TOXICOLOGYPOISONING, GENERAL

MANAGEMENT, ROLE OF PHARMACIST

CONTENTSToxicology

Epidemiology

Types

Management Of Poisoning

Supportive Care

GIT Decontamination

Role of Pharmacist

Toxicology

• Latin “Toxicum” • Greek “Toxikom”• Poison: “Producing harmful effects on living organism”

Epidemiology

Under 5: 75%

Over 5: 15%

Adults: 10%

WHO: 3,

46,000 deaths

Types

• ACUTE

• CHRONIC

Fundamentals of Management• “What To Do, In What Order To Do”

• Initial resuscitation & stabilization

• Removal of toxin

• Prevention of further absorption

• Increase elimination

Management of Poisoning

• Supportive care:Airway protectionOxygenation/ventilationHemodynamic supportTreatment of seizuresCorrection of temperature abnormalitiesPrevention of secondary complications

GIT DecontaminationDilution of Poison:

vehicle

• Water

1-2 cups

• Children

2-3 cups

• Adults

Emesis

Syrup of Ipecac Apomorphine Soap Solution Mechanical

Stimulation

Adsorption

Activated

charcoal

100-120 g for

adults

15-30 g for

children

Drug charcoal complex

Gastric Lavage

• Washing out of stomach

• 50-100 ml for children

• 200-300 ml for adults

• Water, saline solution

• Whole Bowel Irrigation

• Forced Diuresis

• Hemodialysis

• Hemoperfusion

Role Of Pharmacist• Management of poisoning• Poison control center• Information concerning poisons• antidotes management• Provide prevention services • Educate community, other health care

professionals• Organized database management

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