CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS:

I) SYNARTHROSIS

- no movement- immovable joint- bony edges are quite close together and may even interlock.

a) Fibrous1. Suture – interlocked, bound by dense connective tissue (skull).

2. Gomphosis – fibrous connection - ligaments binds the tooth within the alveolus (roots of teeth with alveolae).

b) Cartilaginous1. Synchondrosis – connecting medium is cartilage ( petroccipital, sphenoccipital & sternocostal

joint).

II) AMPHIARTHROSIS

- little movement/ - slightly movable joints- bone usually farther apart

a) Fibrous1. Syndesmosis – connected by ligament ( tibia & fibula).

b) Cartilaginous2. Symphysis – bones separated by a broad disc or pad of fibrocartilage (between right & left pelvis, mandible, between adjacent vertebrae of the spinal column).

III) DIARTHROSIS- synovial joints- freely movable joints- wide range of motion

Synovial – complex joint bounded by joint capsule & containing synovial fluid. - subdivided according to the types; or ranges of movement permitted .

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:

1. Gliding

- flattened or slightly curved faces.

- two opposing surfaces slide past one another.

2. Hinge

- permit angular movement in a single plane.

- opening & closing of door

3. Pivot

- permit only rotation.- left to right head rotation- pronation & supination of palm

4. Ellipsoidal

- oval articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface.- angular motion occurs in two planes, along or across the length of the oval.

5. Saddle

- concave on one axis and convex on the other & the opposing faces nest together.

6. Ball & Socket

- round head of one bone nests within a cup-shaped depression in another.- all combinations of movement circumduction & rotation.