Lecture 5 - organizing your speech

Organizing your Speech

Units 12, 13, & 14 Units 12, 13, & 14

Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Champions know there are no shortcuts to the top. They climb the

mountain one step at a time.

-JUDI ADLER


WHY READ THESE UNITS?

Because they will enable you to organize your speech by helping you to:Organize your ideas so that your audience can

follow, understand, and remember what you saySelect an organizing pattern that best fits the

topic, purpose, thesis, and audience Construct effective introductions, conclusions,

and transitionsDevelop outlines that will help in rehearsing and

delivering your speech


Organizing the speech helps:

Guide the speech preparation processThe audience to understand the speechThe audience to remember the speechEstablish speaker credibility

The Benefits of Organization


1. Select the Main Points2. Limit the Number of Main Points

2-4 main points are sufficient1. Focus on the Audience2. Word the Main Points

Develop the main points so they are separate and discrete

Phrase the main points in parallel style

Develop Your Main Points


Topical PatternUse when the topic conveniently divides

itself into clear subdivisions approximately equal in importance

Temporal PatternUse for speeches organized chronologically

into two, three, or four major partsSpatial Pattern

Use when describing objects or places

Organize Your Main Points


Problem–Solution PatternUseful in persuasive speeches to convince

the audience that a problem exists and that your solution would solve or lessen the problem

Cause–Effect PatternUseful in speeches to show the audience

the causal connection existing between two events or elements

Organize Your Main Points cont…


The Motivated SequenceOverview

Developed by Alan MonroeStep 1: Gain AttentionStep 2: Establish the NeedStep 3: Satisfy the NeedStep 4: Visualize the Need

SatisfiedStep 5: Ask for Action


Get the audience to focus on you and your message

Demonstrate enthusiasmInvolve the audience directly

Step 1: Gain Attention


State the problem or needLack of informationChange an attitude or behavior

Show why this is really a problem Audience must understand that the

problem affects them directly Show how this need affects those

values that motivate the audience’s behavior

Step 2: Establish the Need


Show how your plan will satisfy the audience’s need or solve its problem

Show why your solution will work

Step 3: Satisfy the Need


Demonstrate the benefits listeners will receive if your ideas are put into operation

Demonstrate the negative effects that will occur if your plan is not put into operation

Demonstrate the combined positive and negative effects of accepting or rejecting your ideas

Step 4: Visualize the Need Satisfied


Tell the audience exactly what to doRemind listeners of the connections

established throughout the speechStress specific advantages

Step 5: Ask for Action


How many main points are sufficient for most classroom speeches?

Quick Quiz

A. 1-3

B. 2-4

C. 3-5

D. 4-6


High-context culturesMuch of the information in communication

is in the context or in the person rather than in the actual spoken message.Examples: Arab, Japanese, Latin American

Low-context culturesMost information is explicitly stated in the

verbal message. Examples: German, Swedish, North

American

Cultural Considerations


The Introduction,Conclusion, and Transitions


The introduction gives listeners their first impression of the speaker and the speech, and sets the tone for the rest of the speech.

Functions of the introduction:Gain audience attentionEstablish a speaker–audience–topic relationshipOrient the audience by previewing the main points

The Introduction


Don’t apologizeDon’t promise something you won’t

deliverDon’t use gimmicks that gain

attention but are irrelevant to the speech

Don’t introduce your speech with ineffective statements

Faults in Introductions


The conclusion is often the part of the speech that the audience remembers most clearly.

Functions of the conclusionSummarize the speechMotivate the audienceProvide closure

The Conclusion


Faults in Conclusions

Don’t introduce new materialDon’t dilute your positionDon’t drag out the conclusion


Transitions are words, phrases, or sentences that help listeners follow the development of your thoughts and argument and get an idea of where you are in your speech.

Functions of transitionsTo connect presentation partsAnnounce a major propositionSignal conclusionIndicate contrast or exceptionPrecursor to next point

Transitions


The outlineIs a blueprint for the speechShould be started when you begin

constructing the speechHelps you see at a glance all the elements

of organization consideredEnables you to spot weaknesses in the

speech

Outlining the Speech


Construct a preparation outline using the following guidelines:

1. Start with a title or question.2. Outline the introduction, body,

and conclusion as separate units3. Insert transitions4. Append a list of references5. Use a consistent set of symbols6. Use complete declarative

sentences or phrases

Constructing the Outline


Other Outline FormatsPreparation Outlines

The main outline that is constructedTemplate Outlines

A pre-established format into which specific information is inserted

Delivery OutlinesConsisting of key words or phrases that

will assist the speaker in delivering the speech


Discussion Questions

Many students appear to give little thought to developing clear outlines for their speeches. Why do you think this is? What might be done to help them see the importance of developing a good, strong outline?

Saida and Soufiane have decided to present a persuasive speech on the need for people to recycle. How might they develop their speech by using the motivated sequence pattern?

Presentations & Public Speaking

Lecture 5 - organizing your speech