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ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES(ICT)IN MEDICAL FIELD
COMMUNICATION TOOLS GUIDE LEARNING
CT tools can be used to find, explore, analyze, exchange and present information responsibly and without discrimination. ICT can be employed to give users quick access to ideas and experiences from a wide range of people, communities and cultures
AN EXAMPLE—TECHNOLOGY OF STEPHEN HAWKING’S
WHEELCHAIRuses computer based communication using Intel i7 core processor and Intel solid state 520 series.
interface to the computer is EZ keys program which provides a keyboard on screen, where a cursor automatically scans the keys and stops with his cheek’s movement
when he has build the sentence, then speech synthesizers work to voice his words.
various facial recognition systems and brain controlled interfaces can be used in order to improve the communication speed.
ICT AND MEDICINE
MEDICALEQUIPMENT
PATIENT RECORDS
WEB BASED SUPPORT/
DIAGNOSIS
COMMUNICATION
RESEARCH
We may find symptoms diagnosis on the web.
Information is available about treatments and alternative therapy.
Support groups for people suffering from particular condition
Access to research and medical journals
The best example of this can be VisualDx which is a unique clinical decision support system that delivers diagnostic answers where and when physicians need them. WebMD is a android based application (requires data connectivity) used to educate people about health problems.
WEB BASED SUPPORT/DIAGNOSIS
E-MEDICINE
Online clinical medical knowledge base found in 1996By Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely.
Website easily searchable by Keywords and consists of 6800 Articles updated yearly.
Each article is authored by board certified specialists.
The article's authors are identified with their current faculty appointments
Although underemployed in most medical faculties, it represents the future of initial and continuous medical training. Virtual resources and communities, simulations and 3D animations.
E-LEARNING AND 3-D IMAGING
NEW ERA IN MEDICINE: WIRELESS MEDICAL DEVICES
Digital age is changing the nature of health care delivery.
Capitalizing new medical technologies that will improve care and lower costs.They can be either implanted on the body and used as an external devices.
Formers controls and monitors heart rhythms, monitor hypertension, electrical stimulation of nerves, glaucoma sensors and cranial pressures etc. Latter assists the movements of artificial limb and acts as a miniature base station for transmission an collection of various physiological parameters.
ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS REVOLUTIONMany products that were once tethered to patients,
positioned next to hospital beds and located at a nurses' station are now transportable
By incorporating a wireless protocol such as 802.11b into a patient monitor, a patient can leave their hospital bed while still having their vital signs continuously monitored through the hospital's access points
Allowed at-home patient monitoring, minimising patient trips to the hospital and saving valuable hospital space.
Quicker diagnosis via telemetry saves the time.
Bluetooth a low power, point-to-point protocol in medical space, enables increased patient mobility and gives healthcare professionals easier access to patient data. A good example is a wireless electrocardiogram
An 802.11b compact flash card designed by Plexus. The 802.11b protocol is the most common wireless network deployed in hospitals
WIRELESS MEDICAL TELEMETRY
use of telecommunication and IT in order to provide clinical health care at a distance
permit communications between patient and medical staff , as well as the Transmission of medical, imagingand various body vitals data from one site to another
Recent forms of telemedicine is achieved with videotelephony, and advanced diagnostic methods.
NASA first employed telemetry to monitor astronauts
Wireless medical telemetry transmits physiological data from patient to computer.
FDA : Food and Drug administration
FCC : Federal communication commission
CMS :Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services
CATEGORIES OF WIRELESS MEDICAL DEVICES
SHORT RANGE MEDICAL DEVICES:Transmit data from the patient to a local receiver/monitor.The receiver may or may not be connected to a central monitoring station.
Medical Body Area Network
Measure physiological information and performs diagnostics and theraptic actions using EM signals.
Operates in the range of 2360-2400MHz
Operates a distance up to few feet
Historically, these devices have been used to control cardio activity
Operate in the bands below 200kHz.
Communicates at a distance less than a feet from the patient.
INDUCTIVE IMPLANT
BLUETOOTH,WI-FI AND ZIGBEE
Unlicensed technologies used commonly with cell phones, PCs and held devices, can also be used for body worn medical devices.
These devices operate in 2400-2483.5 , 902-928, 5725-5850 MHz bands respectively
These operate at a distance up to few hundred feet.
COMPARISONCOMPARISON
LONG RANGE MEDICAL TELEMETRY
Transmits patient’s data directly to remote monitoring location.
WIRELESS MEDICAL TELEMETRYUses unlicensed spectrum to communicate data from body sensors to remote monitoring locations.
Operate in various bands between 600-1432MHz at a distance up to several 100 feet.
WiMAXOften referred to as last mile broadband access technology
Provides 70Mbps broadband at distance over several kilometre
Based on IEEE 802.16 standard and uses around 2.5GHz in US
DESIGN ISSUES
Electromagnetic Compatibility and performance of wireless functions.
Wireless Coexistence.
battery life.
Spectrum usage.
ICT changing the future of Health
The key developments in health care in last 25 years is the incursion of information and communications technologies . ICT has changed the ways in which medicine is practiced and taught.