Revolutions of 1830 and 1848FranceFrance

Background:•Congress of Vienna had restored the monarchy (after Napoleon)•Louis XVIII became king•A constitution was put into place: Charter of French Liberties.• 2 house legislature• Limited freedom of press•When Louis XVIII died his brother Charles X inherited the throne.•Charles supported absolutism.

Charles suspends the Charter of French Liberties;Limits the right to vote;Restricts press.

July 1830

Liberals and radicals throw up barricades in the streets; they fireon soldiers and throw rocks.Within days they control Paris.

Charles abdicates and flees to England.

“Citizen King” Louis Philippe Owed throne to the people

•Cousin of Charles X•Had supported 1789 revolution•Ruled under a constitutional monarchy

BUT over time…•Extended vote to only the wealthy•Working people grew poorer; middle class and aristocracy wealthier

Once again, discontent with leadership of country would lead to yet another revolution

Some reformers were planning a banquet…

…the government said LA LA LA.

Protestors took to the streets!

Louis Philippe abdicated (gave up the throne)…

…say good bye to the monarchy.

Louis Napoleon for President!(N’s nephew)

Second Republic (First between Revolution and Napoleon):•All adult men received right to vote•Fueled women’s rights movement•Inspired other revolutions in Europe

But then…

Louis Napoleon wanted to stay past his 4 year term…

•Arrested members of National Assembly who opposed him;•Called for a vote on whether he could write a new constitution;•Voters said YES•Louis Napoleon became EMPEROR NAPOLEON II•The SECOND EMPIRE begins.

The Second Empire

• Increased voting rights;• Many new railroads;• Increased trade & improved communications.BUT…• 1870 began a war with Prussia: Franco-

Prussian War.• Napoleon captured; surrenders to Prussians.

The Third Republic

•Primary education for children 6-13;•Trade unions legalized;•By 1900 working hours reduced;•1906 act requiring employers to give workers one day off a week.

Early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but confusion of the nature of that monarchy, and who among the various deposed royal families would be awarded the throne caused those talks to stall and made the Third Republic, originally intended to be a transitional government, to become the permanent government of France.The Third Republic lasted until 1940 when Germany invaded at the beginning of WWII.

The rest of the story…well, in a nutshell…