PATHOLOGY OF EYELIDS AND ADNEXA

OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

Pathology of eyelids and adnexa are similar to those that occur in skin and appendages elsewhere in the body

Lesions of eyelids and adnexa are of following types

1.Cysts 2.Inflammations/infections 3.Metabolic changes & degenerations 4.Tumourous conditions 5.Tumours

CYSTS 3 Types Inclusion cysts Retention cysts Devolepmental

/dermoid cysts

Inclusion cysts Occur in any part of the eyelid

following trauma or infection Cyst – keratinous lined by stratified

squamous epithelium and the walls do not contain any appandages

Retention cysts Result of blockade of ductal

opening of eccrine glands The cyst may contain clear or

sebeceous material based on the type of gland involved

Dermoid Cysts These are encountered in midline

/fusion lines Frequently seen in infants or

adolescents Cysts may show intracranial extension

,containing keratosebaceous material and are lined by stratified squamous epithelium

The wall contain appendages such as sebaceous glands

INFLAMMATIONS /INFECTIONS Eyelid may be a source of a variety

of specific and non specific infective disorders

Some of the most frequently encountered lesions of the eyelid are presented below

BLEPHARITIS Type of inflammation affecting the

eyelids may be acute/chronic Lid margin inflammations are commonly

associated with dandruff and is termed as seborrhoeic Blepharitis.

Extension of inflammation may be noticed upto conjunctiva- blepharoconjunctivitis

Staphylococcus is responsible

Hordeolum Suppurative nonspecific

inflammation of lid Based on anatomical site of

inflammation -2 forms are recognized

Hordeolum externum Hordeolum internum

Suppurative inflammation of Zeiss and Moll glands

Hordeolum externum (stye)

Suppurative inflammation of Meibomian glands associated with blockage of duct

Hordeolum internum

CHALAZION Chronic non infective

granulomatous inflammation of sebaceous glands of lids with/without granulomatous reaction

Zeiss gland inflammation- external chalazion

Meibomian gland-internal chalazion

Other infections/inflammations Bacterial /myobacterial agents

may produce non granulomatous or granulomatous reaction accordingly.

Viral infections that affect skin

Molluscum contagiosum Presence of molluscum bodies

Result of enlargement and distension of epiderma cells with viral inclusions

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