• Wars and unrest

• Preserving Angkor Today

Mt. Meru Influence

The Rathas in MahalabalapurhamIndia

Annamalaiya Temple in Thiruvannamahi

Borobudor

Mahalbalipuram Tamil Nadu

Bagan, Burma

Later Influences:

India and the Middle East: Islam (i.e: the term

sultan)

European Colonial influences

Sri Hamengkubuwono

X the Sultan of

Yogyakarta and

current governor

Why did much of Insular SEA

Convert to Islam? And what were

the effects?

Islam spread peacefully, not by conquest

Islam was linked to trade and traders

Islam spread from India rather than the Middle

East

Islamicization was gradual and did not require

radical changes in social organization