ALiCE Workshop

2014, Kampala, Uganda

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

Samuel A. Adediran1, Hameed F. Nuru1, Lois Muraguri1and Patrick Traill1.

Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed).

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Outlines

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

• GALVmed – background• Why pro-poor livestock?• Development

approaches: past, present and future

• Global Access principles• Case Studies• Conclusions

Part 1

Part 2

• An Animal health Product development & access Partnership organisation

• A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership • Pro-poor focus: working with key Partners to make a sustainable

difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers

GALVmed - GLOBAL ALLIANCE FOR LIVESTOCK VETERINARY MEDICINES

PART 1 - GALVmed Background – Who we are

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

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Poverty – What is it?

• Absolute measured or Income Threshold - <1.25 USD (Food & Nutrition Security)

• Deprivation of access - Poverty and Social Exclusion (PSE).

• Consensual – Public opinion – minimum acceptable standards

• The Minimum Budget Standards – costing basket of essential goods.

• Limitations in Capabilities, rights and wellbeing.

• Attitude & Mind set

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

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Why pro-poor livestock?

• Livelihood of ~1 Billion in Africa & Asia – 60% women• Agriculture provides ~30% GDP & Livestock 10 - 40% of it.• Food Security – Increasing demand.

- Beef value chain supports 70m persons – Africa- Dairy value chain supports 124m – Asia & 24m - EA- Small ruminants ~100m Income and investment- Up to 33% contribution to HH Income.

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

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Heterogeneity of Income Distribution

• Why pro-poor livestock

SSA=Sub-Saharan Africa, EA&P= East Asia and pacific, MENA=Middle East & North Africa, LAC=Latin American Countries, EE&CA = Eastern Europe and Central America

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Livestock Production – EU vs. Sub-Saharan Africa

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

Attribute Europe SSAfrica

Prod. Environment Rural Rural

Trend Few farms large herds Many farms small herds

Herd size Small - 50% Farms <20cattle Small - 70% Farms <5

Milk income ~80% 10-15%

Infrastructure 70-90% ~10%

System Mostly intensive Predominantly extensive

Feeds Grown pasture, high supplement Wild pasture, little supplement

Breeds Improved, high output/unit Unimproved, low output/unit

Applied Science & Tech Strong Weak

Policy Proactive Reactive

Adapted from Mannion & Phelan 2014

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Development Paradigms, past, present and future

Public funded programs People-centred - Pro-poor livestock Enterprise or privatisation driven Public Private Partnership approaches.

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

Who is benefiting from aid interventionsThose in need or those easier to reach?

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Environment• Weak policy environment• Corruption & Lack of political willl• Low human capital• Globalisation – Trade regulations• Poor services and infrastructure

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

The leaking Pipe Syndrome

What factors marginalize the poor?Industry• Commerce biased industry• Research – extension divide• Land tenure insecurity • Disease threat• Low input, low output production

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Outlines

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

• GALVmed – background• Why pro-poor livestock• Development approaches, past, present and future

• Global Access principles• Case Studies• Conclusions

Part 1

Part 2

What is Global Access?

We define Global Access (GA) as a principle applied through the value chain, from technology research to product use, which ensures sustainable access to animal health products and solutions needed by those for whom livestock is a lifeline, ultimately improving livelihoods.

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Global Access principles

PLSHL-2 (2013-2017)Diseases

Large ruminants •CBPP•ECFSmall ruminants•PPR•CCPP•Sheep/goat poxPoultry diseases•ND•FowlpoxPorcine diseases•Porcine cysticercosis•ASFPro-poor technologiesMultispecies diseases•RVF•Brucellosis•African animal trypanosomosis

Enabling Environment

1- Regulatory Process2- Intellectual Property3. Policy Landscape4. Enabling People5. Partnerships (PPP)

Trypanosomosis Programme

African animal trypanosomosis:

- Vaccine- Medication-Diagnostics-Clinical trials

GALVmed Program Conceptual Framework

Adapted from GALVmed - ESAC 2012 Final

Global Access CharterWho is the GAC For?GALVmed Staff, Internal & External partners, Everyone working with us

When is Global Access Applicable?

“We consider Global Access to be relevant to the entire value-chain: from research to use with the livestock farmer as our point of focus.”

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• Consultations PPP• Listening to Farmers

and stakeholders• Cold chain support• Business capacity

Development• Information technology

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

East Coast Fever vaccination - Malawi

2010 2011 2012 2013 20140

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

ECF-ITM vaccination - Malawi 2010 - 2014

ECF-ITM

Year (Apr-Mar)

Cattle Vaccinated

2 months

vacc

Case Studies

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Thermostable ND vaccine Pro-Poor Product packaging. Facilitate registration process Expand sustainable distribution networks Create awareness and sensitisation Holistic approach. Enable local partners - NGOs, CAHW, women

self help groups & cooperatives

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

Newcastle Disease vaccination for Backyard poultry - Strategies

Case Studies

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1. Challenges exists at all levels of the chain

2. Roles of the different stakeholders are often not clear in practice.

3. Challenges in Traditional market channels - unfair competition

4. Unusual factors distort the markets

5. Lack of capital hinders private sector

6. Huge business skills gaps

7. Assure sustainability, exit at entry

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

Lessons Learnt

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Conclusion: The Future Pathway

Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

Investment in human capital Good governance Vibrant service sector Support Public Private Partnership Application of Science & Technology Reduce carbon footprint – more carbon efficient production Holistic approach to production enterprise. Improve market access for added value Support ‘smallholder’ sector for value, resource use

optimization, & rural development / poverty alleviation Improve Policy environment.

Take Home Messages

Poverty has tangible and intangible dimensions

People drive change - Invest in human capital

Business not as usual – Good governance is critical

Cooperation, collaboration & coordination desired among value chain partners

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Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress

ALiCE Workshop

2014 Kampala, Uganda

Thank you!

Acknowledgements

ReferencesMartin Upton – FAO 2004. Prop-Poor Livestock Policy Initiatives – The Role of Livestock in economic development and Poverty Alleviation.

J. Otte, D. Roland-Holst & Nguyen Do Anh Tuan – 2010. The Role of Livestock in Sustainable Rural Development, Poverty Reduction, and Food Security

International Symposium on ‘Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia’Hanoi, 23 July 2010

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Pro-poor Livestock Agenda – Perspectives on missing links in the wheel of progress