Social & Ethical Aspects

Digital RadioDigital Television

IT systems in a social context

Digital RadioDigital Television

Areas Of Impact

Digital RadioDigital Television

News Article

Digital RadioDigital Television

Back

WhoWho BMW.BMW.

WhatWhat Offers options for cars to have a Digital Radio.Offers options for cars to have a Digital Radio.

WhereWhere

Why Why Digital Radio is getting popular.Digital Radio is getting popular.

HowHow Charging an Extra $500.Charging an Extra $500.

Back

WhoWho Pensioners and people with significant disabilities Pensioners and people with significant disabilities

WhatWhat Pensioners and people with significant disabilities will need Pensioners and people with significant disabilities will need substantial help to switch to digital television.substantial help to switch to digital television.

WhereWhere UKUK

Why Why The switch may not be affordable for others.The switch may not be affordable for others.

HowHow The BBC will pay for help for the over-75s and people with The BBC will pay for help for the over-75s and people with significant disabilities. significant disabilities.

Back

IssuesSocial ImpactStakeholders

BackStakeholders

Listeners Broadcasters

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantagesListenersListeners Better reception, not affected by Better reception, not affected by

area coverage & atmospheric area coverage & atmospheric conditions, e.g. Hill or basement.conditions, e.g. Hill or basement.Ease of use, no problems with Ease of use, no problems with

tuning and stations can be selected tuning and stations can be selected at a click of a buttonat a click of a button

Scrolling text, people can find out Scrolling text, people can find out what they’re listening to while what they’re listening to while

listening to the radio.listening to the radio.There are lots more stations to There are lots more stations to

choose from. choose from. DigitalDigital radios are more radios are more

sophisticated and often include extra sophisticated and often include extra functions, such as being able to functions, such as being able to

pause and record. pause and record.

Listeners won't be able to pick up Listeners won't be able to pick up local stations using satellite radio local stations using satellite radio

services, but they will have access to services, but they will have access to hundreds of stations offering a variety hundreds of stations offering a variety

of music genres. of music genres. Expensive to buy the equipment.Expensive to buy the equipment.

DigitalDigital radios tend to consume more radios tend to consume more power than analogue ones power than analogue ones

BroadcastersBroadcasters Better coverage, more people will Better coverage, more people will be able to hear their station.be able to hear their station.

More expensive to set up on digital More expensive to set up on digital Radio than Analog.Radio than Analog.

Back

Privacy – Information can be released about someone to the extent that everyone on the internet can hear it if they access the digital radio as there are no geographic boundaries.

Globalization – Any event can be broadcasted immediately on digital Radio and everyone can hear it. There are no geographic boundaries.

Equality of access – Only those that can afford it may have it.

PositivePositive NegativeNegative

EconomicEconomic More jobs provided as More jobs provided as there is new technology.there is new technology.

Digital Radio sets are Digital Radio sets are expensive and people can expensive and people can just use the normal analog just use the normal analog radio.radio.

PoliticalPolitical Defaming information can be Defaming information can be released about somebody released about somebody and it is easier to get away and it is easier to get away with as there are so many with as there are so many channels.channels.

CulturalCultural More cultures can be More cultures can be broadcasted, provides broadcasted, provides cultural awareness.cultural awareness.

People’s cultures may not be People’s cultures may not be broadcasted to lead to less broadcasted to lead to less diversity. diversity.

EnvironmentalEnvironmental Analog radios will be thrown Analog radios will be thrown out because of digital radio out because of digital radio replacement causing E-replacement causing E-waste.waste.

Ergonomic/HealthErgonomic/Health Tapping on the screen will Tapping on the screen will lead to RSI.lead to RSI.

Back

Back

IssuesSocial ImpactStakeholders

BackStakeholders

Viewers Film Industry Broadcasters

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

ViewersViewers Improved picture (e.g. no ghosting Improved picture (e.g. no ghosting effects, true widescreen) effects, true widescreen) Digital Quality sound Digital Quality sound More TV and new digital only radio More TV and new digital only radio channels channels "Red key" enhanced information services "Red key" enhanced information services & & Interactive content provided.Interactive content provided.

Can be rather expensive to set up.Can be rather expensive to set up.

Film IndustryFilm Industry Quality of sound and picture is Quality of sound and picture is better.better.

Every little detail can be seen so make-up Every little detail can be seen so make-up and details being filmed has to become and details being filmed has to become better.better.The industry will have to update its The industry will have to update its technology to keep up with Digital television. technology to keep up with Digital television. ExpensiveExpensive

BroadcastersBroadcasters Items can be offered and sold on Items can be offered and sold on the TV as there is an interactive the TV as there is an interactive service.service.

More complicated setup to analog More complicated setup to analog television. Have to upgrade system, television. Have to upgrade system, expensive.expensive.People may still prefer to use analog People may still prefer to use analog television service if it is still available.television service if it is still available.

Back

Globalization & Cultural Diversity – Leads to cultural homogeneity as television broadcasts have become better. There is less diversity.

Equality of access – Only those that can afford it may have it.

PositivePositive NegativeNegative

EconomicEconomic More jobs can be created More jobs can be created to develop this to develop this technology.technology.

CulturalCultural As there can be more As there can be more channels that can be channels that can be broadcasted, more broadcasted, more cultures can be cultures can be broadcasted.broadcasted.

As more channels can be As more channels can be broadcasted, more can be broadcasted, more can be exposed leading to less exposed leading to less diversity.diversity.

EnvironmentalEnvironmental More channels can be More channels can be broadcasted in one, less broadcasted in one, less waste and use for power.waste and use for power.

Short-life span therefore Short-life span therefore causing more e-wasting.causing more e-wasting.

Ergonomic/HealthErgonomic/Health Eye sight problems and RSI Eye sight problems and RSI due to tapping on the remote.due to tapping on the remote.

Psychological Psychological Won’t socialize as much as Won’t socialize as much as they have a form of they have a form of entertainment.entertainment.

Back

Back

Different Formats For Saving MusicMP3 Files

How Digital Radio WorksHow did Digital Radio emerge

Back

Different formats for saving music o MP3 – More popular method of transfer throughout the

internet.(More Detail)

o WMA – Format made by Microsoft with digital rights management built-in.

o WAV – Files are larger, occupies more disk space.o OGG – Open source codec means that no one has to

pay license fees to use unlike other formats.

BackHow do MP3 files work? ExplanationThe MP3 format is a compression system for music.

Why MP3 is an advantage?o Reduce the number of bytes in a song without hurting the quality

of the song's sound. o Compress a CD-quality song by a factor of 10 to 14 without

noticeably affecting the CD-quality sound. o A 32-megabyte (MB) song on a CD compresses down to about 3

MB. o Enabling download in minutes rather than hours, and more storage

available as files are smaller.

Back

Back

How Digital Radio works?

Back

How Digital Radio emerge?

Satellite radio is an idea over a decade in the making. In 1992, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated a spectrum in the "S" band (2.3 GHz) for nationwide broadcasting of satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS).

Back

Difference between Digital & Analog TelevisionHow Digital Television WorksHow Digital Television Works

High Definition TVHigh Definition TVHow Digital Television EmergedHow Digital Television Emerged

BackDifference between Digital & Analog Television

o ResolutionAnalog TV picture is much fuzzier than the digital TV image. There is a significant difference in picture quality that is even more obvious when the image is moving. (Example) A picture that is displayed on a small analog TV is better than on a big one. A digital signal can support a higher resolution, so the picture will still look good when shown on a larger TV screen.

o Digital TV offers much better sound.

o Digital TV offers better aspect ratio. (Explain)

o The video can be progressive rather than interlaced - the screen shows the entire picture for every frame instead of every other line of pixels.

o TV stations can broadcast several signals using the same bandwidth. This is called multicasting. Frees space for more digital channels.

o If broadcasters choose to, they can include interactive content or additional information with the DTV signal.

o It can support high-definition (HDTV) broadcasts.

This should highlight what Digital Television is.

BackBack

How Digital Television works?How Digital Television works?

Sound and pictures are converted into a digital format and Sound and pictures are converted into a digital format and compressed, using as few bits as possible to convey the compressed, using as few bits as possible to convey the

information on a digital signal. This technique enables several information on a digital signal. This technique enables several television channels to be carried in the space used by the television channels to be carried in the space used by the

current analogue signals to carry one channel. current analogue signals to carry one channel. Digital signals can be received by standard aerials, satellite Digital signals can be received by standard aerials, satellite

dishes or via cable. dishes or via cable. Decoded and turned back into sound and pictures by using a Decoded and turned back into sound and pictures by using a

separate set-top box, or a decoder built into your television.separate set-top box, or a decoder built into your television.

BackBackHigh Definition Television (HDTV)High Definition Television (HDTV)

A set of digital television (DTV) standards that offer the highest resolution and sharpest A set of digital television (DTV) standards that offer the highest resolution and sharpest picture. Although a few HDTV sets are available in standard screen sizes, the picture. Although a few HDTV sets are available in standard screen sizes, the

overwhelming majority are wide screen, which eliminates the letterbox effect when overwhelming majority are wide screen, which eliminates the letterbox effect when watching HD programs and movies in their original format. watching HD programs and movies in their original format.

Aspect ratio - Standard television has a 4:3 aspect ratio - it is four units wide by Aspect ratio - Standard television has a 4:3 aspect ratio - it is four units wide by three units high. HDTV has a 16:9 aspect ratio, more like a movie screen. three units high. HDTV has a 16:9 aspect ratio, more like a movie screen.

Resolution - The lowest standard resolution (SDTV) will be about the same as analog Resolution - The lowest standard resolution (SDTV) will be about the same as analog TV and will go up to 704 x 480 pixels. The highest HDTV resolution is 1920 x 1080 TV and will go up to 704 x 480 pixels. The highest HDTV resolution is 1920 x 1080 pixels. HDTV can display about ten times as many pixels as an analog TV set. pixels. HDTV can display about ten times as many pixels as an analog TV set.

Frame rate - A set's frame rate describes how many times it creates a complete Frame rate - A set's frame rate describes how many times it creates a complete picture on the screen every second. DTV frame rates usually end in "i" or "p" to picture on the screen every second. DTV frame rates usually end in "i" or "p" to denote whether they are interlaced or progressive. DTV frame rates range from 24p denote whether they are interlaced or progressive. DTV frame rates range from 24p (24 frames per second, progressive) to 60p (60 frames per second, progressive). (24 frames per second, progressive) to 60p (60 frames per second, progressive).

Digital Television Analog Television

Back

Resolution between Digital & Analog Television

Digital Television Analog Television

Back

Resolution between Digital & Analog Television

Back

Aspect Ratio Difference between Digital & Analog Television

BackPositivePositive NegativeNegative

Business & Business & EmploymentEmployment

More employment as there are More employment as there are more jobs created from the more jobs created from the development of this technology.development of this technology.

EducationEducation There are more channels available There are more channels available classed by genre, children can classed by genre, children can listen for educational reasons.listen for educational reasons.

Less time can be spent studying.Less time can be spent studying.

HealthHealth Fingers clicking on buttons looking for Fingers clicking on buttons looking for channel may cause RSI.channel may cause RSI.

Arts, Arts, Entertainment Entertainment & Leisure& Leisure

More can be broadcasted and put More can be broadcasted and put in the right channel, things can be in the right channel, things can be classed properly.classed properly.

There may just be too much to look There may just be too much to look throughthrough

Science & the Science & the environmentenvironment

More e-waste, as this will replace analog More e-waste, as this will replace analog radios. radios. Uses a lot of power.Uses a lot of power.

BackPositivePositive NegativeNegative

Business & Business & EmploymentEmployment

More employment as there are More employment as there are more jobs created from the more jobs created from the development of this technology.development of this technology.

More things can be done on TV, More things can be done on TV, telemarketing can be replaced so products telemarketing can be replaced so products can be sold on TV instead.can be sold on TV instead.

EducationEducation As more channels can be As more channels can be broadcasted, more opportunities broadcasted, more opportunities for educational channels.for educational channels.

More time can be spent watching TV More time can be spent watching TV instead of actually studying.instead of actually studying.

HealthHealth Bad for eyes as constantly staring at TV. Bad for eyes as constantly staring at TV. RSI as flicking through remote control.RSI as flicking through remote control.

Arts, Arts, Entertainment Entertainment & Leisure& Leisure

Games can be put and played on Games can be put and played on the TV. There can be music the TV. There can be music channels.channels.

There can be too much to look through. There can be too much to look through. People may choose to find entertainment People may choose to find entertainment on the TV instead of going out to do so.on the TV instead of going out to do so.

Science & the Science & the environmentenvironment

Generally short lifespan, causes e-waste.Generally short lifespan, causes e-waste.