Fascism, Nazism, Fascism, Nazism, Militarism, and the March Militarism, and the March

Towards WarTowards War

World positions World positions Aggression and Aggression and

Appeasement Appeasement

FascismFascism

Nationalistic, Authoritarian Nationalistic, Authoritarian Benito Mussolini started in Italy in 1919Benito Mussolini started in Italy in 1919 Supremacy of nation and leaderSupremacy of nation and leader Authoritarian rulers Authoritarian rulers No set ideologyNo set ideology Use of secret police to enforce their rule Use of secret police to enforce their rule

Terror a major political tactic Terror a major political tactic

Economics Leads to Control Economics Leads to Control

In Italy, Germany, and Japan leaders use In Italy, Germany, and Japan leaders use the great depression as a way to gain the great depression as a way to gain control LEGALLY!control LEGALLY! Germans gave Hitler power to stand up to Germans gave Hitler power to stand up to

communistscommunists King of Italy gave Mussolini power to try and King of Italy gave Mussolini power to try and

appease the working class and maintain the appease the working class and maintain the monarchymonarchy

Japanese parliament severely limited with no Japanese parliament severely limited with no civilian control of the military. Military uses civilian control of the military. Military uses Emperor to gain control Emperor to gain control

Beginnings of AggressionBeginnings of Aggression

Japan invades Japan invades Manchuria Manchuria

League of Nations League of Nations too weak to impose too weak to impose any real threatany real threat

Japan leaves the Japan leaves the League League

Mussolini and Imperialism Mussolini and Imperialism

Invades Ethiopia Invades Ethiopia Wants to return to Imperialism Wants to return to Imperialism Ethiopian Emperor appeals to League Ethiopian Emperor appeals to League

of Nations of Nations Condemn the attacks Condemn the attacks British still allow supplies through the British still allow supplies through the

Suez Suez Europe trying to avoid war at home Europe trying to avoid war at home

Hitler Hitler

Creates a larger army than that Creates a larger army than that allowed by the Treaty of Versailles allowed by the Treaty of Versailles League mildly objects League mildly objects The posters in Germany that said The posters in Germany that said

“Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” “Today Germany! Tomorrow the World!” should have been a significant clueshould have been a significant clue

Europe is war weary and trying to get Europe is war weary and trying to get through the depression and does not through the depression and does not want to start another conflict want to start another conflict

Hitler on the March Hitler on the March

Germany marches into the RhinelandGermany marches into the Rhineland Buffer Zone between France and GermanyBuffer Zone between France and Germany Industrial areaIndustrial area

Appeasement the talk of the day Appeasement the talk of the day Do not want another warDo not want another war Later Hitler admits he would have backed Later Hitler admits he would have backed

down had France and Britain challenged down had France and Britain challenged this move this move

Axis PowersAxis Powers

Mussolini sees the weakness of Mussolini sees the weakness of Europe and forms an alliance with Europe and forms an alliance with Hitler Hitler

Japan allies itself with Germany one Japan allies itself with Germany one month later month later

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

Germany and Italy see this as an Germany and Italy see this as an opportunity to spread Fascism opportunity to spread Fascism

General Francisco Franco leads the General Francisco Franco leads the Fascist revolt against the young Fascist revolt against the young republicrepublic Hitler and Mussolini send troops and Hitler and Mussolini send troops and

supplies to help the causesupplies to help the cause The rest of Europe stays out of the The rest of Europe stays out of the

conflict and Franco wins the war conflict and Franco wins the war

So where is everyone So where is everyone anyway?anyway?

Why didn’t Europe catch the warning Why didn’t Europe catch the warning signs? Why didn’t the United States signs? Why didn’t the United States get involved?get involved?

US is stuck in a period of isolationism US is stuck in a period of isolationism Do not want to get involved in another Do not want to get involved in another

costly European conflict costly European conflict Neutrality Acts ban loans and the sale of Neutrality Acts ban loans and the sale of

arms to any nation at war arms to any nation at war

And Europe?And Europe?

Too busy cleaning up the mess from Too busy cleaning up the mess from WWI to truly pay close attention WWI to truly pay close attention

Dealing with their own internal Dealing with their own internal problems from the Great Depression problems from the Great Depression

Why start another war if Hitler just Why start another war if Hitler just wants a little more room? wants a little more room?

ActivityActivity

Read Western Democracies Fail to Halt Read Western Democracies Fail to Halt Aggression pgs 434-435Aggression pgs 434-435

You are an advisor to a European You are an advisor to a European Democracy and you do not believe in Democracy and you do not believe in appeasement as a viable strategy. Try and appeasement as a viable strategy. Try and persuade other world leaders to stand firm persuade other world leaders to stand firm and denounce Hitler and Mussolini’s and denounce Hitler and Mussolini’s aggression with strong action. Use evidence aggression with strong action. Use evidence to support your claim that action now could to support your claim that action now could prevent a larger war.prevent a larger war.