Update on PEDV

Lisa Becton, DVM, MS

National Pork Board

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)

• Overview of the disease• Current US status• Actions to manage PEDV• American Association of Swine Veterinarians

review• Q/A

PEDV – Initial focus

• Coordinated effort by all key stakeholders to understand where PEDV was/is occurring and how to best manage it:– United States Department of Agriculture (multiple

divisions)– National Pork Board– National Pork Producers Council– American Association of Swine Veterinarians

PEDV – what is it?

• PEDV is a diarrheal disease of pigs that has recently been found in the United States and is similar to the TGE virus (Transmissible Gastroenteritis virus)

• PEDV was confirmed in the US on May 16th, 2013 by diagnostic tests at the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, IA

PEDV – What it is…

• PEDV currently exists in many different parts of the world

• Considered to be a production disease

• Can be managed/controlled/eliminated with targeted biosecurity efforts

PEDV – What it is NOT…

• Not zoonotic• Not a food safety concern• Not a listed disease of the OIE• Not on the National Animal Health Reporting

System (NAHRS) Reportable Disease List• Not considered a Foreign Animal Disease in the

United States• No interstate trade restrictions pertaining to

PEDV

PEDV – What are the symptoms?

• PEDV symptoms can vary from TGE but are generally similar:– Symptoms on farm can range from mild to rapid and

explosive spread– Diarrhea and vomiting in pigs of all ages• Most severe in baby pigs

– Mortality ~ 100% for pigs < 7 days of age– Mortality ~ 90% in pigs 8-21 days of age

• Sows and older growing swine can show various degrees of illness, but generally more mild than baby pigs

PEDV – How is it diagnosed?

• Laboratory confirmation is the only way to diagnose and differentiate PEDV from TGE – Many different labs working together to have needed

diagnostic tests available: Iowa State, University of Minnesota, Kansas State, South Dakota State, NVSL

• Current diarrheal cases have detected TGE, so it is very important to work with your veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis!

PEDV – What is the current status?

• Positive samples have been identified in multiple states

• PEDV has been identified in both sow farms as well as growing pig sites

• Are there concerns about other potential sources of PEDV?

PEDV – status of sampling

• Confirmation of the disease has been from samples taken from sick pigs

• After the initial diagnosis of PEDV, concerns arose that feed or ingredients might be a potential source of PEDV– USDA has worked closely with the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) to sample feedstuffs– No positive samples have been identified to date– However, testing is ongoing

PEDV – What’s next?

2013 Supplemental Funding PED research•Speed and effectiveness •Transparent and objective•Targeted projects with short timeframes•Flexibility with oversight of Swine Health Committee leadership

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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea - PED

2013 Supplemental Funding request: $410,000•PEDV Needs

– Support current “entry” survey– Support next “epidemiology” survey– Carrier, immunity, transmission, challenge– Diagnostic tools and validation– Viral propagation and survival

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PEDV – What’s next?

• Work with the Swine Health Committee, AASV, NPPC and other key stakeholders to initiate the research process for PEDV

• Goal is to rapidly respond and provide needed information regarding PEDV for management of this virus

PEDv Investigation 2013

Survey Instrument

Primary infectionFirst site/herd – confirmed positive PEDvAny stage of productionRisk factors – common to all or many

confirmed positive casesCharacterize the clinical presentationAlso survey negative herd – case control for

comparison

Information Gathering

Herd information# & type on siteNearby farmsBiosecurityEntries onto siteTrucks/trailersSecurity breaches

Information Gathering - continued

InputsSemenVaccinesFeedFeed supplements/base mix/premixProtein

Characterize the clinical presentations on the farmClinical signsDate of onsetMorbidityMortalitySamples to veterinary diagnostic laboratoryRecovery

Data Analysis

National Center for Foreign Animal & Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD)

US Department of Agriculture – Center for Epidemiology And Animal Health (CEAH)

National Pork BoardNational Pork Producers CouncilAmerican Association of Swine Veterinarians

Next Steps

Lateral transmissionContainment & elimination?Hypotheses generationFurther research

This message funded by America’s Pork Checkoff Program.

Questions?