Organizing and Supporting your Speech

Basic Speech Structure:

Introduction

Body

Conclusion

Working outlines

Formal Outline:

• Typed with consistent font and style

• Consistent set of symbols to identify structure– Follows the rule of division

• Contains Complete Sentences– Do not use questions for points

• Follow Required Guidelines and Format– See Provided Example

From Outline to

Speaking Notes

Speaking Notes

• Do not use your formal outline

• Brief key word outline

• 3 X 5 cards; or speaker’s notes

• May want to put quotes,

• First/ last sentence on cards,

• major statistics,

• and notes to yourself

(slow down, smile, movement, breathe)

Develop Each Part of the Speech

Body – 70-80%

• Develop the Body before fleshing out the Introduction of Conclusion

• 1st, organize material in a logical order:

Organizing Speeches

•Time patterns/Chronological•Space Patterns/Spatial•Topic Patterns/Topical•Problem/Solution Patterns•Cause-Effect Patterns•Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

2nd, Insert Transitions and Internal Summaries

Transitions words and/or phrases which keep the speech flowing smoothly

Internal SummariesLonger than a transition

Includes a preview and review

Now, move on to the Introduction

Introduction – 10-15%

Should fulfill four functions:

1. Includes an Attention Getter: – piques the audience interest and gets them to listen– Should be the very first thing you say before you reveal

your topic

2. Create a connection between speaker and audience

2. Has a clearly stated ThesisA creative statement with one ideathat introduces your topic and focuses the attention of the audience on your main

goal

3. Offers a PreviewA statement that tells the audience about the main things

you will discuss in the speech

Finally, wrap it all up in the Conclusion

Conclusion – 10-15%

Provide a Brakelight

Recap Main Points/Relevance

Wrap up with a Clincher Statement(memory aid or support device are great to use here)

Use Clear Polished Ending

Giving your Speech Substance

SUPPORTING MATERIAL data you use to back up your points

Includes: Support Devices, Visual Aids, and Vocal Citations

Support Devices:

This is basically a way of presenting your research using these methods.

– Examples– Anecdotes– Analogies– Quotes

– Statistics– Definitions– Compare/Contrast– Narration

Establish the credibility of your support devices

•Use recognizable organizations and people

Or

•Be sure to tell us about the person or organization

Types of Visual Aids

Diagrams – line drawing showing the most important

parts (cell)

Objects – actual thing

Model – scaled

representation

Word Charts and Number charts

main points in speech;

Top 10 Pop/Rock Songs

Pie Charts – out of 100%Types of Dogs in a Competition

Bar and Colum Charts – compare variables

Line Charts Good to show changes over time

Guidelines for Visual Aids

• CVS Principle: a prescription for a great visual aid

– Clarity – easily understood– Visibility – at least 2 inch letters– Simplicity - rule of seven

• 7 words per 7 lines

•Follow the FUR Principle:•Helps others follow, understand, and remember

•Collegiate Quality

•Reliability – work, won’t backfire

Vocal Citations.

Give Credit to Your Sources

•Failure to provide proper credit is plagiarism

•A Quote ≠ a Vocal Citation•Ex: Mark Twain said it best when he said, “It takes three weeks to prepare a good impromptu speech.”

•Vocal citations include the name of the source – cite sources first

•Example: In the July 9 issue of the Daily News Gazette, 80% of all college professors were reported as saying that students do not use correct vocal citations.

•All statistics and quotes MUST have vocal citations.