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Napoleon’s Empire
Napoleon was a war hero at the time of the French Revolution.
He forced his way to a disorganised “Directorio” and
made himself emperador.
Social Achievements
• Napoleonic Code: same laws for all people (except women and slaves )
• Lycees: Public Schools for all• Concordat: Patch relationship with
Catholic Church• National Bank and Tax Reform: To fix
France’s financial Problems
Empire Abroad
Americas:
• Louisiana territories
• Guiana
• Saint-Domingue (Haiti)
However…Sells Louisiana Territory to U.S. for $15 million to finance war, spite British
Slave revolt in Saint-Domingue creates world’s first black republic (Haiti
Ambitions in Europe:
Emperor of France
Controls : Spain Confederation of Rhine, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Italy, Kingdom of Naples, Switzerland
Europe Empire Map
Napoleon Reaches His Peak from 1807-1812…
But, Problems Are Forming:
.
• France’s Empire is huge and difficult to control
Three Costly Mistakes:
1. The Continental System
2. The Peninsular War
3. The Invasion of Russia
Continental System - November 1806
A blockade designed to cut England off from Europe– To destroy British trade– To exclude it from Europe’s affairs
Problems with Continental SystemWas not executed correctly –
Weakened economy of France
Made others rebel against Napoleon
The Peninsular War - 1808
• Portugal ignored Continental System• Napoleon sent army through Spain • to overthrow Royal Family• Spanish towns rioted in • Napoleon deposed Spanish king • He made his brother king of Spain and
Portugal• Port. Royals fled to Brazil,
This made the Spanish angry
– Very loyal to king
– Engaged in 5 years of guerrilla warfare, which cost Napoleon 300,000 troops
– Other countries like Germany and Italy also started guerrilla warfare
Goya- picture of an execution during the Spanish Civil War
3rd mistakeInvasion of Russia - 1812
Invading Russia = Napoleon and Czar of Russia were allies
– Napoleon thought that czar was selling grain to Britain
– N. feared that czar wanted Poland from France– N. decided to invade Russia
Invasion of Russia
• June, 1812: 420,000 Grand Army enters Russia
• December 1812: 10,000 surviving soldiers leave Russia
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7uYKnmpllk
Sept. 14, 1812: Entered MoscowCzar ordered it burned down
– ScorchedEarth Policy: EVERYTHING destroyed to keep from French:
– Barefoot, starving soldiers attacked by Russians– deaths and desertions
– Temperature: on one day, -30º: Birds fell dead from sky
Results
• Oct. 1813 - N. no longer has trained army -• Jan. 1814 - Austrians and Russians enter Paris• April 1814 - Napoleon abdicates, accepts
surrender written by czar
• Napoleon given pension and banishment to Elba
100 days
• New French king: Brother of Louis XVI installed as ruler
• New French king unpopular
• Napoleon escapes Elba and lands in France
• Within days, becomes Emperor again and Louis XVIII flees
Waterloo
• Fought between Napoleon and British
• June 15-17, 1815: French lost
• Exiled to St. Helena
• Died 6 years later
After Napoleon
• In 1815. the nations that had joined together to defeat Napoleon (Austria. Russia. Prussia and Britain) held a meeting - the Congress of Vienna..
• .
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte
1769 – Napoleon Bonaparte born August 15, 1769.
1796 – Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnias.
1796 – Napoleon made commander of Army of Italy.
1798 – Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign.
1799 – Napoleon becomes member of Consulate government.
1802 – Napoleon named first consul for life.
1804 – Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of France.
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte 1810 – Napoleon marries Marie Louise.
1812 – Napoleon reaches Moscow.
1814 – Napoleon forced to abdicate, exiled to Elba.
1815 – Napoleon returns to France, defeated at Battle of Waterloo, exiled to St. Helena.
1821 – Napoleon Bonaparte dies May 5, 1821.
• England • 1760-1815 George III
• 1815-1830 George IV