Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Kirklees Family Information Service
Presented by:Julie WalkerFiona LaneCatherine Wood
Date: Friday 27th August 2010
• Background and Objectives
• Methodology and Sample
• Overview: Seeking Parental Information
• Key Information Sources• Friends and Family
• GP
• Health Visitor/Midwife
• SureStart
• Schools
• Use of Internet and Social Media
• Case Studies
• Information Journeys
• The Ideal Information Source
• Summary and Recommendations
Order Of Presentation
Background
The Kirklees Family Information Service (FIS):• Acts as centre of information for the seven localities • Offers free information and advice to local families• Ensures the physical, mental and emotional health of young children and families,
safeguarding them from harm and neglect and aids them to receive acceptable education, training, recreation, social and economic support
The following information and services are expected to be provided and available to those who need it:
Research was required to involve parents in the development of the FIS
Objectives
• To explore topics that parents require information/assistance or advice on in relation to their child
• To seek where and how parents look for information/advice and support
• To identify the overall awareness that parents have of the FIS
• To understand the impact of geographical location in the Kirklees area
• To identify whether parents use the Internet and Social Media as a source of information and advice
• To explore and establish what constitutes the ideal in terms of the range of topics/issues covered and where parents can access information/support
Methodology
3 x community immersion days conducted, each consisting of a series of 30 minute depth interviews with parents from Dewsbury, Skelmanthorpe and Dalton
Dewsbury
Ravensthorpe Community
Centre
Friday 6th August
Total: 20 parents
Skelmanthorpe
Skelmanthorpe Library
Wednesday 11th August
Total: 20 parents
Dalton
Greenfields Family Centre
Friday 13th August
Total: 17 parents
Sample
Total (57)Expectant Parents 6
Parents with children under 5 23
Parents with children aged 5-11yrs 14
Parents with children aged 12-16yrs 4
Parents with children aged 17-19yrs 10
TotalParents of children with a disability 3
Disabled parents 1
Lone parents 10
Teenage parents 4
BME parents 15
Fathers 5
Mothers non BME, in a relationship 27
The sample we achieved over the three areas reflects the targets requested as shown below:
• In Dalton we spoke to a relatively high proportion of lone parents, with 6 speaking to us on the day
• In Dewsbury 15 out of the 20 parents we spoke to had BME backgrounds
• In Skelmanthorpe of the mums we spoke to more tended to stay at home with children until school age
Overview: Seeking Parental Information
Parents Reactive to Seeking Information
• When seeking information parents are often reactive to their child and family circumstances
• Many are unlikely to seek information unless driven by a specific need or concern
As a consequence:
• Parents can be unsure where to seek information if they have not encountered a specific concern previously
• Awareness of alternative information sources can be limited
PASSIVE approach to seeking information
ACTIVE approach to seeking information
Driven by specific need
Routine Drives Parents Choice of Information Source
• Parents appear to have a tried and tested routine of information sources for specific issues
• Some frustration and uncertainty encountered when parents are directed to multiple sources for information
As a consequence parents often do not look outside these sources and default to sources they ‘know’ and ‘trust’
Health of child Learning and Education
GP School
Development of child
Health visitor
Friends and Family
Reluctance to Seek Information from “Professional” Sources
• Evidence of an inherent lack of trust for authorities and formal information routes
• Issues with accessing information via professionals include:– Not providing tailored information– Lack of trust in validity of information– Feeling that some issues should remain private – Concern that parents will be judged
This view was echoed particularly by certain groups:
• Single and teenage/young parents – Often feel circumstances are different and want tailored information to reflect this
• BME parents - Strong sense that certain issues should be dealt with by the parent / remain within the family, rather than seeking external information
I wouldn’t feel comfortable talking to someone who didn’t really know me or my child about bringing them up. I think you often just get text book answers (Mum, child aged 2, Dewsbury)
If I was married and in my 30’s I’d probably feel happier talking to professionals (Single mum, child aged 10, Dalton)
“
“
Key Information Needs
Information must be tailored to the individual child and family circumstances
Clear signposting towards information (particularly for more specialist topics)
Desire for information in one place / easily accessible from one source
I want to know what the childcare is that I can easily get to from here that is local, I don’t want to have to search through everything in the whole of Kirklees (Mum, child aged 2, Skelmanthorpe)
“
(Across parents of all ages) desire for information on activities and clubs for family
and children*
I just wouldn’t know where to go to get information on activities to do around here. I have tried everything (Mum, child aged 5 and 11, Dalton)
“There isn’t anywhere that you can get information on all the childcare providers in the area, there are bits here and there but nowhere with everything in one place (Mum, child aged 1 & 3, Dalton)
“* Could be heightened by time of fieldwork during summer holidays
Finding Information on Childcare and Relevant Activities Applicable to All Ages
0 – 1 year old • Childminders• Family activities
• No one source stated as delivering all information needs relating to childcare and relevant activities
• Information quoted as often being disjointed and difficult to find
Under 5’s• Childminders• Pre schools/Playgroups• Family activities
5-11 year olds • Before and After School Clubs• Holiday clubs• Family activities
12-16 year olds• Before and After School
Clubs• Holiday play schemes• Family activities
17-19 year olds • Activities for the family
Parental Concerns and Information Sources Vary Dependent Upon Age of Child
0 – 1 year old• Health and development
of child• Emotional wellbeing of
parent
• Friends and Family• Midwife• Health visitor• GP• SureStart• Internet• Red Book
12-16 year olds• Financial concerns• Relationship with child• Learning/development
• Friends and Family• School• Internet
Under 5’s
• Behaviour/discipline• Childcare• Learning/development• Health and development of
child
• Friends and Family• Health visitor• GP• SureStart• Internet
5-11 year olds • Behaviour/discipline• Learning/development
• Friends and Family• School• Internet
17-19 year olds • Jobs/further education• Drugs/Alcohol• Sexual health• Emotional wellbeing of
parent• Financial concerns
• Friends and Family• Connexions/Job Centre• Internet
Key Information Sources
Key Information Sources
Friends and Family
Schools
Health Visitor/Midwife GP
Internet
The most prominent information sources to parents of all aged children are:
SureStart
Friends and Family Often First Port of Call
• Finance: trusted advice• Discipline: non judgemental• Health: knowledge of child and experience • Activities/childcare: share experiences
Why use? What topics?
Speak to those who have previous experience as they trust their advice Always available A quick reference Know personally so can give tailored advice to their situation
Key requirements
• Confidentiality: (keep issues within the family/ close group) • Personal experience: of child and family• Honest opinion: that parent can trust • Accessibility and reassurance
Why use over other sources?
Parents are reluctant to be seen as ‘demanding’ or ’over-worrying by professionals, so ask friends/family first to check whether there is need to seek further professional advice
Key motivators to turn to family and friends for information are
routine and trust
GP is The Default Health Professional
• Health (physical and emotional): the most obvious place to seek advice from
Why use? What topics?
Key Requirements Why use over other sources?
A confidential source of knowledge Professional advice Free Knowledge of family history (occasionally) Suitable for all ages
• Confidentiality• Medical expertise• Professionalism• Understanding of individuals needs• Referral to other agencies/services for
help
• Medical expertise – The serious health issues that the parents can’t deal with alone• Understanding of individuals needs and has a knowledge of the family history
Key motivation for seeking information from GP is expertise
and knowledge in area of health
Why go anywhere else?“
Midwife/Health Visitor - The Professional Friend
Informal ‘professional friend’ at home Medical knowledge Experience Tailoring advice to personal needs Built up relationship Convenience and availability of drop in
centres
• Physical health and development (e.g. feeding, weaning, sleeping, growth, diseases/illnesses, routines)• Emotional health (parent and child)• Toddler groups/childcare
Why use? What topics?
Key Requirements
• Referral to other services• Confidentiality• Medical expertise• Understanding of individuals needs• Personal experience (of having children or looking after children)
Why use over other sources?
I rang my health visitor the other day, I know I can ring her whenever if I have just got something I am not sure about (Mum, child aged 3, Dalton) “
It is professional advice in a informal, comfortable manner, with someone they already have a relationship with
Key motivation for seeking information from Health Visitor is trust and relationship often built up over time
Teachers know the children Local knowledge ‘Professional’ opinion Experience Updates on development Different perspective on the child Can raise issues or concerns
• Behavioural/discipline advice• General development• Child’s emotional wellbeing• Activities/clubs• Employment/future
Why use? What topics?
• Understanding of circumstances• Offer a different perspective• Availability/ Accessibility• Personal/ Professional experience• Approachable• Informal
Key Requirements Why use over other sources?
• Understanding of child and needs (more so at primary school)• Qualified professionals with experience
The use of school in providing information is often quite reactive to concerns
School Can Provide An Extra Perspective
SureStart Offers ‘One Stop’ for Impartial Information
Referred by health visitor/other service/friends/other parents
Information on a range of topics/activities Accessible Friendly/Informal/Non-judgemental Free service
• Behavioural/Discipline• Childcare• General development• Physical and emotional health of both child and parent
Why use? What topics?
Key Requirements Why use over other sources?
• Variety of information• Free service • Accessible• Becoming a ‘one stop’ place for information that people need
• Offer a range of services and advice • Can speak to parents and professionals• Local• Free• Impartial
Despite mixed awareness of SureStart, for those using it as an
information source it offers informal, friendly advice on a
variety of topics
No/limited Awareness of FIS
The majority of our sample were unaware of the Family Information
Service
Some uncertainty regarding the format of the Family Information
Service (telephone vs. face-to-face)
From the name would expect the service to provide a variety of
general parenting information e.g. childcare, local services
Expectations
Understanding
Awareness “
“
“
Can’t say I’ve ever heard of it, where is it? (Mum, Child aged 2, Dewsbury)
Is that something like the tourist information centre where you can get leaflets? (Dad, Child aged 10, Dalton)
I’d expect them to know about local childcare facilities (Mum, Child aged 4, Skelmanthorpe)
Use of Internet and Social Media
Mixed Internet Use
Across the sample there was mixed use of the Internet
Parents in Skelmanthorpe were more likely to have Internet access than other areas and therefore were using it more often as parenting information source
Main usage of the Internet began with a Google search
A minority use forums to discuss and share experiences with other parents
These parents were more likely to sign up for e-mail notifications/newsletters
“ ““I find the e-newsletters really useful, being a first time mum your never sure how and at what stages your baby should be developing (Mum, Child aged 3 Skelmanthorpe)
If I am ever unsure about something I will just type it into Google and see what comes up (Dad, Child aged 2, Dewsbury)
When my baby wasn’t sleeping I used to be up all night and I’d find myself on the Internet Googling baby illnesses and scare myself with the horror stories (Mum, Child aged 9 months, Skelmanthorpe)
Internet – Offers Mix of Fact and Opinion Based Information
Why use? What topics?
Why use over other sources?
Key Requirements
Informal Can tailor information received Anonymous Easily digestible information (compared to textbooks) Offers fact and opinion Accessible/Easy to use/Convenient Wide range of sources
Fact based topic such as - Physical and emotional health, childcare, activities/clubs and employment, local environment / information
Opinion based topics such as behaviour, discipline, health, food intolerances,
Private issues such as finances, discipline, relationship breakdown, family tension and drugs/alcohol
Accessible from anywhere anytime A range of information and sources e.g. from professional advisors and the general public Anonymity Up to date/ latest information Free information
A quick way to receive any form of information without the aid of other people, therefore good for private issues
Internet has a role to play for some parents in providing a mix of fact, opinion and for private topics
Key Websites Used
NHSdirectNetdoctorsBBChealthGoogle
Health Development Parenting Forums Activities/childcare
PampersCow & GateNHSdirectBaby centreNetmumsEmma’s diaryGoogle Kelly mums
Baby centreCow & GateNetmumsEmma’s diaryGoogle Kelly mums
Kirklees councilGoogle searches
Majority of Parents Cannot See Role For Social Networking Sites
Barriers to use Motivations to use
Access – mixed levels of Internet access across Kirklees
Lack of understanding – limited computing knowledge and understanding of how social networking sites could provide parenting information
Anonymity – Social networking sites are generally not anonymous, which could lead to parents not wanting to discuss parenting issues
Wariness over source – if the source of the group was not set up by a professional body then some parents would feel uneasy about sharing/discussing information
Could potentially provide tailored and relevant information eg. local to the area Opportunity to share experiences
Parents were asked reactions to using social networking for parenting information needs
Concerns about privacy plus confused role of Social Networking
sites in providing parenting information act as barriers to use
I use other forums but no one knows who you are on them, I couldn’t rant about my step mum on facebook! (Mum, child aged 1 and 3, Dalton) “
Internet – Some Feeling Kirklees’ Website Is Not User Friendly
Why use? Suggested Improvements
• Desire for easy to find list of local activities and childcare providers with contact numbers, updates on what activities are open and how much they cost
• Opportunity to provide tailored information
• Opportunity for parental involvement via e-mail notifications and forums
• Potential for FIS to have more standout on website
• For some parents experiences of it being first port of call in searching for local area/factual information: including: Clubs/Activities/ Childcare providers
Key frustrations with website
• Confusing navigator – parents often found it difficult to find specific information on the website, going through various links to get to the section required
• Experiences of not being able to find all the information in one place on the site
Potential role for Kirklees Council website to provide local, relevant and up-to date information
Minimal usage of Kirklees Council website
Information Journey
Example Information Journeys
Childcare Health Activities/ Clubs
Whilst talking to parents key recurring themes regarding information journeys relating to certain
issues can be mapped… taking each in turn…
Information Journey – Childcare
Advise best and worst places to take child in the local area To act as child carers when needed
To look for local services, contact details and costs To search for what aid parents are entitled to for childcare
and how/where to apply
No Main Route!Parents may find themselves using numerous avenues as there is no one main route to find this informationLesser used information sourcesJob Centre, Toddler Groups and Schools
1. Friends and family
3. SureStart
2. Internet
To look for local services, contact details and costs To search for what aid parents are entitled to for childcare
and how/where to apply
Information Journey – Activities/Clubs
Information sent home regarding six week holiday clubs and activities General information received by some parents regarding SureStart and after school clubs
Parents with children under 5 able to take them here and received a advice on other places they could go outside of SureStart× Issues with not being able to take older children was a problem for parents with children of different ages
Leaflets of activities within and outside of the Library(NB. However, this may have been skewed in Skelmanthorpe as we interview people within the Library)
For activities and clubs there did not appear to be any set information journey just many places which people accessed information, below are the key sources:
School
Websites
SureStart
Library
Googling for local activities/clubs × Many tried the Kirklees Council website but found it confusing and difficult to use
Information Journey - Health
To check information received from friends, family or GP Also used as a reference tool if unable to reach a Doctor
The information journey is affected by seriousness of health issue, if serious will seek medical support first, however, if not urgent will refer to friends and family first
1. Friends and family
3. Internet
2. Healthcare provider
Informal advice offered particularly if they have experience of raising children Immediacy
GP• More “serious” issues• Physical health issues
Health Visitor• Still need professional advice
but less urgent• Perceive there to be less of a
need for medication• Health and Development
queries
NHS Direct• Out of
hours/emergency queries
• As a double check/reassurance
Case Studies
Name: JillAge: 31Household Composition: Lives at home with her husband and Rose her only child who is 2 years old
Attitude towards parenting: Jill wants the best for Rose and reads a lot of information and is usually trying to find out more. She sees herself as a bit of a paranoid parent but her motto is:
‘Do your research first’Concerns: As Rose is Jill’s first child she worries about everything under the sun – but her main concerns are Rose’s general health and her development
Key information sources: She uses a lot of information sources – the main being her parents but also family and close friends that have children. She is also likely to use the Internet – but this is usually reactive i.e. if there is something potentially ‘wrong’ with Rose before booking a doctor’s appointment if needed
The ideal information: A face-to-face is preferred (giving a personal touch) from someone who has children of their own (a non preacher). Info about the local area and availability of things such as toddler groups are key as Jill doesn’t think this is kind of information is currently available in Skelmanthorpe
Case Study: ‘Two parent household with 2 year old, Skelmanthorpe’
Case Study: ‘BME parent, 5 and 7 year olds, Dewsbury’
Name: Aamina Age: 25Household composition: Single parent, living with my two children Isabella (5) & Jacob (7)
Attitude towards parenting:Generally feel that I am good parent, but I have been concerned about how my divorce has affected my children – due to the fact that my family and I are not on good terms now
Concerns:My main concerns centre around environmental/local issues. Currently we are living in a predominately white area and we have experienced some racial attacks. I am concerned for my children’s safety and their emotional wellbeing
Key information sources: I used to contact my family when I had any concerns, but since the divorce my relationship with my family and the religious leader has become strained. My main contact now is with the GP
The ideal information:Local leaflets posted to parent’s homes with all relevant information included
It’s hard because I don’t speak to my family anymore, the GP is the only person I can really go to
“
Case Study: ‘Mum, 14 and 17 year olds, Skelmanthorpe’
Name: Jayne
Age: 42
Household composition: Husband, and two children Jake (14) and Gemma (17)
Concerns: I’ve worried about Gemma, her social circle and use of alcohol and drugs has been an issue in the past. Now I just worry about her emotional well-being with her moving out soon to go to University, I just want her to be ok
Attitude towards parenting:I just want what is best for my children, I don’t want everyone knowing the badthings they have done so keep issues private
Key information sources: For some things I will go to friends and family but for more personal seriousIssues we either keep it within the family or go to the GP as it is confidential
The ideal information: Face to face informal conversations, confidential, with someone who is knownto the family or the Internet as it is anonymous
“I was worried that if I contacted an agency about Gemma’s drug use that social services would be contacted, so we dealt with it privately
Case Study: ‘Mum with disabled child aged 17, Dewsbury’
Name: Jessica
Age: 37
Household composition: Married with three children Joseph (6), Mathew (8) and Rebecca (17)
Attitude towards parenting:I am a busy parent; I’m constantly looking after my children and makingsure that they are happy and have lots of things to do
Concerns: Main concern centres around Rebecca who has Downs Syndrome. Generally I am only concerned for her development, as if I have any ‘health’ concerns for her then I take her to the hospital or contact her personal health visitor
Key information sources: With Rebecca’s condition being so widely acknowledged I am constantly ‘Googling it’ online to see what new information is out there for me to learn about it. I find it comforting to be able to speak to other parents who have children with Downs Syndrome too on forums The ideal information:As I have such a hectic life – the ideal information for me would be online: as it is readily accessible and I can look at it whenever I need to
I don’t worry about Rebecca’s disability because we have so much support from the hospital and the health visitor
“
Case Study: ‘Single Parent, 14 year old child, Dalton’ Name: Sue
Age: 32Household Composition:Single parent with daughter Becky (14) has lived in Dalton all her life, working part timeAttitude towards parenting:Sometimes concerned that she has missed out on her life by being a young mum. Relaxed attitude towards parenting, especially as Becky has got older Concerns:Becky attending school and getting a job and low cost family activities for
single mums and their childrenKey information sources:
Feels that the primary school teachers had a better understanding of Becky than her secondary school does. Family are a key source of information, most friends have younger children so she gives them more information than they give her. Wouldn’t think of going to the Internet for parenting advice although does use it for e-mail/social networking. Used to use SureStart but had issues with it.
The ideal information: Would like more information on the Internet about the local area and
things for them to do together
As a young mother I felt judged going to SureStart as the other mums barely spoke to me, there was no-one my age for me to relate to, but I still went for Becky, I didn’t want her to miss out
“
The Ideal Information Source
Ideal Face to Face Information Must be Tailored and Accessible
• Overall there was a preference for information delivered in a face to face situation– understanding of individual child and circumstances meaning that information
can be related directly to child
• Drop in centre to provide flexibility for parent to attend• Easy to find/accessible/central location
Delivery
Location
Topics• Topics best delivered face to face are those requiring more
tailored solutions e.g. health, discipline/behaviour/learning and development
• The suitability of those delivering information is drive by their experience of children but also to some extent experience of the local area
• Trusted sources are therefore often other parents or those who have had children and who know/live in the local area
• Information must be delivered in a non judgemental and impartial way (as experienced currently with SureStart)
Preference For Group or 1:1 Communication Varies Depending on Needs
• To share experiences and learn from other parents who may be going through/have gone through similar
• Useful when parents want information on a topic without focusing in/targeting them personally
• Ability to offer generic information
Groups One to One
• Tailored advice to parent and child/family
• Often more appealing for more private and sensitive issues
• Useful for prominent/more serious issues
Groups offer key benefit of sharing experiencesOne to one situations offer key benefit of providing individual
and tailored information
Written Information Must be Directly Delivered to Parents
• Information more likely to be accessed if delivered directly to parents:
• Door dropped leaflets• E-mail notifications• Council magazine
• Website forums offer an anonymous route to chat about parenting issues and share experiences in parents own time
Delivery
Format
• Information must be clear and up-to-date• It must also be easily accessible • For online this means:
• obvious links• search facilities by topic and by area• all in one place/key directory
• Like face to face information there is also a requirement for it being tailored and personal e.g. information relevant to local area, child’s age
Topics
• Topics giving you facts / generic information such as childcare providers
• Private issues – eg. drugs, relationship breakdown, discipline• Activities in the area• Online booking system for activities in area
Telephone Information Must be Clear In Its Role
• Currently the only telephone information source used was NHS direct helpline – used in emergency and as a ‘back up’
• Parents not immediately aware of the role telephone could play as an information source
Delivery
Format
• Free-phone or local number• Clear what information will be provided via telephone • Like face to face and written information there is some
requirement for telephone information being tailored and personal e.g. information relevant to local area, child’s age etc
Topics• Directory to point parents to the right information source• Topics not needing an understanding of the individual ie. Fact
based topics such as information on childcare providers
Summary and Recommendations
Summary
• Awareness of information sources is dependent on previous family experiences• Parents often rely on information sources they know and trust• Strong informal networks of close knit family and friends mean that parents may resist the
idea of any formal support• This is particularly prevalent amongst single/young and BME parents • Key sources of information for parents are: family and friends, Health Visitor, GP,
SureStart and School• Use of the Internet is mixed, with higher prevalence in Skelmanthorpe• The Internet tends to be used as an information source for factual, practical topics or more
private and sensitive areas• The majority of parents do not see a role for using social networking sites in helping with
parenting information due to privacy concerns and lack of understanding as to how they would benefit
• SureStart appears a key source of providing information on a range of relevant topics, delivered in an accessible way and successfully signposting to other information sources. There is still however mixed awareness of SureStart
• Any information delivered to parents ideally must be tailored in someway to meet their needs
• In order to be credible, information delivered face to face ideally must come from someone with previous experience of children (either professional or personal)
Recommendations• Some of the information needs identified by parents in Kirklees are, in fact, already available
• Specifically the services provided by the FIS are of some interest and could meet information needs identified within this research, particularly around the topics of:
• Information on choosing childcare, children’s centres and activities
• There is therefore clearly a need to:
• raise awareness of what is available – information needs to go directly to them rather than waiting for parents to proactively seek information
• address existing concerns that unable to access this information all in one place- potentially this could be done if easily accessible via the website
In terms of raising awareness potential suggestions are:
– Working with other agencies such as SureStart to create referrals
– Communicating with parents from birth – promoting in the Bounty pack
– Clearer and easier to find promotion of FIS on the Kirklees Council website
– Promoting via community outreach events to create WOM
– Providing newsletter e-mails with up-to-date and relevant information
Recommendations
• Clear opportunity to provide more universal information for parents with school aged children which is not seeking to address specific problems, rather provide general help and advice
• An area relevant to school aged children is information on controlling their child’s eating behaviour and motivating them to be more active in order to help them lose weight
• There is some support for the idea of having a forum for parents to share experiences and ideas
• Opinions over what format this type of support should be provided in (group vs. one to one vs online) are very mixed and very reliant on individual needs, issues that need to be discussed, etc
Appendix
Dewsbury Sample Breakdown
TotalParents of children with a disability 1
Disabled parents 0
Lone parents 2
Teenage parents 2
BME parents 15
Fathers 1
Mothers non BME, in a relationship 2
TotalExpectant Parents 3
Parents with children under 5 9
Parents with children aged 5-11yrs 4
Parents with children aged 12-16yrs
2
Parents with children aged 17-19yrs
2
20
Skelmanthorpe Sample Breakdown
TotalExpectant Parents 1
Parents with children under 5 8
Parents with children aged 5-11yrs 4
Parents with children aged 12-16yrs 1
Parents with children aged 17-19yrs 6
20
TotalParents of children with a disability 1
Disabled parents 1
Lone parents 2
Teenage parents 0
BME parents 0
Fathers 2
Mothers non BME, in a relationship 16
Dalton Sample Breakdown
TotalExpectant Parents 2
Parents with children under 5 6
Parents with children aged 5-11yrs 6
Parents with children aged 12-16yrs 1
Parents with children aged 17-19yrs 2
17
TotalParents of children with a disability 1
Disabled parents 0
Lone parents 6
Teenage parents 2
BME parents 0
Fathers 2
Mothers non BME, in a relationship 9
Julie WalkerAssociate [email protected] 205 7000
Research carried out in compliance with the International Standard ISO 20252
Optimisa ResearchAnglia HouseHolly ParkLeedsLS28 5QS
Optimisa Research209 – 215 Blackfriars RoadLondonSE1 8NL
Key contact details
