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Music Institutions• Who makes music videos?• Where/how are they produced?• Are certain record labels/producers for

certain genres?• How are music videos promoted?

+Who makes music videos?

+Who makes music videos?

Different music videos are made by different record labels that provide funding. Institutions produce a mixture of music videos depending on the type of music that they work with and the budget they are allowed. Some different music institutions include: Universal music group, EMI, Sony music entertainment and Warner music group and each of these music institutions play as parent or distributor to smaller record labels like parlophone, imperial records & American records.

+Where/how are they produced?

+Universal music group

Universal music group was founded in 1934 and are a French-owned group and they produce mixed genres of music, from rock to rap to pop.

Their headquarters are located in Santa Monica in California in the United States, however they produce music in the UK through their sub-headquarters that are based in places such as London.

They have a revenue of $6.552 billion and so are able to distribute money evenly for their labels. Their yearly budget is around $30 - $40 million and it has doubled since examined in 2010

Some of the artists that they produce for are: Fergie, Will.i.am, Cheryl Cole, LMFAO, Disclosure, 2 chainz, Ludacris, Jake bugg, Fall out boy, iggy azalea and pixie lott.

In the November of 2011 universal music group purchased EMI and integrated them the next year.

+Sony Music Entertainment

Sony music entertainment was founded in 1929 as the ‘American record group’ however it developed in 2008 into ‘Sony music entertainment.

Their main headquarters are located in New York, however they own buildings in and distribute to countries such as the UK, Germany and. Japan (They are a Japanese-owned company).

They have a revenue of $4.89 billion which allows them to work with these other countries and inherit other music companies.

They tend to produce music pop music, working with artists such as; Carly Rae Jepsen, Beyoncé, Dixie chicks, Katy Perry and Max Schneider.

In 2004 Sony music joined by merging their two companies, this gave them roots in Germany and created a new name for them (Sony BMG). They then in 2008 agreed to take the 50% of Bertelsmann's stake, returning it to Sony music entertainment.

+Warner music group

Warner music group was founded in 1958 as ‘Warner Bros. Records’ , they later changed their name in 1991 to ‘Warner Music group’ due to new management.

Their headquarters are located in New York in the united states and they are US-owned company. They also have a branch in the UK which is branded ‘Warner music UK’.

Warner music group have a revenue of $2.87 billion this allows them to own a range of labels and release various types of music for their group.

Due to their ownership of different record labels they don t have one set genre, however they produce for artists such as: Gabrielle Aplin, Blur, Coldplay, David Bowie, Paramore, Against the current and Panic! At the disco

Warner music group is extremely against piracy. In 2008 they disallowed YouTube from distributing their videos due to a dispute, however in 2009 this was lifted and YouTube are now able to exhibit their videos.

+Are certain music labels for certain genres?

+Different record labels are prone to catering for a range genre, this makes it almost impossible to find a set genre for a music group. This is because each music label will have ownership of various different sub-labels that will provide a range of genres for the company.

An example of this is the warner music group who owns record labels such as Parlaphone and Atlantic records, each of these labels will own a set of sub- labels, Parlaphone for example distributes for Coldplay who have an alternative rock genre however they also distribute for Connor Maynard who performs pop. This means that they distribute mixture of music making it harder to identify a singular genre.

The reasons for doing this may be in order to achieve a wider fan base as the wider the fan base, the larger the revenue they will take in and be able to use. This produces a successful company and allows them to expand their business to other companies regardless of their genre.

+How are music videos promoted?

+The promotion of music videos…

Music videos are promoted through various different mediums of media, this may be through the TV to the internet.

Some of the platforms for promotion include: Posters, Newspaper advertisements, Internet, Television adverts and the radio.

This range of promotion allows a widespread audience to receive word of the music video, this collects a bigger fan service and so allows a larger revenue to be come in.