• Understanding the Era:

– The Enlightenment pushed for “rationalization”

– New idea.. Be “irrational” (be true

to yourself and nature, explore dreams and fantasy)

- Questioned - What moves man to do things?

- Opposed to conflict, questioned laws, gov’t, religion (anything that ties one down)

– Romantic Era (Freud, Marx, Dickens, Three Musketeers and Robin Hood,

– Beethoven and Shelley – Mary and Percy)

Percy – “The world will be a better place…

– Napoleon = A Robin Hood Hero

• Corsica – French Occupation

• Angry young guy

• 9 – Military School

• Why?

• Brutal and smug warrior

• By 23 – A General!– Great Irony – A Nationalist!

• Great leadership abilities – General• 1799 – Directory is weak

– Coup d’état – “bloodless”– Streamlines government– National Bank of France– Napoleonic Code (fair regulated legal system)

• Individual liberty, equality before the court, free enterprise

– Concordat - Reopens the Churches (even though he’s a non-believer)

– Tax Reforms– Lycees, public works – sewers, statues, Arc de Triompe– 1802 – Appointed Head of State

Arc de Triomphe

• During the French Revolution women fought for equal rights

• “Declaration of the Rights of Women” – 1793 = National Razor

• Napoleonic Code…2nd class– Property of father or husband

• 1945 = Equal Rights

Olympe de Gouges

• Egypt & Danube – great victory• Marengo – great loss?

• 1810 – Europe is his!• Age 40 – 70 million!• No heir!

• What about Britain?• How to attack?• Navy?• Balloons/tunnels?• Embargo?• Russia!

• French occupation is Brutal!– Assassination attempts, obsessed with winning

• Thinks he’s infallible and invincible

• 1812 – The Grande Armee – 650K• The Greatest Russian Warrior! (1940, too!)

• 1814 – surrender – exile

• 1814 - Louis XVIII – restored

• Everything is restored (borders, laws, rule)

• France is stunned!

• 1815 – Napoleon is bored and hears rumours.

• The big escape!

• What happens when he makes landfall?

• The Grande Armee is restored!• Austrians are quickly defeated before Brits arrive.• Nap meets Wellington at Waterloo.• 40K vs 20K (with higher ground)• Outdated techniques• Prussians arrive from behind!• Defeat!

• Very remote

• Poor treatment

by British troops

• 1821 – health fails (age 51)

• Rumours

• What does it all mean? What are the consequences?

• Louis XVIII• Congress of Vienna – 1814

• Italian Nationalism• German Nationalism• European Revolutions

The Rise of Nationalism

– 1794 – Poland– 1796 – White Lotus – China– 1789 – Irish– 1804 – Serbian– 1808 – Madrid– 1810 – Mexico, Paraguay, Venezuela– 1812 – Korea– 1820 – Spain and Portugal – Peru, too!– 1821 – Greece– 1822 – Mexico IND– 1824 – Russian (Decembrists)– 1825 – Indonesia– 1830 – French again– 1830 – Belgium IND– 1832 – Algeria– 1837 – Canada– 1841 – Afghanistan– 1848 – France, Italy, Germany IND– 1848 – Hungary– 1851 – China– 1854 – Spain IND– 1857 – India– 1859 – Italy– 1866 – Japan– 1867 – Irish– 1867 – Canada IND– 1868 – Puerto Rico IND– 1875 – Herzegovina – 1876 – Bulgaria– 1896 – Philippine IND– 1903 – Macedonia IND– 1905 – Iran– 1907 – Romania– 1908 – Turkey– 1910 - Mexico

Examine the Ripple Effect from 1789:

What was the result of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era?

The End• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bneJnNxC8Ig• Today, Napoleon is buried in 6 places... WHY??

St Jerome's Chapel

A Question to Think About

• How could the key concepts we’ve been discussing be applied to France?

– collective consciousness– national identity– national unity– contending national loyalties– forms of nationalism