Grid pattern of the extra new dimensions

String theory predicts that there are 11 dimensions,10 define space and 1 defines time. The theory expects to have small curled local Calabi-Yau in the fabric of space time. This means that there are 7 new dimensions .

Yoav Weinstein – yoavw@dir-technologies.com ; Eran Sinbar – erans@dir-technologies.com

14.March.2015

Why new dimensions

1. Since Heisenberg uncertainty principle defines an uncertainty in position and momentum in the order of Planck length (h) ,it is a logic assumption that space (and may be time) are quantized (quantum cells) ,and there are no smaller lengths than Planck’s length and no shorter time than Planck’s time (Planck’s length/speed of light).

If so ,the question is what defines the grids of these space/time quantum cells . We believe that these are the extra new dimensions. 2. There are non local phenomena's like entanglement of 2 particles (“spooky action from a distance” – Albert Einstein) and Schrodinger's probability wave . these phenomena's are faster than light (they act simultaneously )and can not be explained by the 3D known space dimensions (limited to the speed of light) or by the extra, seven *local, curled Calabi-Yau dimensions(model of string theory ). A **non-local model of grids of new dimensions between the quantum cells can explain these phenomena's. *Local – at each quantum cell are curled very small extra dimensions. **Non-Local grid – a grid of extra dimensions stretched between the quantum cells ,enabling Information between the cells to move faster than light.

Why do we think that the new dimensions are spread as non local grid

Non local, grid dimensions theory

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1. Quantum particles of space. The 2D image (instead of 3D) is for easier drawing illustration purposes only.

Zoom

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2. new dimensions between The quantum particles. They can be arranged one layer Above the other ,or one layer Next to the other ,wrapped Together etc.

A small region of the 3D space fabric. Each 2D rectangle illustrates a 3D quantum of space. Between these quantum cells are located the new dimensions

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In a zoomed image Grid lines represent the new Dimensions and Between them are the rectangles that represent The 3D space quantum cells.

A smooth image of 3D space

3D space quantum cells

Quantum of space and time (the unit quantum cell): The 3D space is quantized to miniature space fabric particles /cells ,in the order of Planck length. (https://www.google.co.il/webhp?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4LENP_en___IL491#q=plack+length ) Between the quantum cells there are extra non local grid dimensions connecting all the cells together: In these new dimensions there is no meaning for time or space as we define and measure it, since they are not made From the same fabric as the space/time ,4D known universe. Information in these new dimensions flows with no limits of speed or time. It is as if all the quantum space cells are connected together through the new dimensions in a way that they can influence the quantum space cells in a non locality way explaining entanglement, Schrodinger's probability wave collapse ,etc. These new dimensions work like conductors between pixel elements in a microelectronic chip carrying information like the probability wave ,the way the probability wave collapses, entanglement, spin direction, Pauli's exclusion principle ,etc.

Definitions

Quantum of space (the unit quanta cell) All the known space/time laws like :Newtonian , relativity ,electro-magnetic ,thermodynamics ,strong force, weak force etc. apply when energy is flowing through the cells of space. The extra grid dimensions between the space quanta's, are responsible for the unexplained quantum mechanical phenomena's: • Entanglement • Tunneling • Schrodinger's wave function collapse • The 7 added dimensions needed for the string theory.

The new grid patterned dimensions between the space and time quanta's, are responsible for: • Entanglement – the non locality of the 2 entangled particles is caused by the non

locality of the new dimensions that can pass information between the space quanta’s at zero time since there is no meaning of space and time in these new dimensions. The new dimensions can reach each and every space quanta as it is demonstrated in the 2D image below. these new dimensions are responsible for the non locality of the entanglement phenomenon (“ spooky action from a distance”- Albert Einstein)

Entangled particle In a quantized space

cell

Entangled particle In a quantized space

cell

Non locality through new dimensions

The quantization of the 3D fabric of space and the uncertainty principle: • Uncertainty – the minimal measured time and length are in the Planck order since

the space/time is quantized and that is the reason for the uncertainty principle.

~ Planck length

Example of a 3D quantized unit for illustration purpose (the shape of a quanta can be different than a cube, it can be spherical shape ,etc.). There is no exact Point location + momentum, or energy + time ,inside the space /time Quantum cell – this is the cause for the uncertainty principle. A string with a specific harmony can be spread inside the quantum spatial cell and it will be considered as a point particle.

The new grid patterned dimensions between the space quanta's, are responsible for: • Tunneling – the non locality of the new dimensions enable passing energy between 2 quantized units cell of space even when there is a barrier cell between them

One quantized unit cell

Barrier cell

Second quantized unit cell

The 2D image of the quantum cells of space is for simple illustration only

Tunneling through new dimensions

Schrodinger's wave function collapse (before collapsing): • Before measuring the photons location for example, the probability wave function is

spread all over and controlled through the new dimensions between the space quantum cells.

Image before the collapse – in this drawing ,the more reddish the quantum cell ,the higher the possibility in the wave function.

Quantum spatial Unit cell

The 2D image of the quantum cells of space is for simple illustration only

New dimensions

Schrodinger's wave function collapse (after collapsing): • During the measurement ,through the new dimensions ,simultaneously, probability =0

signal is passed to all the quantum space cells except to a single chosen quantum cell with probability =1 (Schrodinger’s wave collapse) .

• Since the new grid shaped dimensions do not obey to locality and to the limit of the speed of light the collapse procedure happens simultaneously in all the quantum cells.

• The wave becomes a particle and the chosen cell has the particles deterministic unit cell location.

Image after the collapse

P

Deterministic cell Location of the

Particle. Probability = 1

The 2D image of the quantum cells of space is for simple illustration only

New dimensions

Probability = 0

Probability = 0

Probability = 0 Probability = 0

Probability = 0

3D quantum cell of Space

Between the cells are spread the new dimensions (instead of the curled local clabi yau shapes). (for the string theory 10 spatial dimensions are needed instead of the standard 3) They can be imagined as a grid of layers of conductors in a micro electronic chip which has many pixel elements that are connected to one another through the conductor layers

The new dimensions needed for the string theory

New dimensions

New dimensions

The direction and size of the signal from the new dimensions to the 3D quanta spatial cell Will define the spin direction and its magnitude.

The spin direction and magnitude

Spin +z

Spin -z

Spin +x Spin - x

Spin +y

Spin -y

The light quanta moves from one quantum space cell to the other . There are 2 events that are needed for propagation of light: 1. Probability for carrying a photon in the specific quantum cell. The probability for each Quantum cell is dictated by the grid of the extra dimensions between the quantum cells. this probability information can move faster than light since the grid extra dimensions are not restricted to the physics laws of the quantum cells that represent the known 3D space. this is what we call Schrodinger’s probability wave function. 2. When a 3D space quantum cell (A) has a probability to carry a photon and gets another trigger signal from the grid extra dimensions to start vibrating ,it begins vibrating as a string (based on string theory),until it represents the needed energy of the photon. Than it gets another trigger signal from the grid extra dimensions to stop vibrating (since now the photon has passed to the next quantum cell). This symbiosis between the 3D space quantum cell and the grid extra dimensions enable the propagation of light . The act of passing the energy from one cell to the other is limited by the speed of light. The explanation is for light ,but the same way other particles /waves propagate in space . If the particles are larger than a quantum cell, the procedure will occur in a cluster of neighboring cells .

The propagation of light

The propagation of light

time

At the drawing below each row represents one quantum step of the photon From a quantum space cell to the other. The 3D quantum cell ,is represented as 2D rectangle and the cell that has the high probability of carrying The light quanta vibrates. The vibration properties might be dictated through The specific signal from the extra grid dimension layers.

Quantum 3D cell

These is just a drawing for illustration purpose only.

Light quanta Inside the cell

New dimension layers

Quantized Universe & time theory

If the 3D space fabric is quantized than probably the time (the fourth known dimension ) Might also be quantized. The minimal time quanta is probably Planck's time (Plank’s length divided by the speed of light) . Between the time quanta particles might be a new grid spread dimension or the grid dimensions that were described in the slides above regarding the quantized fabric of space and time. These new dimensions in the time domain connect all the time quanta’s and they do not obey to the standard physical laws which we understand(for example , locality of time and space). They might be responsible to time phenomena's like the quantum eraser experiment and to the non symmetric behavior of the arrow of time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_eraser_experiment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_choice_quantum_eraser http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

Summary • The universe is quantized . • Space is quantized. • Time might be quantized • The quantum cell is probably in the Planck length order • Its size defines the uncertainty principle by definition . • The quantum cell of space might be in any 3D shape . In this

presentation a cubic shape was chosen but it can be a more symmetrical shape (cylindrical etc.) .

• The quantum space and time cell might be a 4D quantum cell. • The quantum space cell might be a 3D string. • The quantum space & time cell might be a 4D string (as defined

in string theory). • The quantum cell might be changing its shape in time and may defer from one quanta particle to the other . • Between the space/time quantum cells spread the extra

dimensions in a non-local grid shape . • The extra non local grid dimensions, are spread between the

quantum cells, and they can be layered one on top of the other, one next to the other, quantized themselves, wrapped together ,etc.

Summary • The new dimensions enable tunneling, the 7 needed dimensions for string theory,

definition of spin . • The new dimensions work as “conductors” between the quantum cells enabling

non locality simultaneous procedures like entanglement ,probability wave function collapse, Pauli's exclusion principle ,etc.

• The new dimensions might contain the deterministic secret of probability of particles (“God doesn't play dice “ – Albert Einstein ).

• The new dimensions (or some of them ) might contain dark material, dark energy, super symmetry particles, gravitational waves.

• Our knowledge ,measurement tools and consciousness is based on the known 4D space & time quantum cells and not on the other new dimensions between these cells, so we can not understand or measure them easily.

• Light , speed of light, time ,curvature of space and time, are all definitions that belong to the space & time quantized cells and not to the new dimensions. The new dimensions do not have to obey these physical laws.

• Understanding these new dimensions may enable in the future communication or travelling faster than light through the universe of space & time.