NANODIMONDS –

A DRUG DELIVERY VECHICLE

PRESENTER-

J.RAHUL RAGHAVENDERCRI

PRIYADARSHINI DENTAL

COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

WHAT ARE NANODIAMONDS?

Nanodiamonds are created as byproducts

of conventional mining and refining

operations , which are approximately four

to five nanometers in diameters shaped like

tiny soccer balls..

This is a detonation

tank to create

nanodiamonds ,

not a nuclear device.

NANODIAMONDS AS A THERAPEUTIC

VEHICLE

The study led by Dr. Dean Ho, professor

of oral biology and medicine has found out

that nanodiamonds are used deliver bone

morphogenetic proteins(BMP) and fibroblast

growth factors.

Thus these nanodiamonds can be used as a

delivery vehicle of such proteins in bone

repair operations such as oral ,

maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery.

CONVENTIONAL PROCEDURE

During bone repair operations, a typically

costly and a time-consuming procedure called

Collagen-sponge technique is done , where

doctors insert a bulky collagen sponge through

invasive surgery to locally administer proteins

that promote bone growth such as BMPs .

This is an extremely painful procedure.

COLLAGEN SPONGE TECHNIQUE

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH

An alternative approach to this conventional

procedure, is the delivery of recombinant

BMPs which has to have a drug delivery

vehicle otherwise it simply diffuses away.

Studies demonstrate the ability of

nanodiamonds to effectively deliver BMPs

These nanodiamonds can be administered

non-invasively , such as by an injection or an

oral rinse.

The researchers discovered that delivering

these proteins with the help of nanodiamonds

could be much more effective than the

traditional method.

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Nanodiamonds provide a rich chemistry

with COOH groups on the surface,

allowing many types of biomolecules to be

attached.

This unique surface chemistry allows the

proteins (BMPs) to bind rapidly and

deliver slowly ,which may allow the

affected area to be treated for a longer

period of time.

BIOCOMPATIBILITY

ELIMINATES BURST RELEASE

TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

CHEMICAL STABILITY

FLUORESECENT PROPERTIES

MULTI - DRUG CARRIER

ADAVANTAGES OF NANODIAMONDS

(1) BIOCOMPATIBILITY:

Nanodiamonds are glassy carbon particles

which are known to be non-toxic.

The use of nanodiamonds offers a promising

combination of biocompatibility and the

capability to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Furthermore, initial safety tests both in vitro

and in vivo indicate that they are well tolerated

which is a promising step towards continued

translational development.

Nanodiamonds instilled within trachea were

reported of low pulmonary toxicity….

(2) ELIMINATES BURST RELEASE:

Burst release of drugs is too much of drugs

being released too quickly which can

actually hurt the patients more.

The unique surface modification of the

nanodiamonds holds the drugs firmly and

eliminates burst release.

Nanodiamonds , allowing a slower

and more sustained release of

treatment solution.

(3) TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM :

Ability to deliver the drugs to the desired sites.

(4) CHEMICAL STABILITY:

Not degraded by gastric acids or other secretions.

Ability to withstand harsh environments.

(5) FLOURESCENT PROPERTIES:

Fluorescence properties specifically designed

for bioimaging .

(6) NON EXPENSIVE:

Current strategies are being developed to

markedly reduce their cost production ,

which are not as expensive as the name

suggests.

This has been the foundation for a rapid

increase in nanodiamond suppliers from all

over the world.

(7) MULTI-DRUG CARRIER :

Nanodiamonds have the ability to

simultaneously deliver varying doses of two

growth factors :

Bone morphogenetic protein(BMP-2)

Fibroblast growth factor.

BMP-2 improves the bone production while

the other augments the process.

APPLICATIONS IN DENTISTRY

(a) In treatment of osteonecrosis of jaw ,a

potentially debilitating disease in which the

bones break down due to reduced blood

flow.

(b) As an additional procedure for placing

dental implants.

(c) Osteoporosis

(d) Oral and maxillofacial treatment or

surgeries.

(e) Regenerative medicine

CANCER TREATMENT

Nanodiamond-doxorubicin complex(ND-Dox)

were used to treat drug resistant breast and liver

cancer.

Nanodiamonds could carry the drug to the

cancer cells without being pumped out.

Due to their non-invasive sizes and unique

surface features, nanodiamonds can be easily

released without blocking up blood vessels.

ND-Dox complexes include the absence of

myelosuppression , osteonecrosis and also

significant reductions in the sizes of the

tumor.

REFERENCES

Dr.Dean Ho, preparation of fluorescent

magnetic nanodiamonds and cellular imaging.

Soc. 2008;130:15476-15481 [pub med]

Laura Moore, Nanotechnology.

Soc.2008; 125 :455-457 [pub med]

ONGOING RESEARCH WORKS..

Nanodiamonds boost the treatment of

chemoresistant leukemia. Dr Chow has studied

the biological basis of how nanodiamonds can

potentially overcome chemoresistance.

A large variety of applications for

nanodiamonds have been proposed including

electrochemical coating , polishing , lubricants ,

biosensors.

THANK YOU

Thanks to this study ,

Nanodiamond treatments will help you achieve the

oral health care that you deserve.