1. The Digital Closet:Discriminatory Filtering and LGBTQ*Information on the InternetEthical Issues for Teachers, Librarians, &ParentsAlvin M. Schrader, PhDAdjunct Professor, iSMSS[Institute for Sexual Minority Studies &Services], andProfessor Emeritus, University of Albertaalvin.schrader@ualberta.cawww.ualberta.ca/~aschradeAugust 2014

2. This version has been updated withfindings from several studies,including a 2014 ALA report, andnews accounts of U.K. filteringRevised from original Slideshare upload entitledThe Digital Closet & Global Access to LGBTQ*Information: Ethical & Empirical Considerationsfor Schools, Libraries, & Parents (July 14, 2014)Based on a presentation to the 2014 InformationEthics Round Table held at the University ofAlberta on April 26, 2014 3. Internet filtering~ Internet content filters~ LGBTQ* targeting by filters~ viewpoint discrimination~ filtering as censorship of websites andsocial media~ LGBTQ* and other lawsuits in the U.S.~ limitations of Internet filters LGBTQ* the rainbow community LGBTQ* rights in the world Library associations and IntellectualFreedom Educational associations and LGBTQ*policiesOutline3 4. IntroductionGlobal information rightsand social responsibility areessential foundations foruniversal human rights in21st century digitalenvironments.4 5. 5Discriminatory practicesperpetrated by Internet contentfilters prevent access toinformation about LGBTQ*minorities.Internet filters silence LGBTQ*voices, render them invisible, andperpetuate homophobia, biphobia,and transphobia. 6. What are Internet Content Filters? A rudimentary form of artificial intelligence softwareprograms constructed by commercial vendors withunknown credentials and hidden agendas. Designed to censor digital content consideredobjectionable, by targeting keywords, phrases,URLs, and subject blocking categories determinedby computer algorithms. Other blocking methods are bandwidth consumption,protocols, file types such as .mp3, image files suchas .jpg, dynamic categorization, and whitelists oftencombined with security and firewall features. Most filters block entire webpages and websites.6 7. What are Internet Content Filters? (2) Many libraries do not operate filters directly but aresubject to state library, library consortium, or local orprovincial/territorial/ state government systems ofwhich they are a part. Digitally literate users, especially young people, useproxies and other tools to circumvent filters. Filters are black boxes resistant to transparency andpublic accountability. Keyword lists, subject blocking categories, and othermethods are individually selected and constructed byeach vendor and are therefore highly idiosyncratic.7 8. Why and How are Internet Filters Used? Filters in schools and libraries (and at home) createfalse security and complacency among governmentofficials, school and library administrators, teachers,librarians, and parents. Government funding for Internet access in librariesand schools in the U.S. requires or is believed torequire that filtering software be used. IT administrators and school and library decision-makerstypically set filters to the most restrictivelevels. Unblocking websites requires human interventionand usually requires justification to the ITadministrator a very intimidating prospect not only8for staff in schools and libraries but also for studentsand library users. 9. Flaws of Internet Content Filters Filters are driven by extreme secrecy. Blocking decisions and blocking content categoriesby vendors and programmers are value-laden,agenda-driven, idiosyncratic, non-standard, andsecret. Filters both overblock (false positives) andunderblock (false negatives) at unacceptable rates,because cultural and linguistic dynamics transcend,and are always beyond the reach of, algorithmicfunctionality. Filters are perpetually imperfect for bothtechnological and cultural-linguistic considerations.9 10. Flaws of Internet Content Filters (2) No mass-imposed, one-size-fits-all filter will satisfyeven the dominant elite because consensus is afiction. Mass-imposed filters privilege a narrow range ofvoices and render minority viewpoints invisible. Filters impede~ student and adult learning, freedom of inquiry, andthe right to read;~ violate the right of students and adults to accessconstitutionally protected information; and,~ curtail student and adult development of criticalskills for understanding and negotiating thedigital world.10 11. Reasons to Oppose Internet Filtering Outsourcing value systems that undergird democracyand human rights to anonymous third-parties is apoor model for~ digital curricula and education;~ individual student responsibility;~ freedom of expression and the right to receiveexpressive communications;~ social justice; and,~ democratic citizenship. The Internet is the critical source of information foryoung people in the 21st century, particularly LGBTQ*adolescents and allies. Young people in poverty and those living in rural areasare the most vulnerable, so having access to the11Internet solely through filters is dangerous to their 12. LGBTQ* Communities and Filters Filters engage in viewpoint discrimination. Filers censor LGBTQ* information andwebsites. Filters silence LGBTQ* minorities and makethem digitally invisible. Average coming-out age is 15, but of first self-awarenessis 10, and the key factor is Internetaccess to information.12 13. LGBTQ* Communities and Filters (2) By denying access to LGBTQ* information, filters~ harm LGBTQ* and questioning young people;~ impede adolescent identity formation and reinforceLGBTQ* negative self-concepts;~ sustain and augment marginalization,stigmatization, discrimination, scapegoating, gaybashing, bullying and cyberbullying;~ increase sexual health risks for gender and sexualminorities;~ intensify othering (marginalizing) and compoundaddiction, depression, suicidality, and other mentalhealth issues;~ exacerbate the digital divide especially in rural andpoor communities;~ stifle public understanding and acceptance;~ perpetuate invisibility and ignorance; and,13~ obstruct and impede LGBTQ* growth into resiliency. 14. What is Resiliency?14 Resiliency is the ability to adapt to andbounce back from lifes changes, adversities,and setbacks. When we are resilient, we are able toharness our inner resources to keep goingforward. Resiliency and mental health are intertwined. 15. What is Viewpoint Discrimination? Restricting constitutionally protected speech15(discourse, text, images, all forms of humancommunication) based on the ideas andviews expressed in that speech. Overblocking errors in filtering functionalityresult in viewpoint discrimination. 16. Overblocking errors in filteringfunctionality result in viewpointdiscriminationalt.sexy.bald.captainbreastcoupleSuper Bowl XXXIgroin injuryThe Beaver [magazine]VictimsofPornography.orgDirtyPicturesBand.comAmerican UrologicalAssnTheSmokingGun.comonline nursing examLesbian.orgImplantinfo.comPFLAGSexHelp.comprescription drugsHustler entry in WikipediaWW II history websiteMoby DickDickArchie R. Dykes MedicalLibrary16 17. Netsweeper, a Canadian filter, initiallyclassified the website of Little SistersBook and Art Emporium, an LGBTQ*bookstore, as pornography.[Classification was changed in 2008 after beingchallenged]CyberSitter: We filter anything thathas to do with sex. Sexual orientation isabout sex by virtue of the fact that ithas sex in the name.17Other examples of viewpointdiscrimination 18. Content Blocking CategoriesAnti-Gay Filtering PracticesBlocking categories constructedby various filters that deliberatelyhide LGBTQ* websites Education.lifestyles Lifestyle Lifestyle and culture Sex education Sex education/sexuality Sexuality Sexual materials18 19. Content Blocking Categories (2)Anti-Gay Filtering PracticesBlocking categories constructedby various filters that explicitlyname LGBTQ* websites Gay/Lesbian Topics Gay or Lesbian or BisexualInterest Homosexuality LGBT19 20. Example: Blue CoatScope note on Blue Coat filtersLGBT content blocking categorystates:Websites that provide referencematerials, news, legal information,anti-bullying and suicideprevention information, and otherresources for LGBT people or thatrelate to LGBT civil rights. [They]do not contain sexually explicitcontent and are generally suitablefor viewing by all age groups. 20 21. This is what Blue Coat actuallydoesBlocks: The Advocate Magazine good.as.you.org bilerico.com pamshouseblend.com glsen.org towelroad.com GLAAD AMERICAblog Gay Human Rights Campaign joshseefried.comAllows: American Family Assn National Org forMarriage Family ResearchCouncil Glenn Beck Ann Coulter Rush Limbaugh Red State BreitbartThis filter is used by many U.S. schools21and the U.S. Pentagon 22. Filtering as Censorship 2002Kaiser StudyA 2002 study tested how much impact 7filters had on access to teen healthinformation22 Symantec SmartFilter Websense AOL ParentalControls BESS N2H2 CyberPatrol 8e6See no evil: How Internet filters affect the searchfor online health information. Kaiser FamilyFoundation, 2002www.kff.org/entmedia/20021210a-index.cfm 23. Teen information websites aboutGay Health were subjected to themost severe levels of censorship(60%), followed by sites aboutCondoms (55%) and Safe Sex (50%).See no evil: How Internet filters affect the searchfor online health information. Kaiser FamilyFoundation, 2002www.kff.org/entmedia/20021210a-index.cfm23Many other topics of criticalimportance to teens, of all identities,were also censored. 24. Teen health information blocked by the 7 filtersHealth Sites Blocked by Filters:http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/Chart-Pack.pdf(Chart 3, Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002)http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/Chart-Pack.pdf 24 25. The 7 filters blocked access tothese specific health informationwebsites for teenswww.femalehealth.com [female condomwebsite]www.gayhealth.comwww.goaskalice.columbia.edu/www.hivchannel.com/prevention/safesex/www.teenwire.com [Planned Parenthood teenwebsite]www.youngwomenshealth.org/spherpes25See no evil: How Internet filters affect the search foronline health information. Kaiser FamilyFoundation, 2002www.kff.org/entmedia/20021210a-index.cfm 26. Filtering as Censorship 2009 SouthDakota Public Libraries Study2650% of libraries had been asked bypatrons to unblock filtersPatrons reasons varied hotmail, datingservices, drug research for prescriptions,school project researchDoes Filtering Stop the Flow of Valuable Information?: A CaseStudy of the Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) in SouthDakota, by Candice Spurlin and Patrick M. Garry, Patrick.South Dakota Law Review, 2009 27. Filtering as Censorship 2011 ACLUcampaign Dont Filter Me!The American Civil Liberties Unionlaunched a campaign to test accessthrough school computers to 8 well-knownwebsites~ 5 gay-affirmative sites~ 3 anti-gay (pray-away-the-gay)sitesDont Filter Me! American Civil Liberties Union,2011https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights/dont-filter-me-final-repo2r7t 28. Day of Silence It Gets Better Project The Trevor Project GSA Network Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education-N--e-t-w--ork National Association for Researchand Therapy ofHomosexuality People Can Change Parents and Friends of Ex-Gaysand Gays28Websites tested for Dont FilterMe!Dont Filter Me! American Civil Liberties Union,2011https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights/dont-filter-me-final-report 29. Findings by Dont Filter Me!29~ Filters blocked the pro-LGBTQ*websites~ Filters allowed the anti-LGBTQ*websitesDont Filter Me! American Civil Liberties Union, 2011https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights/dont-filter-me-final-report 30. Findings by Dont Filter Me! (2)These filters were found to engagein LGBTQ* viewpoint discrimination Blue CoatSystems Fortiguard LightspeedSystems30 M86Solutions URLBlacklist WebsenseDont Filter Me! American Civil Liberties Union, 2011https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights/dont-filter-me-final-report 31. Filtering as Censorship 2012AASL StudyA 2012 study found that 94% of U.S.schools use a filter to censorobjectionable online content.Over half of U.S. schools said thatfilters:~ impede student research~ discount the social aspects of learning~ go beyond U.S. CIPA (Childrens InternetProtection Act) requirements31 32. U.S. schools use filters toblock various socialnetworking media~ social networking sites- 88%~ im/online chatting - 74%~ online gaming - 69%~ video services - 66%School Libraries Count 2012! Supplemental Reporton Filtering, American Association of SchoolLibrarians, 2012ala.org/aasl/filtering-schools32 33. Filtering as Censorship 2012 U.S.National Technology Access Survey33Public libraries not applying forfederal E-rate discounts to avoidcompliance with legally requiredCIPA filtering:Urban - 44% (612011-2012 Public Library Funding and Technology Access Survey:Survey Findings and Results, by John C. Bertot et al.,Information Policy & Access Center, June 19, 2012libraries)Suburban - 30% (350 libraries)Rural - 28% (532 libraries)Overall - 29% (944 libraries) 34. Filtering as Censorship 2013PEW StudyA study of U.S. middle and high schoolteachers found that 97% of schoolsemploy:Internet filters, andCell phone use policies, andAcceptable Use Policies (AUPs)How teachers are using technology at home and in their classrooms.Pew Research Center Internet & American Life Project, 2013http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Teachers-and-technology34 35. 1/3 of all surveyed teachers sayfilters have a major negativeimpact, but the % variesdepending on who and where theyteach:~ lowest income students . . . . . . . . . . . .49%~ students in large metro areas & cities .37%~ students in small towns . . . . . . . . . . . .28%~ highest income students . . . . . . . . . . . .24%How teachers are using technology at home and in their classrooms.Pew Research Center Internet & American Life Project, 2013http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Teachers-and-technology35 36. Filtering as Censorship 2010 & 2013Surveys by Project Tomorrow36Belief that their access to the Internetand websites is inhibited by filters andfirewalls:45% - teachers, 201036% - teachers, 201348% - students grades 6-8, 201358% - students grades 9-12, 2013Project Tomorrow, Speak Up National Findings, May 2010www.tomorrow.org/speakup/pdfs/SU09UnleashingTheFuture.pdfPresentation at the National Symposium, American LibraryAssociation and Google, Inc., Washington, DC, July 29-30, 2013. In:Fencing Out Knowledge: Impacts of the Childrens Internet ProtectionAct 10 Years Later,by Kristen R Batch, American Library Association, June 2014 37. Filtering as Censorship 2013 RhodeIsland Schools StudyRhode Island schools block 89 categories of digitalSocial Opinion category blocks websites of the American CivilLiberties Union, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals,the National Organization for Marriage, and PlannedParenthood, and other content deemed controversial,inappropriate, or time-wastingObscene/Tasteless category blocks explicit graphical or textdepictions of such things as mutilation, murder, bodily functions,horror, death, rude behavior, executions, violence, andobscenities37content, for example:American Civil Liberties Union of Rhode Island, Access Denied:How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education, February 2013http:// riaclu.org/images/uploads/Access_Denied-_How_Internet_Filtering_in_Schools_Harms_Public_Education.pdf 38. Filtering as Censorship 2014 ALAStudy of Schools and Public Libraries~ Filtering is not the answer. Instead, educate students onresponsible use, and reframe AUPs as Responsible UsePolicies.~ Widespread overreaction, fear, and myth have triggeredmisunderstanding and imprudent over-implementation offiltering in schools and libraries, resulting in unconstitutionalInternet censorship far beyond the 3 narrowly definedcategories of visual images prohibited by CIPA in 2000 namely, visual depictions deemed obscene, childpornography, and harmful to minors.~ Federal law does not mandate blocking controversial ideas,political viewpoints, or digital platforms. Fencing Out Knowledge: Impacts of the Childrens Internet Protection38Act 10 Years Later, by Kristen R Batch, American LibraryAssociation, June 2014 39. ~ Federal Communications Commission (FCC) enforcement ofCIPA makes it a civil, not a criminal, matter, requiring schoolsand libraries merely to file a certification of compliance, andno school or library has ever been found out of compliancesince 2001.~ Filtering negatively impacts those who can benefit most fromschool and public library access the 60 million Americans inrural and low-income communities who are without access toeither a home broadband connection or a smartphone.~ Filtering creates two classes of students an advantagedhigher-income class with unfiltered home access, and adisadvantaged lower-income class with only filtered schooland library access.~ Filtering provokes not only negative educationalconsequences Fencing Out Knowledge: but negative Impacts of social the Childrens and ethical Internet consequencesProtectionAct 10 Years Later, by Kristen R Batch, American Library39as well.Association, June 2014 40. ~ As solutions to hacking, copyright, cyberbullying, and valueissues, schools and libraries are illegally blocking Internetcontent and legitimate educational resources as well associal media, social networking, interactive, user-generated,and collaborative tools, platforms, and websites.~ Filtering restricts learning opportunities to prepare studentsto be responsible users, consumers, and producers of onlinecontent and resources.~ Filtering compromises school and library goals of digitalcitizenship, digital inclusion, digital literacy and media skills,and digital ethics and online social behaviour goals vital forfuture opportunity, post-secondary success, and careerreadiness, as well as for full democratic and economicparticipation in cyber society.40Fencing Out Knowledge: Impacts of the Childrens Internet ProtectionAct 10 Years Later, by Kristen R Batch, American LibraryAssociation, June 2014 41. ~ Filters are black boxes lacking transparency andaccountability.~ Filtering places decision about what content will be censoredin the hands of third-party vendors, not librarians, who havemarginal control over filtered content.~ Filtering poses fundamental challenges to intellectualfreedom, violates basic principles of librarianship andlibrarians core professional values, and is incompatible withthe democratic right to receive information.~ Blocking categories constructed by vendors reflect targetmarkets and the specific values and agendas of individuals,groups, or even countries not librarians professional values,principles, and standards of classification, collectiondevelopment, and freedom of access.41Fencing Out Knowledge: Impacts of the Childrens Internet ProtectionAct 10 Years Later, by Kristen R Batch, American LibraryAssociation, June 2014 42. ~ Key responsibility for implementing school and library filteringrests with technology directors, whose individual attitudesaffect the application of content filtering as much or more thanwritten policies, and whose influence has been overlookedand seldom examined.~ Expert findings about filtering from congressionally mandatedstudies are being ignored.~ Few studies measuring filtering performance have beenconducted since 2008.~ This is a critical time to recognize the unequal and unevenimpact of CIPA and filtering practices.42Fencing Out Knowledge: Impacts of the Childrens Internet ProtectionAct 10 Years Later, by Kristen R Batch, American LibraryAssociation, June 2014 43. The British government orderedthe big 4 ISPs to impose opt-outfiltering (not opt-in) on all U.K.customersBlocked websites include:London Friend [LGBT charity]Stonewall [gay rights charity]LGBT* [group in Liberal Democrat party]Glasgay! [arts festival in Glasgow]DIVA [lesbian magazine]~ gay and lesbian lifestyle websites arecensored in Sex Education or Lifestylesblocking categories43 44. In the U.K. at the present time:~ as of mid-2014 few ISP customers areopting for filtering- Virgin Media 4%- BT 5%- Sky 8%- Talktalk 36%~ 2014 campaign launched by UK OpenRights Group against blunt, ham-fisted Internetfilter systems that cause more harm than theysolve - Dave Neal, Majority of UK web users haventturned on ISPs internet pornfilters, The Inquirer, July 23, 44 45. In the U.K. at the present time (2):~ 20% of websites checked are blocked by oneor more ISPs, such as Guido Fawkes [politicalblog], www.sherights.com [feminist blog], anda small car dealing business~ technology does not allow website owners todetermine whether their sites are blocked~ informed choice is undermined; raisingawareness and empowering people ishindered; parents opportunity to teachchildren about proper Internet use is denied~ transparency is critical~ open debate is essential45 46. Viewpoint Discrimination LGBTQ*Lawsuits in the U.S.46~ Out of court settlements in 2 lawsuits againstTennessee school districts allowed access toconstitutionally protected gay educational websites,and the filter, used by more than 100 Tennessee schooldistricts, adjusted accordingly 11. American Civil Liberties Union, Franks v. Metropolitan Board ofPublic EducationCase Profile, August 13, 2009https://www..aclu.org/lgbt-rights-hiv-aids/franks-v-metropolitcan-board-of-eduation-case-profile 47. Viewpoint Discrimination LGBTQ*Lawsuits in the U.S. (2)47~ Court decision in lawsuit against Camdenton(Missouri) school district guilty ofunconstitutional viewpoint discrimination that violatedthe students First Amendment rights and ordered topay $125,000 in legal fees and costs, for blocking LGBTaffirmative websites under Sexuality category whilepermitting access to anti-gay websites 22. American Civil Liberties Union, PFLAG v. Camdenton R-III SchoolDistrict, April 6 2012 www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights/pflag-v-camdenton-r-iii-school -district; PFLAG v. Camdenton R-III School Dist. C.D. Mo.,January 15, 2012. 48. Viewpoint Discrimination OtherLawsuits in the U.S.~ Court decision in lawsuit against North CentralRegional Library District (Missouri) schooldistrict upheld filtering policy as constitutionalunder one particular set of facts in one library system,but the library had modified its Internet filter andamended its filtering policy in the meantime 33. Bradburn et al. v. North Central Regional Library District, launchedin 2006 with court ruling on April 10, 2012. Cited in Why RecentCourt Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering: BlockingAccess to Protected Speech Can Lead to Litigation and Legal Fees,by Theresa Chmara, American Libraries, July/August 2012www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org/article/why-recent-court-decisionsdon%E2%80%99t-change-rules-filtering48 49. Viewpoint Discrimination OtherLawsuits in the U.S. (2)~ Court consent order against Salem (Missouri)Public Library prohibited from blocking religious49content and alternative viewpoints under Occult,Criminal Skills, or any other filtering category 44. Hunter v. Salem Public Library Board of Trustees, 4:12-cv-00004-ERW, United States District Court, Eastern District of MissouriEastern Division, March 5, 2013. 50. Limitations of Internet Content Filters- SizeT aenchdn gorloowgticha ol fC tohnes Iindteerranteiot ns newwebsites come onstream by the second, oldwebsites morph- New media services, newtechnologies filters can not keep up withthe rapid evolution of Internet tools andplatforms, e.g., video gaming, texting (1993),blogging (1994, 1999), Craigslist (1996), Google(1998), Myspace (2003), LinkedIn (2003), Facebook(2004), wikis (2004), YouTube (2005), Reddit (2005),Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007), Dropbox (2007),Manhunt (2008), Grindr (2009), Instagram (2010), etc.50 51. Limitations of Internet Content FiltersTechnological Considerations (2)- Primarily text-based reliant on exact-matchsoftware algorithms; image detection bymany filters is still text-based technicallimitations continue to preclude accurateidentification of obscene images - Fencing OutKnowledge: Impacts of the Childrens Internet Protection Act 10 YearsLater, 201451 52. Limitations of Internet Content FiltersCultural-Linguistic Considerations- Ambiguous terms and imprecisecategories nuances, synonyms, homonyms,homographs, metaphors, similes, double entendres,twists of phrase, puns, euphemisms, coded terms,initialisms, acronyms, appropriated meanings52 53. 53Examples of ambiguous terms andimprecise categories 54. In 1991,Toronto MayorJune Rowlandsrefused toallow this groupto perform atCity Hall on thebasis of theirname alone54 55. Limitations of Internet Content FiltersCultural-Linguistic Considerations (2)- Evolution of terms/subjects- Variable perceptions of offensiveness profanity, blasphemy, heresy, sedition, terrorism,indecency, obscenity55 56. 56 57. Limitations of Internet Content FiltersCultural-Linguistic Considerations (3)- Variable interpretations of legal terms obscenity, pornography, harmful to minors laws(U.S.), age of consent laws, community standards- Variable perceptions of age-appropriateness rigid conformity of one-size-fits-all treating older students the same asyounger ones, failure to recognize enormousvariation in adolescent development and ignoringthe vast diversity of student needs, differing ages ofmajority, differing ages of consent57 58. 58 59. Limitations of Internet Content FiltersCultural-Linguistic Considerations (4)- Variable region-specific and culture-specificvalue-laden terms more culturesthan countries, values, beliefs, norms, traditions59 60. ~ in the U.S.Unshelved, July 18, 2009 60 61. Limitations of Internet Content FiltersCultural-Linguistic Considerations (5)- websites in languages other thanEnglish and foreign language words adoptedinto another language- Circumvention technology proxy servers,over the wall software in China- Teenspeak61 62. 62 63. General Concerns about Filtering~ Foreign (mostly U.S.) English-languagecommercial computer programs block liststreated as trade secrets, pervasive ideological bias,conservative religious value systems~ Reliance on exact-match characterrecognition underblocking (false negatives) andoverblocking (false positives), reductive,decontextualized, disregarding multiple layers ofmeaning63 64. 64Context iseverything! 65. General Concerns about Filtering (2)~ Violation of constitutionally protecteddigital expression and access~ Belief in the power to control attitudes andbehaviour by prohibiting words and ideas~ Promotes uniform world view no knowledge ofchoices, no awareness of the worlds rich diversity,viewpoint discrimination hinders empathy, understanding,and respect~ Lack of accountability and due diligence inproduct testing65 66. United Nations and Internet Freedom~ UN Human Rights Council Resolution L13 The Promotion,Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet,2012 http://geneva.usmission.gov/2012/07/05/internet-resolution~ UN Human Rights Council Resolution A/HRC/26/L.24 onThe Promotion, Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rightson the Internet, 2014 Endorsed by 82 countriesThe same rights that people have offline must also beprotected online, in particular freedom of expression, inaccordance with the Universal Declaration of HumanRights and other international human rights treaties.The fundamental importance of open, critical and evencontroversial expression on the Internet is a universalvalue that applies in all societies.66 67. No large-scale testing or even publicawareness programs have been67initiated in Canada or, to myknowledge, in any other democracy.Instead, many institutions and somegovernments recklessly and deviouslyimpose filters on Internet users withoutdue diligence and rigorous productevaluation. 68. Schools and libraries have legallyenforceable AUPs, which specificallyidentify prohibited types of onlineconduct and content, so why filter?IT users in schools and libraries mustlegally accept the terms of institutionalAUPs, as well of-age terms for adult andother websites, so why filter?68 69. Schools and libraries, as well as all otherpublic institutions, have an ethical obligationto follow public accountability and fulldisclosure principles.If public institutions (and governments) use afilter, their main pages should notify Internetusers of69~ filter name~ blocking level~ blocked subject categories~ a statement that adult supervision is stillrequired commensurate with user age andmaturity~ user rights and remedies, particularlyreconsideration procedures and a disputeresolution process. 70. Schools and libraries should be awarethat filtering does not absolve them ofchild supervision and guidancecommensurate with the age and thematurity of both groupings of, andindividual, Internet users.Filters should never be treated asbabysitters!70 71. Educational curricula should include fullcourses on Internet and social media use,ethics, privacy, surveillance, cyberbullying,and related issues.Libraries should develop regular programsaround these same issues, targetingspecific audiences of children, students,parents, library users, and citizens.Libraries and schools should reframe AUPsAUPs as Responsible Use Policies.71 72. Hierarchies of OppressionBalancing Equality Rights Freedom from homophobic, biphobic, and transphobicoppression is acutely linked to freedom from ignorancearound misogyny, sexism, double standards, and genderedprivileges and power. Sexism and misogyny are the ubiquitous weapons ofhomophobia, biphobia, and transphobia girlie man, sissy,effeminate, mommas boy, the pink government, pansification,man up, dont be a pussy, boys dont cry. Homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia are the misogynisticmales fear that gay men will treat him the way he treatswomen, and that lesbians will treat other women better thanhe does. Stereotyping and ignorance based in fear lead to violence.72 73. Hierarchies of OppressionBalancing Equality Rights (2) Womens liberation and gay liberation are inseparableoppressions and struggles. There can be no hierarchy of oppression. The struggleagainst one form of injustice is the struggle against them all. Truth to power has many voices. But just as there is no hierarchy of oppression, there can beno hierarchy of equality and equality rights. The larger struggle for a reasonable balance amongcompeting human rights continues on many fronts.73 74. Hierarchies of OppressionBalancing Equality Rights (3) States and societies must live up to the universalistpromises to all marginalized minorities inherent in theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights as well as in numerousother international agreements, which they have signed andare thus legally binding signatories. On top of this international framework of human rightsguarantees to which Canada is a signatory, Canada must liveup to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, theCanadian Human Rights Act, and provincial and territorialhuman rights acts.74 75. Hierarchies of OppressionHomophobic WomenOn a personal note, I have never been able tounderstand homophobic women.Is it self-hatred at not being born a privilegedmale? Is it religious indoctrination? broadercultural desensitization?Or is it just oblivious naivety about howintimately linked homophobia is to misogynyand sexism?75 76. Hierarchies of OppressionHomophobic Women (2)How can it be that any self-respecting,caring, spiritual adult woman could feelherself entitledto bully a queer teen, to tell a 5-year-oldthat a queer loved one is going to burn inhell, to choose religious doctrine over theirown queer child and then disown them andkick them out of the house all the whilethinking she herself is acting self-righteouslyfree ofpersonal, emotional, moral, spiritual, andsocietal consequences?76 77. Hierarchies of OppressionHomophobic Women (3)A message to her, and all like-minded men:No sacred text can justify persecution andviolence against anyone. Homophobia is achoice, not homosexuality.- Rev. J.P. Mokgethi-Health (Sweden), at the 2014 InternationalAIDS Conference, Melbourne, Australia, July 20-25, 2014.Quoted in 'Homophobia is a choice, not homosexuality':Inter-faith Message, by Bobby Ramakant,Citizen News Service, July 21, 201477 78. Unintended ConsequencesThe Many Prices of LGBTQ* Filtering Over-reliance on technology to limit access toundesirable information and knowledge Outsourced judgment and diminished sense ofpersonal responsibility impeded critical thinking,media, and literacy skills Poor modelling of democratic citizenship andcitizenship education Educational goals are put at risk for all students,especially the ability to understand the digitalenvironment Silencing of LGBTQ* voices 78 79. The Perils of InvisibilityWhen those who have power to name and tosocially construct reality choose not to seeyou or hear you when someone with theauthority of a teacher, say, describes theworld and you are not in it, there is amoment of psychic disequilibrium, as if youlooked into a mirror and saw nothing. Ittakes some strength of soul not justindividual strength, but collectiveunderstanding to resist this void, thisnonbeing, into which you are thrust, and tostand up, demanding to be seen and heard.79Adrienne Rich, Blood, bread and poetry, 1986,p.199 (from Invisibility in academe, 1984) 80. Internet filtering isthe 21st centuryversion of bookbanning for thedigital generation.80Filters = Internetcensorship 81. The worst part ofLGBTQ* Internetcontent filteringis..%#@^%!*&)_=+{]&$#^&$&@#^@!$**$#&@~*#@!~`-^+_%-#@!~`-^+_%-!!!!!81 82. LGBTQ* minorities arenot equal and will notgrow as easily intoresiliency if they cannot communicatefreely and visibly onthe Internet.82 83. Whos in the LGBTQ* Community? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans*, Trans-Identified, Transgender, Transsexual, TwoSpirit, Intersex, Pansexual, Queer, Questioning,and Allies Sexual & Gender Minorities, Sexual Minority &Gender Variant (SMGV), Sexual Orientation &Gender Identity Minorities (SOGI) Gender Fluid, Gender-Queer, Trans* andGender Nonconforming Minorities Initialisms: LGBT, LGBTQ, LGBTI, LGBTQ2S,GLBT, GLBTQ, LGBTQQIA, LGBTQQIAAP,LGBTTI2QQ, LGBTTIQQ2SA*,LGBTTTIQQAAPK, Q2GQIAASCP(GSM)life ***healingsunlightnatureserenityspirit83***Alternate colour meanings for the Rainbow Flag:acceptance, tolerance, happiness, harmony,peace, spirit 84. Far worse thanstereotyping,scapegoating,ridicule, andcaricature, thegreatest enemyof public truth inHollywoodmovies hasbeen invisibility.84 85. The United Nations and LGBTQ*Rights UN Free and Equal Campaign https://www.unfe.org UN Resolution A/HRC/17/L.9/Rev.1 LGBT RightsEndorsed by 94 countries~ UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: The time has cometo act on discrimination and violence against LGBTIpeople [2012].~ UN Special Rapporteur Maina Kiai: A nation that cansilence one group can silence all groups [2014].~ Argentina introduced this Resolution, supported by Brazil,Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, and Colombia: Resolved toensure that violence and discrimination on grounds ofsexual orientation and gender identity remain on the85HRC's agenda [Human Rights Council, June 24, 2014]. 86. Sources: Freedom toMary; ILGA: Intl LGBTIAssn; CIA WorldFactbook86 87. Death Penalty in 11 States for Being Gay* Brunei Iran Maldives MauritaniaLess barbarous but still reprehensible anti-homosexualitylaws exist in 72 other countries.* Technically, the death penalty in most of these countries is for homosexualacts.87 Nigeria Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Tonga Uganda YemenState-sponsored homophobia: A world survey of laws:Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex love,by Lucas Paoli Itaborahy & Jingshu Zhu, ILGA, May 2013;The Curious Case of Countries Where Being Gay Is a Crime,by James Kirchick, 2014 www.thedailybeast.com/ 88. Worldwide Use of Homophobic Language(12 months 2012-2013)faggot 14 million tweets/yearno homo 5 million tweets/yearso gay 5 million tweets/yearDyke 2 million tweets/yearAll four terms 26 million tweets/yearwww.nohomophobes.com88on Twitter 89. FaggotNo HomoSo GayDykeScreenshot, nohomophobes.com April 24, 2014 89 90. Marriage Equality Dates1. Netherlands 20012. Belgium 20033. Spain 20054. Canada 20055. South Africa 20066. Norway 20097. Sweden 20098. Portugal 20109. Iceland 201010. Argentina 201011. Denmark 201212. Wales and England, 201390 91. Marriage Equality Dates (2)13. Brazil 201314. France 201315. New Zealand 201316. Uruguay 201317. Luxembourg 2014 civil unions in many other countries some within-country jurisdictions:- U.S. (2003+) but people can still be fired forbeing gay, lesbian, bisexual, or trans* in 33 U.S. states;- Mexico (2009+)91 92. Milestones in the Long Struggle forCanadian LGBTQ* Human Rights1969 federal decriminalization of same-sexrelationships1977 Quebec first province to prohibitdiscrimination on the basis of sexualorientation1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms(equality rights 1985)1992 Canadian military ended anti-gay policy1995 sexual orientation read into the CanadianCharter by the Supreme Court of Canada as aprohibited ground of discrimination2003 Ontario first province to legally recognizemarriage equality92 93. The Supreme Court of CanadaLearning about tolerance is learning thatother peoples entitlement to respect fromus does not depend on whether their viewsaccord with our view. Children cannot learnthis unless they are exposed to views thatdiffer from those they are taught at home.Tolerance is always age appropriate.Chamberlain v. Surrey SchoolDistrict No. 36, 2002, par. 66,6991 94. But key challenges lie ahead forCanadian LGBTQ* social justice.Canada still does not explicitly prohibit discrimination onthe basis of Gender Identity & Gender Expression.This is an urgent and simple legal remedy.Canada provides millions of taxpayer $$ to virulentlyhomophobic countries around the world.This must change.Canada impedes LGBTQ* refugee & asylum seekers.This must stop.92 95. 95Library Associations andIntellectual Freedom 96. Intellectual Freedom StatementCanadian Library AssociationAll persons in Canada have the fundamentalright, as embodied in the nation's Bill of Rightsand the Canadian Charter of Rights andFreedoms, to have access to all expressions ofknowledge, creativity and intellectual activity, andto express their thoughts publicly. This right tointellectual freedom, under the law, is essential tothe health and development of Canadian society.Libraries have a basic responsibility for thedevelopment and maintenance of intellectualfreedom. 96 97. Intellectual Freedom Statement(2)Canadian Library AssociationIt is the responsibility of libraries to guaranteeand facilitate access to all expressions ofknowledge and intellectual activity, includingthose which some elements of society mayconsider to be unconventional, unpopular orunacceptable. To this end, libraries shall acquireand make available the widest variety ofmaterials.Both employees and employers in libraries havea duty, in addition to their institutionalresponsibilities, to uphold these principles.97 98. Diversity and InclusionStatementCanadian Library AssociationThe Canadian Library Association believes that adiverse and pluralistic society is central to ourcountrys identity. Libraries have a responsibility tocontribute to a culture that recognizes diversityand fosters social inclusion.Libraries strive to deliver inclusive service.Canadas libraries recognize and energeticallyaffirm the dignity of those they serve, regardless ofheritage, education, beliefs, race, religion, gender,age, sexual orientation, gender identity, physical ormental capabilities, or income.98 99. Internet Access PolicyCanadian Library AssociationCLA believes that the best and mostreliable filter is a childs parent orguardian.*..The filtering of terminals in childrensareas can coexist with full accesselsewhere in the [public] library andpreserve a range of choice consistentwith public library principles.99Internet service in publiclibraries: A matter of trust, Feb. 2000 100. Internet Access ToolkitOntario Library AssociationOffering only filtered Internetworkstations to the public would notmeet the spirit of the OLA Statement onthe Rights of the Individual or theCharter of Rights and Freedoms.OLA Intellectual Freedom Committee's Reporton Internet Access [1998?]100 101. Freedom to Read StatementAmerican Library AssociationWe believe rather that what people read is deeplyimportant; that ideas can be dangerous; but that thesuppression of ideas is fatal to a democratic society.Freedom itself is a dangerous way of life, but it is101ours. 102. Resolution on the Use of FilteringThe American Library Associationaffirms that the use of filtering softwareabridges the Library Bill of Rights.ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee, July 1,1997Software in LibrariesAmerican Library Association102 103. American Library AssociationWhy Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering:Blocking Access to Protected Speech Can Lead to Litigation and LegalFees,by Theresa Chmara, American Libraries, July/August 2012103Libraries should continue to be wary of usingInternet filtering systems that blockconstitutionally protected material for adults orminors.... If libraries use filters that blockconstitutionally protected material deemedharmful to minors and do not allow adults todisable filters, or fail to provide an effectiveunblocking system, those libraries may openthe door to years of litigation and significantlegal expenses. 104. Statement on Intellectual Freedom, Access ToInformation and CensorshipChartered Institute of Library & Information ProfessionalsCILIP is committed to promoting a society whereintellectual activity and creativity, freedom ofexpression and debate, and access to informationare encouraged and nurtured as vital elementsunderpinning individual and community fulfilmentin all aspects of human life.CILIP, 2005104 105. Public Access to and Freedom of Expression inNetworked InformationThe Council Of EuropeCultural institutions providing public access to networkedinformation and communication should do so for all, withoutregard to race, nationality, religion, culture, political affiliation,physical or learning impairment, gender or sexual orientation.Children choosing to use those Public Access Points that areprovided for whole community use should, as far as possible,be able to do so under the same conditions as other users.Nevertheless, in order to avoid access to harmful and/or illegalcontent, filtering systems requesting the use of personal agecodes should be provided at Public Access Points.105 106. Public Access to and Freedom of Expression inNetworked Information (2)The Council Of EuropeThe use by managers of Public Access Points of softwarefiltering systems to block access to certain content is anunwarranted interference with the individuals freedom ofaccess to information. If filtering and blocking systems are tobe made available, it should only be as an option thatindividuals can choose and calibrate at their own preferredlevels.The Council Of Europe, 2005106 107. 107Educational Associations andLGBTQ* Policies 108. Code of Professional ConductAlberta Teachers Association*The teacher teaches in a manner that respectsthe dignity and rights of all persons withoutprejudice as to race, religious beliefs, colour,gender, sexual orientation, gender identity,physical characteristics, disability, maritalstatus, family status, age, ancestry, place oforigin, place of residence, socioeconomicbackground or linguistic background.108First teachers association in Canada to include:~ sexual orientation 1999~ gender identity for students 2003~ gender identity for teachers 2004 109. Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity PolicyThe Board is committed to establishing and maintaining a safe,inclusive, equitable, and welcoming learning and teachingenvironment for all members of the school community. Thisincludes those students, staff, and families who identify or areperceived as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, transsexual,two-spirit, queer or questioning their sexual orientation, genderidentity, or gender expression.All members of the school community have the right to learnand work in an environment free of discrimination, prejudice,and harassment. This right is guaranteed under theCanadianCharter of Rights and Freedoms, Alberta Human Rights Act,and Alberta School Act.109Edmonton Public School Board, 2012 110. 110Statement by formerMayor of Edmonton,Alberta 111. The health of the LGBTQ*community is a barometer ofthe entire community.109City of Edmonton Mayor Stephen Mandel,Mayors Pride Brunch, a fundraiser forCamp fYrefly, June 2007 112. Resources LGBTQ-Related and GeneralFiltering Research andCommentary LGBTQ* Resources for Librariansand Teachers LGBTQ* General Resources Trans-Identified and GenderNonconforming Resources112 113. LGBTQ-Related & General FilteringResearch & CommentaryAmerican Civil Liberties Union. (2012). Dont Filter Me! Web content filtering inschools. Final report. https://www.aclu.org/lgbt-rights/dont-filter-me-final-reportAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Rhode Island. (2013). Access Denied: HowInternet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education. http://riaclu.org/images/uploads/Access_Denied-_How_Internet_Filtering_in_Schools_Harms_Public_Education.pdfAyre, Lori Bowen. (2004). Filtering and filter software. Library TechnologyReports. American Library Association, v.40(2) (March-April).Batch, Kristen R. (2014). Fencing Out Knowledge: Impacts of the ChildrensInternet Protection Act 10 Years Later, American Library Association, PolicyBrief No. 5.Bertot, John C. et al. (2012). 2011-2012 Public Library Funding andTechnology Access Survey: Survey Findings and Results. Information Policy& Access Centerhttp://ipac.umd.edu/sites/default/files/publications/2012_plftas.pdfChmara, Theresa. (2012). Why Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Ruleson Filtering: Blocking Access to Protected Speech Can Lead to Litigation andLegal Fees, American Libraries, July/Augustwww.americanlibrariesmagazine.org/article/why-recent-court-decisionsdon%E2%80%99t-change-rules-filtering113 114. LGBTQ-Related & General Filtering Research& Commentary (2)Deibert, Ronald, et al., eds. (2008). Access denied: The practice and policy ofglobal Internet filtering. MIT Press.Heins, M., et al. (2006). Internet filters: A public policy report. Brennan Center forJustice. Rev. ed.Holt, David Brian. (2011). LGBTIQ teens Plugged in and unfiltered: How Internetfiltering impairs construction of online communities, identity formation, andaccess to health information. In E. Greenblatt, ed. Serving LGBTIQ library andarchives users: Essays on outreach, service, collections and access.McFarland, 266-77.Houghton-Jan, Sarah. (2008). Internet filtering software tests: Barracuda,CyberPatrol, FilterGate, and WebSense. San Jose Public Library, Calif.http://www.sjpl.org/sites/all/files/userfiles/agen0208_report.pdfLGBTIQ Teens Plugged in and Unfiltered: How Internet Filtering ImpairsConstruction of Online Communities, Identity Formation, and Access to HealthInformation, by David Brian Holt. In Ellen Greeblatt, ed. Serving LGBTIQLibrary and Archives Users: Essays on Outreach, Service, Collections andAccess, pp. 266-277. American Association of School Librarians. (2012).114 115. LGBTQ-Related & General Filtering Research& Commentary (3)Neal, Dave. (2014). Majority of UK web users havent turned on ISPs internetporn filters. The Inquirer July 23, 2014www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2356869/majority-of-uk-web-users-havent-turned-on-isps-internet-porn-filtersPatrick, Ed. (2014). Is web filtering in the UK excessive? CILIP www.cilip.org.ukProject Tomorrow. (2010). Speak Up National Findings.www.tomorrow.org/speakup/pdfs/SU09UnleashingTheFuture.pdfPurcell, Kristen, Alan Heaps, Judy Buchanan, and Linda Friedrich (2013). Howteachers are using technology at home and in their classrooms. PewResearch Center Internet & American Life Project. Available at URL:http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Teachers-and-technologyRideout, V. (2002). See no evil: How Internet filters affect the search for onlinehealth information. Kaiser Family Foundation. Available at URL:www.kff.org/entmedia/20021210a-index.cfmSchrader, Alvin M. (2013). Nowhere to Turn, Nowhere to Go: LIS Services forSexual and Gender (LGBTQ) Minorities. Presentation to LIS 541: LISServices in Culturally Diverse Society. Edmonton, AB, 12 September 2013.Available at URL: http://www.slideshare.net/alvinschrader/library-and-information-services-and-issues-for-lgbtq-communities?from_search=38115 116. LGBTQ-Related & General Filtering Research& Commentary (4)Schrader, Alvin M. (2013). Reflections on meaning in library and informationstudies: A personal odyssey through information, sexuality, and gender. In P.Keilty & R. Dean, eds. Feminist and queer information studies reader. LitwinBooks, 62-97.Schrader, Alvin M. (2012). The digital closet: How internet filters suppressaccess to information by, for, and about sexual and gender minorities, LorneMacRae Intellectual Freedom Lecture, Alberta Library Conference.albertalibraryconference.com/presentations/ALC2012Schrader.pdfSchrader, Alvin M. and Kristopher Wells. (2010). Queering libraries andclassrooms in the United States and Canada: Strategies to build inclusiveschool and public library collections and services for sexual minority andgender variant youth. In E. Greenblatt, ed. Serving LGBTIQ library andarchives users: Essays on outreach, , Service, Collections and Access, pp.94-112.Schrader, Alvin M. (2007). I thought Id find myself at the library: LGBTQservices and collections in public and school libraries. PNLA Quarterly 72.1(2007): 4-9. pnla.org/quarterly/Fall2007/PNLA_Fall07.pdfSchmidt, Eric E., and Jared Cohen. (2014). The future of Internet freedom. NewYork Times, Mar. 11. 116 117. LGBTQ-Related & General Filtering Research& Commentary (5)School Libraries Count 2012!: National Longitudinal Survey of School LibraryPrograms. Supplemental Report on Filtering. American Association of SchoolLibrarians, Chicago, Ill., 2012 ala.org/aasl/filtering-schoolsSpurlin, Candice and Patrick M. Garry. (2009). Does Filtering Stop the Flow ofValuable Information?: A Case Study of the Children's Internet Protection Act(CIPA) in South Dakota. South Dakota Law Review, Vol. 54, No. 1http://ssrn.com/abstract=1368900Thornburgh, Dick, and Herbert Lin, eds. (2002). Youth, pornography and theInternet. National Academy Press.117 118. LGBTQ* Resources for Librarians andTeachers ALA GLBTRT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and TransgenderedRound Table) http://ala.org/glbtrt/news Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual Librarians Network owner-GAY-LIBN@usc.edu Gay Librarians group Facebook State-sponsored homophobia: A world survey of laws:Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex love, byLucas Paoli Itaborahy an Jingshu Zhu, International Lesbian andGay Association, May 2013 The Curious Case of Countries Where Being Gay Is a Crime, byJames Kirchick, Jan. 2, 2014 www.thedailybeast.com Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Information Needs,by Patrick Keilty. In: Encyclopedia of Library and InformationSciences, 3rd ed., 2009 Lindy Reads and Reviews http://lindypratch.blogspot.com Out Behind the Desk: Workplace Issues for LGBTQ Librarians,ed. Tracy Nectoux. Litwin Books, 2011118 119. LGBTQ* Resources for Librarians and Out in the Library: Materials, Displays and Services for the Gay,Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Community http://bit.ly/1nYyJtx Queers Online: LGBT Digital Practices in Libraries, Archives, andMuseums, ed. Rachel Wexelbaum. Litwin Books (forthcoming) Rainbow Family Collections: Selecting and Using Children's Books withLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Content, by JamieCampbell Naidoo, 2012. Reaching Out: Library Services for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgender, and Questioning Youth. Film/DVD by Lynne Barnes, 2004(16 mins) lynneword@hotmail.com Resources for Building a High School Library Program that Meets theNeeds of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered, or QuestioningStudents: Part I, by Cynthia Peterson, 2010http://cjpeterso.edublogs.org/2010/12/20glbtqresources1/119Teachers (2) 120. LGBTQ* Resources for Librarians and Serving Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Teens:A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians, by Hillias J. Martin, Jr. & JamesR. Murdock. Neal-Schuman, 2007. Serving LGBTIQ Library and Archives Users: Essays on Outreach,Service, Collections and Access, ed. Ellen Greenblatt, McFarland,2010 Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Recommended Fiction andNonfiction Resources for K-12 Schools. Edmonton Public Schools andEdmonton Public Library http://bit.ly/1aTo5Pg120Teachers (3) 121. General LGBTQ* Resources "A Little Gay History: Desire and Diversity Across the World,ed. R.B. Parkinson. Columbia University Press, 2013 The Advocate http://www.advocate.com/ APIRG Library http://www.apirg.org Alberta GSA Network Facebook page Alberta Teachers Association Sexual Orientation and Gender Variancehttp://bit.ly/1jJRexj PRISM Project http://bit.ly/1lLfkft Gay-Straight Student Alliances in Alberta Schools: AGuide for Teachers, by Kristopher Wells. 2005http://bit.ly/1lkzL37 Camp fYrefly www.fyrefly.ualberta.ca Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives http://www.clga.ca/ The Canadian War on Queers: National Security as SexualRegulation, by Gary Kinsman & Patrizia Gentile. UBC Press,2010121 122. Coming Out in the Workplace. Angus Reid Public Opinionand the Canadian Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce,Career Connections, Fall 2012: 18-23 http://bit.ly/1lLfJyv Daily Xtra Canadas Gay and Lesbian News Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violenceindividuals based on their sexual orientation and genderUnited Nations Human Rights Council, Nov. 17, 2011 Egale Canada www.egale.ca Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD)http://www.glaad.org/ Gay and Lesbian Review Gay Canada gaycanada.com Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN )122General LGBTQ* Resources (2) 123. Gay-Straight Students Alliance (GSA) Networkwww.ismss.ualberta.ca/students How to Close the LGBT Health Disparities Gap, by Jeff Krehely,Center for American Progress, 2009 http://bit.ly/1m6QBxP HuffPost LGBT www.huffingtonpost.com/news/lgbt Human Rights Campaign http://www.hrc.org/ Institute for Sexual Minority Studies and Services, University ofAlberta www.ismss.ualberta.ca Inside/OUT Speakers Serieshttp://ismss.ualberta.ca/speakers.htm No Homophobes Project http://nohomophobes.com OUTreach www.ualberta.ca/~outreach123General LGBTQ* Resources (3) 124. International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobiahttp://dayagainsthomophobia.org International Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associationhttp://ilga.org International Human Rights Commission https://iglhrc.org/ It Gets Better http://www.itgetsbetter.org/ Lambda Literary Foundation http://www.lambdaliterary.org LGBTQ Interest Group, BCLA (British Columbia LibraryAssociation) lgbtq-list@lists.bclibrary.ca NativeOut http://nativeout.com/ Outlooks Magazine www.outlooks.ca PBS: Two-Spirits http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/two-spirits/124General LGBTQ* Resources (4) 125. Perceptions Newsmagazine (not online) PFLAG Canada (Parents and Friends of Lesbians and Gays)http://www.pflagcanada.ca/ Pink Blood: Homophobic Violence in Canada. Douglas Victor Janoff.University of Toronto Press, 2005 Pink Shirt Day http://pinkshirtday.ca Pride at Work Canada http://prideatwork.ca Pride Centre of Edmonton www.pridecentreoredmonton.org Pride Week @ University of Alberta (featured on Outlook TV)http://bit.ly/1nyWYvd Rainbow Refugee Committee www.rainbowrefugee.ca Safe and Caring Schools for Two Spirit Youth: A Guide for Teachersand Students. Society for Safe and Caring Schools andCommunities, 2011125General LGBTQ* Resources (5) 126. Saskatchewan Resources for Sexual Diversity, U ofSaskatchewan http://library2.usask.ca/srsd/ Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Edmonton PublicSchoolswww.epsb.ca/ourdistrict/topics/sexualorientationandgenderidentity/ Stonewall National Museum and Archiveshttp://stonewallnationalmuseum.org The Trevor Project http://thetrevorproject.org Two Spirit Circle of Edmonton Society Facebook page 2-Spirited People of the First Nations www.2spirits.com University of Alberta Libraries LGBTQ webpage (EnglishLanguage and Literature subject guide)http://guides.library.ualberta.ca/content.php?pid=95998&sid=774244 Xtra! Canadas Gay and Lesbian News http://dailyxtra.com/ You Can Play Project http://youcanplayproject.org Youth Line http://youthline.ca126General LGBTQ* Resources (6) 127. AlbertaTrans www.albertatrans.org Canadian Professional Association for Transgender Healthwww.cpath.ca Forge Forward http://forge-forward.org/ GenderSpectrum https://www.genderspectrum.org/ International Transgender Day of Remembrancehttp://www.transgenderdor.org/ Living a Transgender Childhoodhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epDPui27QZQ National Center for Transgender Equity (US)http://transequality.org/ TransAdvocate http://www.transadvocate.com/ Trans Alliance Society http://www.transalliancesociety.org/127Trans-Identified & Gender-Nonconforming Resources 128. Trans Equality Society of Alberta http://tesaonline.org Transgender Archives http://transgenderarchives.uvic.ca/ Transgender Canada www.transgendercanada.com The Transgender Project http://trans.ichannel.ca/ Transgender Visibility: A Guide to Being Youhttp://www.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/transgender_visibility_guide_042013.pdf TransKids Purple Rainbowhttp://www.transkidspurplerainbow.org/ TransYouth Family Allies http://www.imatyfa.org/ TransGeneration. Documentary, DVD, 2006http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyGLd4VKEe4 World Professional Association for Transgender Healthwww.wpath.ca128Trans-Identified & Gender-Nonconforming Resources (2) 129. Gender Failure. Rae Spoon and Ivan E. Coyote. Arsenal PulpPress, 2014. Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation. Kate Bornstein and BearBergman. 2010. Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity.Matt Sycamore. 2006. Some Assembly Required: The Not-So-Secret Life of aTransgender Teen. Arin Andrews. 2014 Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the TransgenderTransgender Community. Laura Erickson-Schroth. 2014.129Trans-Identified & Gender-Nonconforming Resources (Print) 130. Transgender 101: A Simple Guide to a Complex Issue. NicholasTeich. 2011 Transgender Child: A Handbook for Families and Professionals.Stephanie Brill & Rachel Pepper. 2008. Transgender Explained for Those Who Are Not. Joan Herman.2009. The Transgender Phenomenon. Richard Ekins & Dave King.2006.130Trans-Identified & Gender-Nonconforming Resources (Print 2) 131. WITH THANKS!~ To my colleagues who guided me to usefulresearch and who patiently reviewed earlierdrafts Sandra Anderson, Michael Brundin,Bev Clarke and the boys, Frank Testin, andanother who must, sadly, remain anonymous.~ To conference and event organizers whoinvited me to present this research in earlierstages of development, Mount RoyalUniversity Library (Calgary), the AlbertaLibrary Conference, the Ontario LibraryAssociation Super Conference, and theInformation Ethics Round Table (Edmonton).~ And to my life partner and best friend Tony131