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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status & Research Update
Lisa Becton, DVM, MS, DACVPM
Dir. Swine Health Info & Research
National Pork Board
PEDV status world-wide• PEDV is currently active and considered endemic in different parts of the
world (China, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam – Pacific rim countries).– Canada had first positive cases in January 2014– Different strains identified in the U.K. (1970s) that did not appear as pathogenic as
the Chinese strains– Other countries with cases: Germany, Spain, France, Mexico, Colombia; Ecuador,
Ukraine, Peru
• PEDV is considered to be a production disease.
• Primary management tools within the U.S. = focus on targeted biosecurity efforts.– Killed vaccines are approved for use in the U.S. (two currently approved).
Courtesy of NAHLN
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal-health/secd
U.S. Swine Health Monitoring Project
752 breeding sites (20 systems)
2.1M sows
http://www.cvm.umn.edu/sdec/SwineDiseases/pedv/index.htm
As of January 15, 2015
Research/Knowledge Update
Research for PEDV & PDCoV
2013•~$1 million for research•Funded 14 projects– Basics of disease– Sow immunity (initial work)– Foundation for biosecurity
• 2014• ~$2 million for research• Funded 35 projects– Feed focus– Animal focus– Biosecurity validation– Disease monitoring
PEDV Research PrioritiesResearch Priorities – 2013:
•Basic Research of PEDV:– Who - What - Where - When - Why - How…– Diagnostic test development – Basics of disease transmission and survivability
•Sow immunity: (project duration ~ 12 months)• Duration of immunity• Optimizing feedback protocols• Diagnostic tests to assess sow and piglet immunity to PEDV
PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2014
Research priorities – 2014:
•Feed Focus:– Risk assessment for feed as transmission source– Intervention methods for feed (pelleting/additives)– Post-processing time on virus– Novel bioassay models
•Biosecurity Validation
•Animal Focus:– PEDV immunity development– PDCoV = pathogenicity & diagnostic test development
PEDV/PDCoV Research For 2015
• Hone in on more specifics of development, duration and optimization of sow immunity (based on 2013/2014 work)
• Feed interventions (based off of info from 2014)
• Novel vaccine administration technologies
Basics of virus survival - What have we learned?
Survivability of the virus•PEDV can survive in many different conditions:– Pits; feed slurry; manure; water – fresh
and recycle; feed ingredients– Survive in cold conditions– Survivability in pits can be time
dependent– PEDV + PCR found at 4 & 6 months– PEDV bioassay only + for 4 month
Key Messages• PEDV survives for extended time
in various substances = clean/disinfect for best control
• For pit/manure management:– Work at farms with longest time
since infection first, and farms most recently infected last
• Communication x 10 with all parties involved!!
Transportation - What have we learned?
Transportation management is critical!!!
•Certain procedures for trucks can kill the virus:
– 160˚F for 10 minutes kills PEDV– 68˚F for 7 days kills PEDV– Clean, disinfect and heat (see above)
can kill PEDV and other pathogens! • Quaternary ammonium/gluteraldehyde• Accel – hydrogen peroxide mix• Others… (bleach; phenolics etc.)
Key Messages• Prevent contamination as much as possible.
– Create a “Line of Separation” – Keep clean and dirty equipment separate– Avoid contamination of high risk areas
• Focus on removal of organic material for effective cleaning and disinfection.
• Recently infected farms = higher risk than farms with longer time after initial infection.– HIGH virus load in environment around the farm– Biosecurity and sanitation of equipment is critical
Identify the “Line of Separation”
Examples of the Line of Separation
18
PED Transportation Guidelines
Feed/Feed Systems - What have we learned?
Feed management– Takes a very small amount of
virus to infect pigs!– Some potential products can
help to eliminate virus in feed• Formaldehyde based; medium
chain fatty acids; essential oils
– Assessment of pelleting and heat treatment may be effective for point-in-time virus control
Immunity - What have we learned?
Immunity to the virus•We now have many different diagnostic tools to detect PEDV:
– Can detect the virus (PCR)– Can detect exposure to the virus (ELISA or IFA)– Can evaluate the level of immunity to the virus
(FFN, IFA)
•Basics of immunity:– Gut immunity is needed for protection– Piglets need to consume milk to be protected
against PEDV– The response to PEDV can vary by sow and so can
protection passed to piglets
Immunity - What have we learned?Immunity to the virus•Sows do respond to feedback and develop antibodies
– Oral exposure is best but exposure also causes clinical illness
– Vaccines can help, but killed products may not have enough foreign protein to stimulate immunity
•Sow immunity:– Immunity has been seen for at least 6-7
months– Work being done on cross-protection and
some degree of protection may be happening
– Will use results of these studies for continuation of work for 2015*
Communication of Research Results • Provide producers with “real-time” results
• Created a PEDV-specific site for all information
• Research updates available bi-weekly until project completion ; See www.pork.org/PEDV for biweekly updates
This message funded by America’s Pork Checkoff Program.
• Questions?
• 515-223-2791
