Socialisation

SOCIALISATION

Study unit 4

By C.Settley

Learning Outcomes

• Define the concept socialisation

• Describe the socialisation process

• Explore the four functions of the socialisation process

• Describe the phases of socialisation

• Discuss the following agents of socialisation:

The family

The school

The peer group

The mass media

The workplace

● Analyse Re socialisation and Anticipatory socialisation

Socialisation Defined. Page 55

The process of learning the beliefs, norms and values that are socially expected from us as members of a society or social group.

Process of internalizing norms (internalization is the process of acceptance of a set of norms established by people or groups which are influential to the individual. The process starts with learning what the norms are, and then the individual goes through a process of understanding why they are of value or why they make sense, until finally they accept the norm as their own viewpoint)

Social interaction occurs

4 Functions of the socialisationprocess

1) Establishes basic principles

Ranges from sanitary to scientific methods

Certain hygienic practices are universal irrespective of cultural content

Washing hands before and after

meals

Medical professions- to prevent

cross-infection


2) Identity

In traditional communities, identity is determined by factors such as gender, ethnic group and family status

In industrialised communities identity is based on personal achievement and is aquired later in life

Socialisation in nursing starts with nursing education and training


3) Teaches social roles

Guides us on how to fulfill social roles and teaches us the content, rights and obligations associated with these roles

Roles of a Nurse in her/his profession


4) Teaches an individual skills

Varies from communication skills to the handling of technical machinery

Conveyed from generation to generation

Normally learned through daily imitation and practice

Nursing Skills examples

Accurately gather information in a systematic manner in order to determine the health-related needs

• Assessed patient status (conditions) and notify physicians of clinical changes

• Assigned to provide patient care for 10 patients in area 2

• Assist patients in the rehabilitation process

• Calculate and administer medications

• Catheter, IV, and suctioning training

• Comfort the dying and support the families of those who are ill

• Educate patients/families on health care needs, conditions, options etc

• Educated patients for home care and discharge planning

• Teach procedures and health practices to patients and families

• Implement patient care for up to 12 patients per section

• Interact with departments regarding patient care

• Maintained sterile fields and application of dressings

• Medical terminology and medication administration skills

The phases of Socialisation. Page 64

PHASE 1: The commencement of togetherness

The establishment phase The expectation phase

Find home

Secure an income

Patterns of responsibility

Mutually satisfactory sexual relationship

System of emotional/intellectual communication

Relationship with family members

Patterns of interaction with friends/community

Develop a philosophy of life

Reach consensus on planning of a family

From the wife falls pregnant to the birth of children

New tasks: parenthood, reorientation of relationship

The phases of Socialisationcontinued

PHASE 2

Child bearing families & couples

PHASE 3

Families & couples with pre school children

CHILDREN:

- birth till 30 months

- dev sleeping patterns, feeding, communication

PARENTS:

- new roles

- attention

- career

CHILDREN:

30 months- 6 yrs old

habits, intellectual skills

Motor skills

Sleeping and eating patterns established

PARENTS:

28-32 yrs

New careers to increase standards of living

Mutual adjustment


PHASE 4

Families with school going children

PHASE 5

Families with teenagers

CHILDREN: 6-13 yrs

- complex tasks, skills

- self image

PARENTS:

- learn that child must develop certain degree of freedom

Career advancement

CHILDREN:

- emotional/physical maturity

- education

- prep phase of adulthood

PARENTS:

- role models

- less work orientated


PHASE 6

The family as a launching centre

PHASE 7

Families in the middle years

CHILDREN:

- study/leave home

- possible marriage

- career

- adult roles

PARENTS:

- acceptance of work situation

- finds joy in life

- pays more attention to other people

CHILDREN:

- until retirement of parents

- own families/careers

- start of phase 1

PARENTS:

- empty nest

- rediscover partners

- physical changes


PHASE 8

Ageing Families

Until death

Further physical changes

Pension, savings, old age homes

SocialisationAgents. Page 67

The Family

• Primary socialisation- primary function

• Internalisation of norms

• Language, morals, behaviour patterns, social identity, functioning member of society, Intellectual growth

• Authoritarian parents: strict discipline, demand discipline

• Permissive parents: less accountability is required from parents

• Directive parents: in-between above-mentioned


The school

• Unique functions

• Societal order

• learns reading, writing, foundation for tertiary education

• Secondary socialisation

• Intended function: to convey norms, values, skills and knowledge

• Unintended function: broadens social horizons, participation in activities, rules and sanctions, preview of adult world


The peer group

• Equal in age

• Friends, clubs, sport teams

• Important role in socialisation process:

• Wisdom of parents no longer a strong source of support

• Peer group has similar interests

• Membership voluntary. Members important to each other

• Influence

• Accepted by members of same age group


Mass media

•Radio, tv, newspapers, books, etc

•Conveys information


The workplace

• 1) Occupational choice

• 2)Anticipatory socialisation

• 3) Conditioning and commitment

• Continuous commitment

• See page75 on characteristics of outstanding nursing care

Re Socialisation

Takes place throughout the adult life

When person enter a institution- new work, prison, hospital, defence force etc

Old age- illnesses

Anticipatory Socialisation

Facilitated by social interactions Non-group-members learn to take on the values

and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it

It is the process of changing one's attitudes and behaviours, in preparation for a shift in one's role

Words commonly associated with anticipatory socialization include grooming, play-acting, training and rehearsing

EXAMPLE: Nurse working night shift

Learning Activity!!

Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. Page

References

Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. (2014). Nursing Sociology. 5th Edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/intern

al/i_nurse/classes_stud/BSN%20(4year)%20Program/Full%20time%20study/Third%20year/Foundations%20of%20Nursing%20Practicum/05.%20Health%20Care%20Delivery%20System,%20Nursing%20Research%20as%20the%20Basis%20of%20Nursing.htm

http://www.craven.k12.nc.us/bes/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene

The EndThank You

Health & Medicine

Socialisation