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Due to the rapid rise of the internet and digitization,

Governments all over the world are initiating steps to

involve IT in all governmental processes.

This is the concept of e-government. This is to ensure

that the Govt. administration becomes a swifter and

more transparent process.

It also helps saves huge costs.

E-Governance stands for Electronic Governance or

Digital Governance.

It is the application of both Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) for

providing government services.

It also includes interchange of statics, communication

proceedings, integration of various independent

systems and services.

E governance has gained more popularity in

convoluted business world.

Many management scholars have described the concept

of e governance which is emerging as an important

activity in the business field.

It is established that E-governance is the application of

information and communication technologies to

transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency

and accountability of informational and transactional

exchanges with in government, between government &

govt. agencies of National, State, Municipal and Local

levels, citizen & businesses, and to empower citizens

through access & use of information.

•Government-to-Citizen (G2C)

•Government-to-business (G2B)

•Government-to-Government (G2G)

•Government-to-Employee (G2E)

Government to Citizen (G2C): The primary aim of

Government-to-citizen is to supply facilities to the

citizens. It also helps the ordinary people to minimize

the time and cost to carry out a transaction. A citizen

can retrieve the facilities anytime from anywhere.

Government-to-business (G2B): The Government-to-

business is the interchange of services between

Government and Business firms. It is productive for

both government and business firms. G2B provides

access to pertinent forms needed to observe. It also

contains many services interchanged between business

sectors and government.

Government-to-Government (G2G): The Government-

to-Government mentions the interaction between

different government departments, firms and agencies.

This increases the efficiency of government processes.

In G2G, government agencies can share the same

database using online communication.

The government departments can work together.

This service can increase international discretion and

relations.

Government-to-Employee (G2E): The Government-to-Employee is the internal part of G2G section.

It aims to bring employees together and improvise knowledge sharing.

It provides online facilities to the employees.

Similarly, applying for leave, reviewing salary payment record and checking the balance of holiday.

The G2E sector yields human resource training and development.

Cost reductions and revenue growth

Increased legitimacy of government

Flattens organizational structure (less hierarchic)

Reduces paperwork and red-tapism in the

administrative process which results in better planning

and coordination between different levels of

government

Improves delivery and efficiency of government

services

Improved government interactions with business and

industry

Citizen empowerment through access to information

More efficient government management

Less corruption in the administration

Presence: This is a simple stage classified for

providing the website's nature, sometimes as a

Brochure ware.

Interaction: This stage offers simple interaction

between the Government and Citizens, Business,

Employees, and Government. It also implies G2B,

G2C, G2G, G2E.

Transaction: This stage refers to the trade for paying

license renewals and taxes or fees and submitting a

procurement contract.

Transformation: This high stage means the idea of

Governance which involves the reinvention of the

Government's functions.

The two main objectives of E governance are ,

1. It’s to restore the democracy to its true meaning with

the help of improvisation of the participation of the

citizen in the governing process by giving feedback

and access to information and overall participation of

the citizen in the decision making.

2. It enables the people to know the policies of the

government.

Computerization: In the first stage, with the

availability of personal computers, majority of

Government offices are well equipped with computers.

The use of computers began with word processing,

quickly followed by data processing.

Networking: In this stage, some units of a few

government organizations are connected through a hub

leading to sharing of information and flow of data

between different government entities.

On-line presence: In the third stage, with increasing

internet connectivity, a need was felt for maintaining a

presence on the web. This resulted in maintenance of

websites by government departments and other entities.

Generally, these web-pages/ web-sites contained

information about the organizational structure, contact

details, reports and publications, objectives and vision

statements of the respective government entities.

Online interactivity: A natural significance of

on-line presence was opening up of

communication channels between government

entities and the citizens, civil society

organizations etc. The main objective of this

stage was to lessen the scope of personal

interface with government entities by providing

downloadable Forms, Instructions, Acts, Rules.

Challenges identified as

1. Trust,

2. Resistance to change.

3. Privacy and security concerns

4. Unequal access to the computer technology by the

citizen,

5. High initial cost for setting up the e government

solutions and resistance to change.