Learning Outcomes
• Define the concept socialisation
• Describe the socialisation process
• Explore the four functions of the socialisation process
• Describe the phases of socialisation
• Discuss the following agents of socialisation:
The family
The school
The peer group
The mass media
The workplace
● Analyse Re socialisation and Anticipatory socialisation
Socialisation Defined. Page 55
The process of learning the beliefs, norms and values that are socially expected from us as members of a society or social group.
Process of internalizing norms (internalization is the process of acceptance of a set of norms established by people or groups which are influential to the individual. The process starts with learning what the norms are, and then the individual goes through a process of understanding why they are of value or why they make sense, until finally they accept the norm as their own viewpoint)
Social interaction occurs
4 Functions of the socialisationprocess
1) Establishes basic principles
Ranges from sanitary to scientific methods
Certain hygienic practices are universal irrespective of cultural content
Washing hands before and after
meals
Medical professions- to prevent
cross-infection
4 Functions of the socialisationprocess
2) Identity
In traditional communities, identity is determined by factors such as gender, ethnic group and family status
In industrialised communities identity is based on personal achievement and is aquired later in life
Socialisation in nursing starts with nursing education and training
4 Functions of the socialisationprocess
3) Teaches social roles
Guides us on how to fulfill social roles and teaches us the content, rights and obligations associated with these roles
4 Functions of the socialisationprocess
4) Teaches an individual skills
Varies from communication skills to the handling of technical machinery
Conveyed from generation to generation
Normally learned through daily imitation and practice
Nursing Skills examples
Accurately gather information in a systematic manner in order to determine the health-related needs
• Assessed patient status (conditions) and notify physicians of clinical changes
• Assigned to provide patient care for 10 patients in area 2
• Assist patients in the rehabilitation process
• Calculate and administer medications
• Catheter, IV, and suctioning training
• Comfort the dying and support the families of those who are ill
• Educate patients/families on health care needs, conditions, options etc
• Educated patients for home care and discharge planning
• Teach procedures and health practices to patients and families
• Implement patient care for up to 12 patients per section
• Interact with departments regarding patient care
• Maintained sterile fields and application of dressings
• Medical terminology and medication administration skills
The phases of Socialisation. Page 64
PHASE 1: The commencement of togetherness
The establishment phase The expectation phase
Find home
Secure an income
Patterns of responsibility
Mutually satisfactory sexual relationship
System of emotional/intellectual communication
Relationship with family members
Patterns of interaction with friends/community
Develop a philosophy of life
Reach consensus on planning of a family
From the wife falls pregnant to the birth of children
New tasks: parenthood, reorientation of relationship
The phases of Socialisationcontinued
PHASE 2
Child bearing families & couples
PHASE 3
Families & couples with pre school children
CHILDREN:
- birth till 30 months
- dev sleeping patterns, feeding, communication
PARENTS:
- new roles
- attention
- career
CHILDREN:
30 months- 6 yrs old
habits, intellectual skills
Motor skills
Sleeping and eating patterns established
PARENTS:
28-32 yrs
New careers to increase standards of living
Mutual adjustment
The phases of Socialisationcontinued
PHASE 4
Families with school going children
PHASE 5
Families with teenagers
CHILDREN: 6-13 yrs
- complex tasks, skills
- self image
PARENTS:
- learn that child must develop certain degree of freedom
Career advancement
CHILDREN:
- emotional/physical maturity
- education
- prep phase of adulthood
PARENTS:
- role models
- less work orientated
The phases of Socialisationcontinued
PHASE 6
The family as a launching centre
PHASE 7
Families in the middle years
CHILDREN:
- study/leave home
- possible marriage
- career
- adult roles
PARENTS:
- acceptance of work situation
- finds joy in life
- pays more attention to other people
CHILDREN:
- until retirement of parents
- own families/careers
- start of phase 1
PARENTS:
- empty nest
- rediscover partners
- physical changes
The phases of Socialisationcontinued
PHASE 8
Ageing Families
Until death
Further physical changes
Pension, savings, old age homes
SocialisationAgents. Page 67
The Family
• Primary socialisation- primary function
• Internalisation of norms
• Language, morals, behaviour patterns, social identity, functioning member of society, Intellectual growth
• Authoritarian parents: strict discipline, demand discipline
• Permissive parents: less accountability is required from parents
• Directive parents: in-between above-mentioned
SocialisationAgents. Page 67
The school
• Unique functions
• Societal order
• learns reading, writing, foundation for tertiary education
• Secondary socialisation
• Intended function: to convey norms, values, skills and knowledge
• Unintended function: broadens social horizons, participation in activities, rules and sanctions, preview of adult world
SocialisationAgents. Page 67
The peer group
• Equal in age
• Friends, clubs, sport teams
• Important role in socialisation process:
• Wisdom of parents no longer a strong source of support
• Peer group has similar interests
• Membership voluntary. Members important to each other
• Influence
• Accepted by members of same age group
SocialisationAgents. Page 67
The workplace
• 1) Occupational choice
• 2)Anticipatory socialisation
• 3) Conditioning and commitment
• Continuous commitment
• See page75 on characteristics of outstanding nursing care
Re Socialisation
Takes place throughout the adult life
When person enter a institution- new work, prison, hospital, defence force etc
Old age- illnesses
Anticipatory Socialisation
Facilitated by social interactions Non-group-members learn to take on the values
and standards of groups that they aspire to join, so as to ease their entry into the group and help them interact competently once they have been accepted by it
It is the process of changing one's attitudes and behaviours, in preparation for a shift in one's role
Words commonly associated with anticipatory socialization include grooming, play-acting, training and rehearsing
EXAMPLE: Nurse working night shift
References
Du Toit, D.A. & Van Staden S.J. (2014). Nursing Sociology. 5th Edition. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygiene http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/intern
al/i_nurse/classes_stud/BSN%20(4year)%20Program/Full%20time%20study/Third%20year/Foundations%20of%20Nursing%20Practicum/05.%20Health%20Care%20Delivery%20System,%20Nursing%20Research%20as%20the%20Basis%20of%20Nursing.htm
http://www.craven.k12.nc.us/bes/