Climate Change and AgricultureIqrar Ahmad Khan

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad

Partnering Universities:

CLIMATE CHANGE, FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE (IN CRISES)High Cost of Production Market Failures (World Wide)Compounded by Climate Change

Identified Climate Change-Research Themes

Re-defining Agro Ecological Zones of Pakistan

Establishment of Early Warning System/Ag Weather Network

Spatial and temporal field experimentation for climate change impact assessment of agriculture sector

To develop the mitigation and site specific adaptation strategies

Impact of CC on changing water scenario, glaciology, Glacier Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) and water shed management.

Selection of drought/heat/frost/submergence/salt resilient cropsSelection of drought/heat frost resilient livestock breeds

Improving forest management, biodiversity conservation and soil carbon sequestration to cope with CC

Identification of flood prone areas, nature of floods, alternate crops for flood areas

Submergence resistance in rice, and sugarcane through biotechnological intervention for flood resilience

EXAMPLES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Minimizing natural resource degradation Improving input use

efficiency, manipulation of sowing time and planting density in crops, management of heat and disease susceptible livestock and poultry breeds.

Selection of Better Genetic Potential Short lag phase, deep root system, climate resilient cultivars, livestock and poultry breeds.

Water conservation Ground water recharge especially for summer water overflow, efficient irrigation systems.

Modeling and Mapping forecast cropping/ livestock and poultry rearing patterns specific for the country.

Interaction with Stakeholders for transfer/ adoption of the adaptation strategies.

Alternate Crops and waterCropsIWR Water Saving Net Benefit

• Cotton-Wheat 96 inch Rs. 104400/-• Wheat-Soybean 72 inch 24 inch Rs. 138000/-• Rice-Wheat 156 inch Rs. 85000/-• Wheat-Sunflower 68 inch 88inch Rs. 124500/-• Sugarcane 120 inch Rs. 132000/-• Sugar beet-Maize 90 inch 30 inch Rs. 149800/-

• Diversification• Fodders, Vegetables, Oilseeds, Pulses, fiber

Policy initiatives: To Develop Infrastructure for CC

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA)

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM's)

Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC's)

Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS)

INDC • Methane Reduction (Carbon Credit)

• Livestock Dung• Puddled Rice• $2 billion export for $8 billion virtual water

• Invest in Technologies for Climate Smart Agriculture

• Invest in Breeding Programs and New Crops• Invest in Precision Agriculture• Incentivize Diversification• Halt Migration

Struggling for Survival-Give Them Seed/Flood Scholarships

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Climate Smart Rural Poultry-A Case Study• Importance

• Poultry production in rural areas• great importance as a primary supplier of eggs and meat

• Source of livelihood• especially to women as cost of keeping is low

• Source of high quality protein• One egg weighing 55g/day meets the 50% of protein

requirements of a child up to 5 years of age.

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Importance (conti…)• The scavenging chicken

• has a cultural, social, nutritional and economic value

• As a backyard poultry business • it is simple to operate and provides supplementary income for millions of the people in the rural and urban areas

• The contribution of rural poultry • Contribution in total eggs and poultry meat production of the country is about 35 and 15%, respectively.Eggs

CommercialRural

Poultry meat

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• Population of rural poultry • 40.18 million hens

• Egg Production- which are contributing 4.01 billion eggs annually.

• Consumer preference- indicates importance and preference of peoples for rural poultry and eggs

Importance (conti…)

(GOP, 2015)12

RhodeIslandRed 13

Fayoumi

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WhiteChicken

(commercial)

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Diversity is the key to combat global warming in future

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Pictures from: http://everything-poultry.com

Genes of future

FrizzledChicken

Naked Neck Chicken

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Host: University of Agriculture FaisalabadCollaborator: UAF Sub-campus Toba Tek SinghSponsor: Punjab Agricultural Research Board

Development of Egg-type Chicken Lines for Backyard Poultry

2011-2016(Rs 20.3 millions)

Objective: Two egg-laying chicken strains (feathered neck and naked neck UniGold) to be developed at UAF

(with field tested in TTSingh, Multan, Bahawalpur Districts and at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi)

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Breeding Plan to Produce Two Chicken Lines

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Within line selection for color and performance traits

Naked Neck Colored Feather Neck Colored

Naked-neck Local cocks

High producingHens880

F1 x F1 inter se

Feathered-neck ColoredNaked-neck Colored

For demonstration phase, some 1500 pullets and cockerels respectively of the two lines will be distributed in two phases to the registered

keepers/farmers and Poultry research Institute (PRI) for data collection, demonstration and comparison

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Naked Neckness

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Barring

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087MBWK1 087AWk28

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045FBWK1 045AWk28

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Naked Neckness

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Egg Color Variation in Unigold

51%

40%

1%6%

1% 1%Light brownBrownDark brownLight pinkPinkCreamy white

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Field Testing of UniGoldPRI Rawalpindi

30 HHs in Multan

30 HHs in Bahawalpur

30 HHs in TTS

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Performance parameters of Unigold at PRI

Parameter BarredNon-

BarredAverage Age at First Lay (weeks) 25 26Body Weight at First Lay (g) 1288 1189Hen-Day Production at 32 weeks (%) 71.42 83.25Average Egg Weight (g) 52.33 52.03Average Body Weight at 50 weeks (g) 1701 1650Average Production Per Hen in 11 Months (No’s)

167 200

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Training and dissemination events

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Training of farmers at collaborating institute (UAF Sub-Campus TT Singh)

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Distribution of Unigold pullets and cockerels at UAF Sub-campus TT Singh 31

Distribution of Unigold pullets and cockerels at UAF Sub-campus Burewala

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Indigenous cocks distribution at UAF sub-campus Burewala for Site-II33

Indigenous UniGold cock distribution ceremony at UAF Sub-campus, TTS

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Distribution of pullets and cockerels to widows

Distribution of 500 cockerels to 50 indigenous chicken rearing families at Tehsil Hasilpur

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UniGold-B UniGold-N

Conclusions and Acknowledgements

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Thank You

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