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Emerald Room, CSIR International Convention Centre, South Africa

Benefits of Open Data and Policy Developments, perspectives from

research institutions and universities

December 7th, 2016

Muliaro Wafula and Obwaya Mogire

Open Data Policy

Key Objectives:

1.Promote Data publication, preservation and reuse.

2.Promote multi-disciplined research capabilities and activities that are ICT enabled

3.Accelerate ICT innovation through equipping innovators with requisite skills and credible and quality data

4.Change culture of keeping data private to public by default

The long end of the tail…..has individual scientists data

• Much of this revolution is taking place at the top end

– at the head and neck

• Although ‘big data’ is all the rage….the vast majority

of data sets created through research fall into the

“Long Tail”

Source – Wagging the Long Tail, Kathleen Shearer et al, 2014

Review • To guarantee availability of open data over long-term and impact oriented, it must be

rooted in a clear policies, Strategies and consistent global data managementapproach.

• Good policies should take into account context, content, and impact of open data .

• Open data impact is not yet fully felt (Granickas 2013).

• While UK ,USA, Canada, France, Denmark, Australia, Spain are advanced indeveloping open data policies (Huijboom and Van den Broek 2011); mid-rankingcountries continue to embraced open data initiative of open data portals andneglecting open data policies, strategies, regulations and legal frameworks.(Kaplan 2015).

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Review …2

• According to WBG 2015, Funding and technical capacity are not the onlychallenges to be overcome but also lack of clear legal and policy guidelines.

• ODB 2015 observes that in Africa, most countries have not demonstratedclear political leadership with defined policies and strategies on open data.

• Mokua, E., & Chiliswa Z. 2013 claims there is a risk of most open datainitiatives presently resting on superficial foundations, and therefore at riskof stalling or falling backwards if top strong political leadership orcommunity pressure subsides on open data ecosystem.

• Open data is still in its very early stages in developing countries (Schwegmann, 2012).

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Best practices for open research data adopted by JKUAT

Open Data Policy Development

• Open Data policy development need to be based on the following three pillars:

1. C-context

2. C-content

3. I-impact

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Policy Context Pillar

Key factors include:

Level of Gov organization

Key motivations, policy objectives

Open data platform launch

Resource allocation & economic context

Legislation

Social, cultural & Political context

Drivers for open data

Forces against Opening data

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Policy Content PillarKey factors include:

Licensing

Access fee

Data restriction

Data presentation

Contact with user

Amount published

Processing before publishing

Cost of opening

Types of Data

Data Formats & stds

Data quality

Provision of metadata9

Policy Impact PillarKey factors include:

Re-use of published data

Possible predicted risks

Benefits aligned with motivation

Public value

Transparency & accountability

Economic growth

Entrepreneurial open data use/ innovation

Efficiency

Environmental sustainability

Inclusion of marginalized

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Key Strategic Pillars of Sustainable Open Data Programs

1. Support open data infrastructure build based on open data policies standards and supportive legal and licensing frameworks

2. Make data publishing and access available and easy

3. Create feedback channels for data users

4. Prioritize dataset that users want

5. Address quality issues of datasets

6. Protect privacy rights

7. Provide clear, consistent, and useful metadata

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JORD Policy

JKUAT in consultation with CODATA, developed and implemented an open research data policy (JORD) Policy (February 2016)

JORD expected benefits include1. ROI

2. Encouragement of diverse studies and opinion

3. Promotion of new areas of work not envisioned by the initial investigators.

4. Strengthen the credibility of scholarly publications

5. Development of new products and services

6. Support JKUAT open data platform (https://opendata.jkuat.ac.ke

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Open Data Barriers (Zuiderwijk et al., 2013)

Conclusion• Open Data as a resource can increase trust in governments, boost

economic growth, create jobs, and improve essential products andservices.

• To harness open data, proper policies and strategies need to be in place.

• Dialogue within the open data ecosystem needs to be promoted so as tocreate open data programs with a balanced supply and demand.

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References

Arzberger, P., Schroeder, P., Beaulieu, A., Bowker, G., Casey, K., Laaksonen, L., Moorman, D., Uhlir, P. and Wouters, P. (2004). Promoting access to public research data for scientific,economic, and social development”, Data Science Journal, Vol. 3.

CODATA, 2013 CODATA Strategic Plan 2013-2018. Available at: http://www http://www.codata.org/uploads/CODATA_Strategic_Plan-2013-2018-FINAL.pdf [Last accessed 8 July 2016]

DCC, 2016 Digital Curation Centre. Available at: http://http://www.dcc.ac.uk/ [Last accessed 8 July 2016]

Davies, T and Bawa, ZA 2012 Editorial: the promises and perils of open government data (OGD). Journal of Community Informatics, Vol. 8 No. 2.

Huijboom, N. and Van Den Broek, T. (2011). Open data: an international comparison of strategies. European Journal of e-Practice, Vol. 12.

Iryna, SAGM and Janssen, 2015 Organizational measures to stimulate user engagement with open data. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 9 Iss 2 pp.181 – 206.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TG-05-2014-0016

JORD, 2016 JKUAT Open Research Data Policy. Available at: http:// http://www.jkuat.ac.ke/directorates/iceod/ [Last Accessed 8 July 2016]

Kenya Ict Board (2012). Kenya Open Data Initiative: Strengthening Social Service Delivery.

Kenei, Steve. (2012). Open data: learning from the Kenya Open Data Initiative (KODI) for CSOs. Available at http://www.devinit.org/wp-content/uploads/Open-data-learnings-fromKODI.pdf

Lee, G and Kwak, YH 2011 An open government implementation model: moving to increased public engagement, IBM Center for The Business of Government, Washington, DC, Availableat: http://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/An%20Open%20Government%20Implementation%20Model.pdf [Last accessed 9 July 2016].

Mokua, E., & Chiliswa, Z. (2013). Strengthening bottom-up social accountability: citizen participation in national & county governance. Nairobi, Kenya.

Mutuku, Leonida N, and Jessica Colaco. (2012). Increasing Kenyan Open Data Consumption : A Design Thinking Approach. ICEGOV. New York: ACM.

Open Government Partnership (2011). United States Country Commitment, available at: www. opengovpartnership.org/countries/united-states

ODI, 2016 Guide – Engaging with reusers. Available at: http://theodi.org/guides/engagingreusers. [Accesed 9 July 2016]

Peled, A. (2011). When Transparency and Collaboration Collide: The USA Open Data Program. Journal Of The American Society For Information Science And Technology [JASIST], 62(11)

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Refs…2Rininta Putri Nugroho Anneke Zuiderwijk Marijn Janssen Martin de Jong (2015). A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned;Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, Vol. 9 Iss 3 .

Rininta, PNA 2015 A comparison of national open data policies: lessons learned. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,Vol. 9 Iss 3 pp. 286 – 308 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TG-03-2014-0008

Rosie, HSP 2015 Research data management and openness. Program: electronic library and information systems, Vol. 49 Iss 4 pp. 364 – 381 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PROG-01-2015-0005

Schwegmann, C. (2012). Open data in developing countries”, in Platform, E. (Ed.), European Public Sector Information Platform Topic Report, EpsiPlatform,Germany.

Tauberer, J. (2009). Open data is civic capital: best practices for open government data”,

The White House (2009), Memorandum for The Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies:Open Government Directive, Omb, Washington.

Victoria Louise Lemieux Brianna Gormly Lyse Rowledge (2014). Meeting Big Data challenges withvisual analytics: Records Management Journal,Vol. 24 Iss 2 pp. 122 – 141.

Zhang, J., Dawes, S.S. and Sarkis, J. (2005) Exploring stakeholders’ expectations of the benefits and barriers of e-government knowledge sharing.The Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 18 No. 5.

Zuiderwijk, A. and Janssen, M. (2013) Open data policies, their implementation and impact: a framework for comparison.GovernmentInformation Quarterly, Vol. 31 No. 1.

Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., Meijer, R., Choenni, S., Charalabidis, Y. and Jeffrey, K. (2012) Issues and guiding principles for opening governmentaljudicial research data. in Al., H.J.S.E. (Ed.), Egov 2012, LNCS, Kristiansand.

Zuiderwijk, A and Janssen, M 2013 A coordination theory perspective to improve the use of open data in policy-making in Wimmer, M.A., Janssen, M. and Scholl, H.J. (Eds), EGOV, IFIP, Vol. 8074, pp. 38-49.

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Thank You!Asante !