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GENERAL TOXICOLOGY GENERAL TOXICOLOGY

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY. CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES

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GENERAL TOXICOLOGYGENERAL TOXICOLOGY

GENERAL TOXICOLOGYGENERAL TOXICOLOGY

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATIONTOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDESGENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

CHEMICAL BASIS OF CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYTOXICOLOGY

ABSORPTION & DISTRIBUTIONABSORPTION & DISTRIBUTION

BIOCHEMISTRY OF TOXICITYBIOCHEMISTRY OF TOXICITY

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

ADSORPTIONADSORPTION

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION

» LIPID/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENTLIPID/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

» CONCENTRATION INSIDE & OUTSIDE THE CONCENTRATION INSIDE & OUTSIDE THE CELLCELL

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

ADSORPTIONADSORPTION

SPECIALIZED TRANSPORTSPECIALIZED TRANSPORT

» ACTIVE TRANSPORTACTIVE TRANSPORT

» FACILITATED DIFFUSIONFACILITATED DIFFUSION

» MEMBRANE PROCESSESMEMBRANE PROCESSES

PHAGOCYTOSISPHAGOCYTOSIS

PINOCYTOSISPINOCYTOSIS

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

ADSORPTIONADSORPTION

SKINSKIN

» DMSODMSO

» CCLCCL44

» PARATHION/MALATHIONPARATHION/MALATHION

» SARIN (POTENT NERVE GAS)SARIN (POTENT NERVE GAS)

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

ADSORPTIONADSORPTION

LUNGSLUNGS

» PARTICULATESPARTICULATES

» VOLATILE GASESVOLATILE GASES

» VOLATILE ORGANICSVOLATILE ORGANICS

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION

CELL TO CELLCELL TO CELL

ORGAN TO ORGANORGAN TO ORGAN

MOVEMENT INTO TOTAL BODY WATERMOVEMENT INTO TOTAL BODY WATER

» PLASMA WATERPLASMA WATER

» INTERSTITIAL WATERINTERSTITIAL WATER

» INTRACELLULAR WATERINTRACELLULAR WATER

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

BIOCHEMISTRY OF TOXICITYBIOCHEMISTRY OF TOXICITY

REACTION TYPESREACTION TYPES

» OXIDATIONOXIDATION

» REDUCTIONREDUCTION

» HYDROLYSISHYDROLYSIS

» CONJUGATIONCONJUGATION

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

OXIDATIONOXIDATION

OXYGEN IS INCORPORATED INTO THE OXYGEN IS INCORPORATED INTO THE SUBSTRATESUBSTRATE

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

REDUCTIONREDUCTION

THE ADDITION OF ELECTRONS TO THE THE ADDITION OF ELECTRONS TO THE COMPOUND UNDERGOING REDUCTIONCOMPOUND UNDERGOING REDUCTION

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

HYDROLYSISHYDROLYSIS

THE ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF BONDS THE ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE OF BONDS BY WATERBY WATER

» ADDITION OF HYDROGENADDITION OF HYDROGEN

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

CONJUGATIONCONJUGATION

USUALLY LAST STEP IN METABOLIC USUALLY LAST STEP IN METABOLIC TRANSFORMATIONTRANSFORMATION

USUALLY GENERATE NON-TOXIC USUALLY GENERATE NON-TOXIC PRODUCTS OF HIGH POLARITYPRODUCTS OF HIGH POLARITY

» RAPID EXCRETIONRAPID EXCRETION

CHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGYCHEMICAL BASIS OF TOXICOLOGY

CONJUGATIONCONJUGATION

GLUCURONYL TRANSFERGLUCURONYL TRANSFER

ACETYLATIONACETYLATION

SULFATIONSULFATION

GLUTATHIONE CONJUGATIONGLUTATHIONE CONJUGATION

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSAGENTS

FACTORS CONTROLLING TARGET ORGAN FACTORS CONTROLLING TARGET ORGAN TOXICITYTOXICITY

DERMATOTOXICOLOGYDERMATOTOXICOLOGY

NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS (KIDNEYS) NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS (KIDNEYS)

HEPATOTOXIC AGENTS (LIVER)HEPATOTOXIC AGENTS (LIVER)

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

FACTORS CONTROLLING TARGET ORGAN FACTORS CONTROLLING TARGET ORGAN TOXICITYTOXICITY

ROUTE OF EXPOSUREROUTE OF EXPOSURE

DISTRIBUTION IN THE BODYDISTRIBUTION IN THE BODY

METABOLISMMETABOLISM

EXCRETIONEXCRETION

SENSITIZATIONSENSITIZATION

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

DERMATOTOXICOLOGYDERMATOTOXICOLOGY

TOXIC DAMAGE (SKIN)TOXIC DAMAGE (SKIN)

» PRIMARY IRRITATIONPRIMARY IRRITATION

ABSOLUTE IRRITANTSABSOLUTE IRRITANTS

RELATIVE IRRITANTSRELATIVE IRRITANTS

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

DERMATOTOXICOLOGYDERMATOTOXICOLOGY

TOXIC DAMAGE (SKIN)TOXIC DAMAGE (SKIN)

» SUNLIGHT-ASSOCIATED TOXICITIESSUNLIGHT-ASSOCIATED TOXICITIES

PHOTO ALLERGYPHOTO ALLERGY

PHOTOTOXICITYPHOTOTOXICITY

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

DERMATOTOXICOLOGYDERMATOTOXICOLOGY

TOXIC DAMAGE (EYE)TOXIC DAMAGE (EYE)

» CORNEACORNEA

» LENS - CATARACT (DINITROPHENOL)LENS - CATARACT (DINITROPHENOL)

» RETINARETINA

» OPTIC NERVE - BLINDNESS (CSOPTIC NERVE - BLINDNESS (CS22 , METHANOL) , METHANOL)

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS (KIDNEYS)NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS (KIDNEYS)

HEAVY METALSHEAVY METALS

MERCURYMERCURY LEADLEAD

CADMIUMCADMIUM BISMUTHBISMUTH

URANIUMURANIUM ARSENICARSENIC

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS (KIDNEYS)NEPHROTOXIC AGENTS (KIDNEYS)

MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALSMISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS

ETHYLENE GLYCOLETHYLENE GLYCOL

CARBON TETRACHLORIDECARBON TETRACHLORIDE

KEROSENEKEROSENE

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

HEPATOTOXIC AGENTS (LIVER)HEPATOTOXIC AGENTS (LIVER)

TOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH LIPID TOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH LIPID SOLUBLE AGENTSSOLUBLE AGENTS

DIRECT LIVER INJURYDIRECT LIVER INJURY

» ALCOHOLIC TYPEALCOHOLIC TYPE

» TOXIC METABOLITETOXIC METABOLITE

CHRONIC HEPATOTOXICITYCHRONIC HEPATOTOXICITY

SYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTSSYSTEMIC RESPONSES TO TOXIC AGENTS

HEPATOTOXIC AGENTS (LIVER)HEPATOTOXIC AGENTS (LIVER)

HEPATIC CHEMICAL CARCINOGENSHEPATIC CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS

VINYL CHLORIDEVINYL CHLORIDE ARSENICARSENIC

PHENOBARBITALPHENOBARBITAL BUTTER YELLOWBUTTER YELLOW

TRICHLOROETHYLENETRICHLOROETHYLENE DIOXANEDIOXANE

AFLATOXINAFLATOXIN NITROSAMINESNITROSAMINES

POLYHALOGENATED POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONSPOLYHALOGENATED POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS

TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATIONRADIATION

INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH MATTERWITH MATTER

EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMSEFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATIONTOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION

INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH MATTERWITH MATTER

INDIRECTLY IONIZING (PHOTONS)INDIRECTLY IONIZING (PHOTONS)

» X-RAYSX-RAYS

» GAMMA RAYSGAMMA RAYS

» NEUTRONSNEUTRONS

» NEUTRAL MESONSNEUTRAL MESONS

TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATIONTOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION

INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION INTERACTIONS OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH MATTERWITH MATTER

DIRECTLY IONIZING (CORPUSCULAR)DIRECTLY IONIZING (CORPUSCULAR)

» POSITRONSPOSITRONS

» ALPHA PARTICLESALPHA PARTICLES

» BETA PARTICLESBETA PARTICLES

» CHARGED MESONSCHARGED MESONS

» ACCELERATOR PARTICLESACCELERATOR PARTICLES

» FISSION FRAGMENTSFISSION FRAGMENTS

TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATIONTOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION

EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMSEFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

ACUTE RESPONSEACUTE RESPONSE

» SKINSKIN

» GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMGASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

» HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEMHEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM

» CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYNDROMECENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYNDROME

TOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATIONTOXICOLOGY OF IONIZING RADIATION

EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMSEFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

LOW LEVEL RESPONSELOW LEVEL RESPONSE

» RADIATION CARCINOGENESISRADIATION CARCINOGENESIS

5 REM (ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT MAN)5 REM (ROENTGEN EQUIVALENT MAN)

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDESPESTICIDES

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDESPESTICIDES

ORGANOPHOSPHATE & CARBAMATE ORGANOPHOSPHATE & CARBAMATE INSECTICIDESINSECTICIDES

HERBICIDESHERBICIDES

PYRETHROID INSECTICIDESPYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDESGENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDESPESTICIDES

LIPID SOLUBLELIPID SOLUBLE

BIO-ACCUMULATIONBIO-ACCUMULATION

MANY ARE CARCINOGENICMANY ARE CARCINOGENIC

» ALDRINALDRIN

» DIELDRINDIELDRIN

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDESGENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES

ORGANOPHOSPHATE & CARBAMATE ORGANOPHOSPHATE & CARBAMATE INSECTICIDESINSECTICIDES

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORSCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

» ATROPINEATROPINE

» PRALIDOXIME (2-PAM)PRALIDOXIME (2-PAM)

DELAYED NEUROPATHYDELAYED NEUROPATHY

» TRI-ORTHO-CRESYL PHOSPHATE (TOCP)TRI-ORTHO-CRESYL PHOSPHATE (TOCP)

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDESGENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES

HERBICIDESHERBICIDES

GREATEST TOTAL VOLUME OF GREATEST TOTAL VOLUME OF PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION

KILL PLANTS OR INHIBIT PLANT GROWTHKILL PLANTS OR INHIBIT PLANT GROWTH

» AMINOTRIAZOLEAMINOTRIAZOLE

» 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4-D)2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4-D)

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDESGENERAL TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES

PYRETHROID INSECTICIDESPYRETHROID INSECTICIDES

NATURAL & SYNTHETIC ANALOGUESNATURAL & SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES

POTENTIAL NEUROTOXICANTSPOTENTIAL NEUROTOXICANTS

» FAIRLY LARGE DOSES REQUIREDFAIRLY LARGE DOSES REQUIRED

RELATIVELY SAFE INSECTICIDESRELATIVELY SAFE INSECTICIDES

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

GENERAL FACTORS INFLUENCING GENERAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TOXICITYTOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

ALKALINE EARTH METALSALKALINE EARTH METALS

Na, K, Ca, FeNa, K, Ca, Fe

ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTSESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS

Zn, Mg, Cu, Ni, Mn, Co, Cr, I, Me, SeZn, Mg, Cu, Ni, Mn, Co, Cr, I, Me, Se

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

GENERAL FACTORS INFLUENCING GENERAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TOXICITYTOXICITY

MOLECULAR SITE OF ACTIONMOLECULAR SITE OF ACTION

ABSORPTIONABSORPTION

ORGAN SELECTIVITYORGAN SELECTIVITY

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

GENERAL FACTORS INFLUENCING GENERAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TOXICITYTOXICITY

SOLUBILITYSOLUBILITY

ELECTROCHEMICAL NATUREELECTROCHEMICAL NATURE

ABILITY TO FORM STABLE LIGANDS OR ABILITY TO FORM STABLE LIGANDS OR CHELATESCHELATES

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)GROUP IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)

» ESSENTIAL ELEMENTSESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

» EXCESSIVE INTAKE CAN INDUCE EXCESSIVE INTAKE CAN INDUCE TOXICITYTOXICITY

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IB (Cu, Ag, Au)GROUP IB (Cu, Ag, Au)

» BASICALLY NON-TOXICBASICALLY NON-TOXIC

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)GROUP IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)

» BASICALLY NON-TOXICBASICALLY NON-TOXIC

» BERYLLIUM CAUSES LUNG FIBROSISBERYLLIUM CAUSES LUNG FIBROSIS

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg)GROUP IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg)

» FORM STRONG COVALENT BONDS - FORM STRONG COVALENT BONDS - AFFINITY FOR THIOL BONDSAFFINITY FOR THIOL BONDS

» MERCURY & CADMIUM HAVE MERCURY & CADMIUM HAVE CUMULATIVE EFFECTCUMULATIVE EFFECT

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IIIA (Al, In, Tl)GROUP IIIA (Al, In, Tl)

» RARELY CAUSE INTOXICATION DUE TO RARELY CAUSE INTOXICATION DUE TO LIMITED USAGELIMITED USAGE

» DAMAGE INVOLVES KIDNEY & LIVER DAMAGE INVOLVES KIDNEY & LIVER NECROSIS AND SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGENECROSIS AND SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGE

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IIIB (Sc, Y, and LANTHANIDES)GROUP IIIB (Sc, Y, and LANTHANIDES)

» LOW SOLUBILITY AND RARITY OF LOW SOLUBILITY AND RARITY OF EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

» THORIUM IS AN EXCEPTION DUE TO THORIUM IS AN EXCEPTION DUE TO RADIOACTIVITYRADIOACTIVITY

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IVA (Ge, Sn, Pb)GROUP IVA (Ge, Sn, Pb)

» GERMANIUM & TIN ARE OF LOW GERMANIUM & TIN ARE OF LOW SOLUBILITY AND TOXICITYSOLUBILITY AND TOXICITY

ORGANIC FORMS CAUSE NEUROTOXICITYORGANIC FORMS CAUSE NEUROTOXICITY

» LEAD - INORGANIC & ORGANIC FORMS LEAD - INORGANIC & ORGANIC FORMS HIGHLY TOXICHIGHLY TOXIC

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP IVB (Ti, Zr, Hf)GROUP IVB (Ti, Zr, Hf)

» LOW SOLUBILITY AND TOXICITYLOW SOLUBILITY AND TOXICITY

» ZIRCONIUM PRODUCES HYPER-ZIRCONIUM PRODUCES HYPER-SENSITIVITY IN SKIN & LUNGSENSITIVITY IN SKIN & LUNG

DEODORANTSDEODORANTS

HAIR SPRAYSHAIR SPRAYS

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP V (ARSENIC [As])GROUP V (ARSENIC [As])

» EXPOSURE MAINLY IN MANUFACTURINGEXPOSURE MAINLY IN MANUFACTURING

WEED KILLERSWEED KILLERS

WOOD PERSERVATIVESWOOD PERSERVATIVES

INSECTICIDESINSECTICIDES

METAL TOXICITYMETAL TOXICITY

TOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALSTOXIC ACTION OF SPECIFIC METALS

GROUP V (ARSENIC [As])GROUP V (ARSENIC [As])

» AsAs22OO55 BROKEN DOWN TO As BROKEN DOWN TO As22OO33 (MORE TOXIC (MORE TOXIC FORM)FORM)

» PROGRESSIVE NEUROPATHY, ANEMIA AND PROGRESSIVE NEUROPATHY, ANEMIA AND ULCERATION OF NASAL SEPTUMULCERATION OF NASAL SEPTUM

» CANCER OF SKIN, LUNG AND UPPER CANCER OF SKIN, LUNG AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACTRESPIRATORY TRACT

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

INCREASEDINCREASED DECREASEDDECREASED

AMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINES ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS

COCAINECOCAINE BARBITURATESBARBITURATES

BELLADONNA ALKALOIDSBELLADONNA ALKALOIDS CLONIDINECLONIDINE

FLUOROACETATEFLUOROACETATE GLUTETHIMIDEGLUTETHIMIDE

HEXACHLOROBENZENEHEXACHLOROBENZENE HALOPERIDOLHALOPERIDOL

SALICYLATESSALICYLATES PHENOTHIAZINESPHENOTHIAZINES

TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTSTRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

PULSEPULSE

BRADYCARDIABRADYCARDIA ARRHYTHMIASARRHYTHMIAS

ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS ARSENICARSENIC

CARBAMATESCARBAMATES CAFFEINECAFFEINE

ORGANOPHOSPHATESORGANOPHOSPHATES SOLVENTSSOLVENTS

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

RESPIRATORY RATERESPIRATORY RATE

INCREASEDINCREASED DECREASEDDECREASED

CARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS

CYANIDECYANIDE COCO

FLUOROACETATEFLUOROACETATE CYANIDECYANIDE

HEXACHLOROBENZENEHEXACHLOROBENZENEPHENOTHIAZINESPHENOTHIAZINES

METHANOLMETHANOL

NITRITESNITRITES

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

BLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD PRESSURE

INCREASEDINCREASED DECREASEDDECREASED

AMPHETAMINESAMPHETAMINES BARBITURATESBARBITURATES

BELLADONNA ALKALOIDSBELLADONNA ALKALOIDS CYANIDECYANIDE

COCAINECOCAINE IRONIRON

PHENCYCLIDINEPHENCYCLIDINE NITRITESNITRITES

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

SKINSKIN

DRYDRY MOISTMOIST

ANTIHISTAMINESANTIHISTAMINES ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS

BELLADONNA ALKALOIDSBELLADONNA ALKALOIDS ARSENICARSENIC

GLUTETHIMIDEGLUTETHIMIDE CARBAMATESCARBAMATESMERCURYMERCURY

ORGANOPHOSPHATESORGANOPHOSPHATES

THALLIUMTHALLIUM

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

SKIN COLORSKIN COLOR

FLUSHEDFLUSHED CYANOTICCYANOTIC

ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS ANILINE DYESANILINE DYES

BORIC ACIDBORIC ACID COCO

CARBON MONOXIDECARBON MONOXIDE CYANIDECYANIDE

MSGMSG NITRITESNITRITES

NITRITESNITRITES

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

SKIN COLORSKIN COLOR

JAUNDICEDJAUNDICED

ANILINE DYESANILINE DYES

ARSENICARSENIC

ARSINE GASARSINE GAS

CARBON TETRACHLORIDECARBON TETRACHLORIDE

IRONIRON

PHOSPHORUSPHOSPHORUS

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

ODORSODORS

ACETONE: ACETONE, ALCOHOLS, PHENOLSACETONE: ACETONE, ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS

AROMATIC: HYDROCARBONSAROMATIC: HYDROCARBONS

BITTER ALMONDS: CYANIDEBITTER ALMONDS: CYANIDE

GARLIC:ARSENIC, DMSO, ORGANOPHOSPHATES, GARLIC:ARSENIC, DMSO, ORGANOPHOSPHATES, PHOSPHATES, TELLURIUM, THALLIUM PHOSPHATES, TELLURIUM, THALLIUM

PEARS: CHLORAL HYDRATEPEARS: CHLORAL HYDRATE

ROTTEN EGGS: HYDROGEN SULFIDEROTTEN EGGS: HYDROGEN SULFIDE

SHOE POLISH: NITROBENZENESHOE POLISH: NITROBENZENE

VIOLETS: TURPENTINEVIOLETS: TURPENTINE

WINTERGREEN: METHYLSALICYLATEWINTERGREEN: METHYLSALICYLATE

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTGASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

VOMITINGVOMITING PAINPAIN

ACIDSACIDS ARSENICARSENIC

ALKALIALKALI IRONIRON

ARSENICARSENIC BLACK WIDOWBLACK WIDOW

CAMPHORCAMPHOR

IRONIRON

FLUORIDEFLUORIDE

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMCENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CONVULSIONSCONVULSIONS COMACOMA

CAMPHORCAMPHOR ALCOHOLALCOHOL

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONSCHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS CARBAMATESCARBAMATES

LEADLEAD COCO

NICOTINENICOTINE CYANIDECYANIDE

ORGANOPHOSPHATESORGANOPHOSPHATES HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS

PHENOTHIAZINESPHENOTHIAZINES HH22SS

LEADLEAD

ORGANOPHOSPHATESORGANOPHOSPHATES

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMCENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

ATAXIAATAXIA PARALYSISPARALYSIS

ALCOHOLSALCOHOLS CARBAMATESCARBAMATES

HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS THALLIUMTHALLIUM

PHENYTOINPHENYTOIN ORGANOPHOSPHATESORGANOPHOSPHATES

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

ANTIDOTESANTIDOTES

COMPETITIVE ANTAGONISTCOMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST

OXYGEN FOR CARBON MONOXIDE POISONINGOXYGEN FOR CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING

NONCOMPETITIVE ANTAGONISTNONCOMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST

ATROPINE FOR ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONINGATROPINE FOR ORGANOPHOSPHATE POISONING

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

ANTIDOTESANTIDOTES

CHEMICAL NEUTRALIZATIONCHEMICAL NEUTRALIZATION

SODIUM THIOSULFATE FOR CYANIDE SODIUM THIOSULFATE FOR CYANIDE POISONINGPOISONING

METABOLIC INHIBITIONMETABOLIC INHIBITION

ETHANOL FOR METHANOL POISONINGETHANOL FOR METHANOL POISONING

CLINICAL TOXICOLOGYCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

ANTIDOTESANTIDOTES

OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONSOXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS

METHYLENE BLUE FOR METHYLENE BLUE FOR METHEMOHEMOGLOBINEMIA (CYANIDE)METHEMOHEMOGLOBINEMIA (CYANIDE)

CHELATING AGENTSCHELATING AGENTS

CALCIUM EDTA FOR LEAD OR ZINC POISONINGCALCIUM EDTA FOR LEAD OR ZINC POISONING

DIMERCAPROL (BAL) FOR ARSENIC POISONINGDIMERCAPROL (BAL) FOR ARSENIC POISONING