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Adoption as Adaptation! Long-term
consequences of cyclone disaster in
southwest coastal Bangladesh
Environmental Science Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna-9208
Bangladesh
International Scientific Conference
Paris, France 7-10 July, 2015
Zakia Sultana
Coastal Research Foundation (CRF),
Shovna, Khulna
Bangladesh
Content
Background and questions
Methods applied
Results
Outlook
Disaster and poverty
Natural hazards & poverty is interlinked
• Mostly the developing countries are affected
• Mostly the coastal and rural areas (IPPC 2007, 2012)
Bangladesh ranked as 5th
Disaster and poverty
The frequency, magnitude, intensity and extension of disaster
are increasing due to climate change
Bangladesh currently ranks as one of the world’s foremost
disaster prone country (IPPC 2007, 2013)
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable
Cyclone affected areas in Bangladesh
Source:Mallick, 2014
Cyclone Aila 2009 affected
Source:Mallick, 2014
What were the problems?
A lot of, but
Longer period inundation (3 to 12 months)
Saline water intrusion
are important in context of this research
Changes livelihood pattern of the affected population
Objectives
• To assess livelihood strategies in the cyclone
Aila affected community
• To identify the pros and cons of previous and
existing practices/strategies as policy
formulation
Empirical methods
Atulia Union, Shyamnagor Upazila, Satkhira
Population: 37,065
Main occupation: Farming and day laborer
145 Household Surveys
12 FGDs
4 FGDs with farmers
4 FGDs with fishermen
4 FGDs with local people
KII participant number is 5
Changes in temperature
Temperature changes are visible in
last 25 years
BMD, Satkhira 2013
Changes in rainfall
y = -2.469x + 6671
R² = 0.005
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
To
tal
an
nu
al
rain
fall
l
Year
25 years trend of total annual rainfall in mili meter
Total annual rainfall
in milimeter
Linéaire (Total annual
rainfall in milimeter)
Rainfall changes are irregular in
last 25 years
BMD, Satkhira 2013
Did the participants perceive similar?
Adopted strategies in rice cultivation
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Ordinary rice
cultivation
•Does not harm
others’ crops
•Need
more time
Saline
tolerant
variety
cultivation
•Production is
more than ordinary
rice
•Need less time
•Need to
cultivate in the
definite time
Homestead cultivation at raised ground
Normal Raised
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Homestead
vegetables
cultivation
•Need less labor •Lower
production
•Can be
damaged in
water logging
Vegetables
cultivation on
raised homestead
•Production more
•Become protected
from water logging
•Need
more labor
Single and integrated cultivation
Past Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Only fish
cultivation
•Fish production •Found fish
only
Vegetables
cultivation
around shrimp
farms through
drip irrigation
•Low cost
•One can produce vegetables
and fish together
•Need less water for drip
irrigation
•Need
more
care
Drinking water management
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Rain water
storage for few
days
•Does not contain
saline
•Not available at
all time
Rainwater
harvesting
•Can use for until 6
months to 1 year
•Does not contain
saline
•Everyone can’t
harvest rain
water
Drinking water management
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Use of tube well
water
•Available and
near the house
•Contain saline
and iron
Use of Artificial
Aquifer Tube
well
•Water is more
pure than
normal tube
well
•Need 2-3 months to
clean
Housing construction
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
House made of
mud
•Less cost
•Less labor
•Causes life
risk during
cyclone
House made of
mud and the stick
of bamboo or
Goran
•More durable than
normal mud wall
•Less risk from the
wall made of only
mud
•Need extra
wood or bamboo
•Need to prepare
the mud
Housing construction
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
House
construction on
normal plinth
•Need no extra
mud
•During flood
and water
logging water
enters
Raising
homestead
plinth
•Safe from flood and
water logging
•Need extra mud
and labor
Shrimp farming
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Normal shrimp
farming
•Earning
source
•Shrimp affects more
due to lack of
knowledge
Technology
based shrimp
farming
•Shrimps are
less affected
•Production
more
•Need to know about
parameters like pH,
temperature, DO
Cattle rearing
Previous Present
Strategy Pros Cons Strategy Pros Cons
Cow rearing People get
•Milk,
•Cow dung
•Cows can’t survive
in the salty weather
Sheep and goat
rearing
•Need less food
and less place
•Profitable
•Need to cultivate
saline tolerant
grass
Pigeon rearing
Shrimp larvae collection
Strategy Pros Cons
Pigeon rearing •Affected less in cyclone
•Can feed themselves
•Profitable
•Sometimes pigeons
are lost
Strategy Pros Cons
Collection of
shrimp larvae
•Earning source •They destroy other
fish fries during larvae
collection
Old but new!
Strategy Pros Cons
Social forestry •Beneficiaries get 60% benefits
•Also get the wood and branches of the
trees
•Sometimes beneficiaries do not get
the benefits due to the involvement of
dishonest person.
Old but new!
Social forestry program
Trees like tan, sour and bitter fruit bearing trees
Findings
Temperature is rising more or less steadily, monsoon changing and rainfall pattern become irregular.
Cultivation of saline tolerant rice varieties increases the production of rice than the ordinary rice cultivation.
The mud walls made of Goran wood or bamboo is more durable than the normal mud walls according to the people.
Due to new technology based shrimp farming shrimp production is increased than before.
Sheep, goat and pigeon rearing are increasing instead of cow rearing.
Policy outlook
Integration of locally adopted strategies in future disaster
management
Acknowledge local acceptance in designing livelihood
options
Thanks for you patience, welcome to your feedback!