Slides by Dr Eoin O'Dell at Copyright Law for Digital Teaching and Learning, May 2014

&

Images via http://www.tcd.ie and http://teachingandlearning.ie

@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

Copyright TeachingReform Learning

Dr Eoin O’Dell, School of Law, TCDChair, Copyright Review Committee

4

Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jobsenterinnov/10571664844/in/photostream/ used by kind permission of DJEI

Copyright Review Committee


Image source: http://pixabay.com/en/flat-food-cake-cartoon-desserts-25430/

Established 9 May 2011


Terms of Reference

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Vaticanus_B,_2Thess._3,11-18,_Hebr._1,1-2,2.jpg


Terms of Reference

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Vaticanus_B,_2Thess._3,11-18,_Hebr._1,1-2,2.jpg


1 Examine copyright legislation to identify barriers to innovation

2 Recommend solutions

3 Examine fair use

4 Make EU Recommendations

Digital-compliant / tech-neutral

1 First public meeting (04/07/11)2 First round of submissions3 Paper (29/02/12)

Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg


Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf

#CRC12


4 Second public meeting (24/04/12)5 Second round of submissions

incl online questionnaires

6 Report (01/10/13)Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg


Image sources: http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/Picts/cathach.shrine.jpg and http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf

#CRC13


#CRC13

Image sources: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg and : http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf


Image source: http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/en/Publications/CRC-Report.pdf


7 Third public meeting (09/12/13)8 DJEI - “thinking / listening” mode9 New Act? 2014?? #CRC14



©http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ & http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/ & http://www.briarpress.org/684


Copyright Council

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg


Copyright Councilcreated by the copyright community as an independent self-funding body with a widely representative Boardrecognised by the Ministersupported and underpinned by the Bill



Copyright Council

AlternativeDisputeResolutionService

Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/6275331005/sizes/o/in/photostream/


Copyright Council

OrphanWorks

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_kennington_orphans_1885.jpg


Copyright Council

Education, Advice, Advocacy



OrphanWorks

Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/copyrightconsultation.htm


©http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Printer_in_1568-ce.png


RightsownersDid not recommend levies

Remove unintended potential perpetual copyright in unpublished works

Extend the range of civil remedies, incl - damages- rights of rightsowners to

enforce TPMs

http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Printer_in_1568-ce.png


Photographers

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photographers_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg


©Image sources: http://www.google.com and http://www.youtube.com


OrphanWorks

Image source: http://www.mcgarrsolicitors.ie/2012/05/10/newspaper-licencing-ireland/


Linking not an infringement of copyright …

(draft Section 87A(1) CRRA)

Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/34547181@N00/4309431757/

Linking


… unless linker knew or ought to have known that it linked to infringing copy

(draft Section 87A(2) CRRA)

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpg


a hyperlink is not enough to constitute communication to the public

Paramount v BSkyB [2013] EWHC 3479 (Ch) (13 Nov 2013)

[32] (Arnold J)

Image sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sky_logo.svg and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paramount_Pictures_logo_(2013).jpg


a clickable link is a communication but not “to a new public”

Svensson v Retriever Sverige AB

Case C-466/12 CJEU 13 Feb 2014 [25]

Image source: http://books.google.ie/books?id=hxxAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA385#v=onepage&q&f=false


Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling

Marshalling


Marshalling

Reproduction of a very small snippet of text reasonably adjacent to the link

< 160 characters or 2.5% of the workSubject to a cap of 40 words

Draft section 87A(3)-(6) CRRA


Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling

©Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/


UGC

Parody

Private copying

Back-ups

Education

Disability

Consumers

Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/

etc


UGC

Parody

Private copying

Back-ups

Education

Disability

Consumers etc



Fair dealing

Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stow_Horse_Fair_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1576355.jpg


Fair Dealing: Education

“the purposes of research or private study” (s50)

“in the course of instruction or of preparation for instruction” (s53(1))

“anything done for the purposes of an examination” (s53(5))

Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif



Mary scanned Olive’s diagram

Sources http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg



Mary scanned Olive’s diagram

Powerpoint - “instruction” (53(1))

Moodle - “private study” (s50)

Assessments - “examination” (53(5))




Images: http://www.ucc.ie http://www.cch.ca/_images/sections/CCH_Logo.gif and http://www.lsuc.on.ca/images/imgLSUCLogo.png

[2004] 1 SCR 339, 2004 SCC 13

v



“the purposes of education, research or private study (s50)”

“in the course of education or of preparation for education” (s53(1))

“illustration for education” (s57)




Mary took 10min clip from movie.

http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg




Section 53 doesn’t mention films.

Does section 55 (showing film for purposes of instruction) cover it?





If not, would new section 55 (showing film for purposes of education) cover it?

If not, would new section 57(1), on illustration for education, cover it?



Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg

Distance

Learning



Distance

Learning


not a copyright infringement if (a) an educational establishment communicates a lesson or examination to a student by telecommunication, and (b) the student reproduces it in order to be able to listen to or view it at a more convenient time.

Use of work

available on

the internet



Use of work

available on

the internet



not a copyright infringement if an educational establishmentreproduces or communicates a work that is available through the internet; provided that the reproduction or communication is accompanied by a sufficient acknowledgement.

UGC

Parody

Private copying

Back-ups

Education

Disability

Consumers


etc


UGC

Parody

Private copying

Back-ups

Education

Disability

Consumers etc



Section 104 CRRA

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg


A designated body may

(a) make a copy of a work for the purpose of modifying that copy to meet the special needs of a person who has a physical or mental disability, and

(b) supply that modified copy to that person, …

Section 104 CRRA



Reform s104 CRRA to allow for • expanded definition of disability• making single copies for

personal use• designated bodies sharing

accessible copies • obligations on publishers


Disability@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled

Adopted on 27 June 2013

Image sources: http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marrakesh_spices.jpg


Contracting parties must adopt provisions to allow for the exchange of these accessible format works across borders by designated bodies

http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marrakesh_spices.jpg & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html

#CRC13


Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/barnier/headlines/news/2014/04/20140430_en.htm


DFA/DJEI: sign “by end of June”

©


Special innovation exception

for works which are substantially different from the original work or substantially transform the original work

Draft section 106E CRRA

Entrepreneurs


©Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684


Heritage

Archives, Galleries, Libraries, Museums, etc

• Format shifting for archival or preservation purposes

• Catalogues• Digital deposit


Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684

Heritage

Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))

The brief and limited display of a reproduction of a work

(a) for educational purposes in an educational establishment or other heritage institution

constitutes “fair dealing”…



Heritage


The brief and limited display of a reproduction of a work

(b) during a public lecture given in an educational establishment or other heritage institution

constitutes “fair dealing”…



Heritage


The communication of such a reproduction, through the internet or otherwise,

constitutes “fair dealing”



Heritage


Mary scanned Olive’s diagram for a Powerpoint slide in a lecture; and took a 10min clip from a movie for a lecture.

How would 69A(2) apply?


http://www.briarpress.org/684 & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg

Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/St._John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Warsaw_–_Relief_-_06.jpg

fairuse


Fair Use: US-style?

Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us.html


Image sources: http://www.cambridge.org/ and http://www.gsu.edu/

863 F Supp 2d 1190 (ND Ga, 2012)

v


Fair Use: US-style?


Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us.html

Fair Use: Irish-style


Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html

Existing exceptions Examples of fair useMust be considered before getting to fair use analysisCan provide basis of analogy for finding of fair use




turns on “such matters as the court considers relevant”

including “any or some or all” of up to 9 factors (not just 4 as in US)




Analogy with existing exceptionsPurpose and character of use- eg non-consumptive or transformative- eg secondary infringementNature of workAmount and substantiality of use

Factors




Impact of use on normal commercial exploitation of workPossibility of obtaining work or licence (“sufficient rights”)Interests of owner (Berne)Acknowledgement

Factors




Copyright Council

Education, Advice, Advocacy





http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg



If ss53 (fair dealing) and 55 (showing film for instruction/education) don’t apply, and

if new ss57(1) (illustration for education) and 69A(2) (lectures) don’t apply,




Fair Use: Education


If ss53 (fair dealing) and 55 (showing film for instruction/education) don’t apply, and

if new ss57(1) (illustration for education) and 69A(2) (lectures) don’t apply,

could fair use?



Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/consultations/2013/copyright-rules/index_en.htm



“… formal proposals for legislative reform arising from the [CRC] Report in 2014” (p2)

Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf

7 Third public meeting (09/12/13)8 DJEI - “thinking / listening” mode9 New Act? 2014?? #CRC14



9 New Act, 2014 !! #CRC14


Linking & marshalling

Education

UGC

Personal use

Format shifting

http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html


Linking & marshalling

Education

UGC

Personal use

Format shifting

http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html

http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-redx-1.html


Copyright Council

Innovation

Heritage

Fair Use

Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nothing_stone.jpg


Almost

Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/labourparty/5386120714/


Image “Rolling Elvi” by Peter Clarke on Flickr. Source: ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/clarkzip/7973863568/

Image “Rolling Elvi” by Peter Clarke on Flickr. Source: ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/clarkzip/7973863568/

Thank you very much

Any Questions?

&

Images via http://www.tcd.ie and http://teachingandlearning.ie Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ie/


Copyright TeachingReform Learning

Dr Eoin O’Dell, School of Law, TCDChair, Copyright Review Committee

4