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www.ifrc.orgSaving lives, changing minds.
ICBRR PakistanICBRR Pakistan
Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR)
Concept, Processes and Outcomes
Shesh Kanta KafleDisaster Management Coordinator
IFRC Pakistan Delegation
August 21, 2015
www.ifrc.orgSaving lives, changing minds.
ICBRR Pakistan Purpose
To have a common understanding and conceptual clarity on IPA/ICBRR- its concept, processes and outcomes.
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ICBRR Pakistan Contents
Key terms and concepts Changing concepts and models in DRR/Health Integrated Programming Approach (IPA): What,
why and how? PRCS ICBRR program- program design, key
features and outputs Key Constraints and Challenges
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ICBRR Pakistan Key terms and concepts
Community resilience Disaster Risk Reduction Health interventions- Watsan, CBHFA Branch development
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ICBRR Pakistan Resilience
Resilience, with its roots in the Latin word resilio, means to ‘adapt’ and ‘bounce back’ from a disruptive event.
www.ifrc.orgSaving lives, changing minds.
ICBRR Pakistan Resilient community
A community which has the capacity to:• Anticipate, minimize and absorb potential
stresses or destructive forces through adaptation or resistance (withstand/resist)
Manage or maintain certain basic functions and structures during disastrous events (adapt)
Recover or ‘bounce back’ after an event. (recover)
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ICBRR Pakistan
Ingredients of a Resilient Community
Safe ‘Critical Facilities’
CashReserves
Disaster Preparedness
Local Institutions
EthicalStandards
Contingency and RR Plans
Memory of Past Events
Trained staff Coping Abilities
Trained volunteers
Local Leadership
External Support
Diversified Local
Economy
Responsible Governments
Healthy community
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ICBRR Pakistan
Resilient community
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ICBRR Pakistan
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ICBRR Pakistan Community resilience
Health—meaning physical, behavioral, social, and environmental health and wellbeing—is a big part of overall resilience. In many ways, health is a key foundation of resilience because almost everything we do to prepare for disaster and protect infrastructure is ultimately in the interest of preserving human health and welfare.
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ICBRR Pakistan Characteristics of a safe and resilient community
knowledgeable and healthy is organized is engaged in the development of local policy Is connected has infrastructure and services for mitigating
(risks) has economic opportunities Can manage natural resources
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ICBRR Pakistan Disaster risk reduction
A systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster.
"The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.” (UNISDR 2009).
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ICBRR PakistanHealth interventions- watsan, CBHFA
The CBHFA and Watsan seek to create a healthy and resilient community through Disease Prevention by Health Education, First Aid services and referrals, ensuring utilization of safe drinking water, appropriate sanitation facilities and adaptation of hygienic practices.
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ICBRR PakistanBranch Development-key elements
1. Branch Development (establishment)2. Branch Development (image building)3.Youth & Volunteer (identification, enrolment & capacity building)4. Resource Mobilization (fund raising)
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ICBRR Pakistan Evolution of DRR Approaches
>1980s 2004-
CBDP CBDMCBDRM/CBDRR
IPA /ICBRR
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ICBRR Pakistan Shift in paradigm: From hazard centric to integrated risk reduction
Conceptual formula
Focus onConceptual formula Focus
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ICBRR Pakistan
CBHFA - evolution.
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ICBRR PakistanFrom response to resilience: the paradigm shift of PRCS programming approach
2014: Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction Program (ICBRR)
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ICBRR Pakistan Where are we coming from?
1984: Prevention is Better than Cure 1990s: Reducing Risk 2002: WDR - Reducing Risk 2004: WDR - Community Resilience 2007: 30th International Conference “Together for Humanity” 2008: Framework for Community Safety and Resilience; Strategy 2020, strengthening community
resilience; 2008 and 2009: Global DRR Forum in Oslo 2011: Characteristics of a resilience community( Arup study); 2011: Global Community Resilience
Forum in Damascus; 2011, 2013: GA Workshops on Community Resilience 2012: “Road to Resilience” discussion paper 2013: “Roadmap to Resilience” package 2014: Global Community Resilience Forum in Cali, Colombia 2015: Sendai DRR conference.
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ICBRR PakistanIntegrated Programming Approaches (IPA): Evolution
Global trend and organizational mandates-HFA, SDRRF
IFRC Community and safety resilience approach 2008 (2014)
SARD SGF Colombo, 2007 PRCS IPA model 2007 PRCS Policy 2008, DM strategy 2008
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ICBRR PakistanIntegrated Programming Approaches (IPA)
CSR model (IFRC SEARD). ICBRR program at PMI, Indonesia CBDRR with sectoral components
(Maldives, DRC/PRCS…) IPA program (Sri Lanka, Tamilnadu/India) CBDRR with MSA tool (Myanmar) ICBRR programs (Pakistan, Timor Leste)
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ICBRR Pakistan
Integrated Programming Approach
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ICBRR Pakistan What is IPA?
A multi-sectoral intervention to achieve a common goal i.e. community resilience.
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA
“…a holistic approach to addressing the risks and needs faced by the community…(It) is an approach that incorporates key components of the National Society's core program areas into holistic program model, which recognizes the beneficiary /beneficiaries in their totality of needs and rights.” (IFRC 2009)
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ICBRR Pakistan
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ICBRR Pakistan
Pakistan Red Crescent SocietyIPA model (after SGF Colombo, 2007)
.
Organisational Development
Health & Care
SaferCommunities
International
NHQ
Provincial
District
Communities
BRANCH DEVELOPMENT
GENDER & COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
HUMANITARIAN VALUES
CAPACITY BUILDING
R
E
S
O
U
R
C
E
S
DisasterManagement
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ICBRR Pakistan Why Integrated programming?
Unsustainable rise in the disaster losses New kinds of threats and vulnerabilities
emerging- presenting new resilience challenges;
Solution requires a transdisciplinary approach; problems too complex for a singe entity or discipline.
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ICBRR Pakistan
Global Disaster Losses
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ICBRR Pakistan
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ICBRR Pakistan Disaster losses in Pakistan
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ICBRR Pakistan Frequency of hazards in Pakistan
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ICBRR Pakistan Why Integrated programming?
Providing holistic response to a community’s prioritized needs.
The ability to address multiple risks More sustained and effective program
that contribute to building community resilience
Potential efficiencies as a result of joint activities and reporting
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ICBRR PakistanIntegrated Programming Approach (IPA)
ICBRR is one example of IPA. Defining Integrated Programming is an on-
going process within the RCRC Movement. Integrated programming provides a holistic
and multi-sector approach to addressing risks, vulnerabilities and needs.
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA Concept
“Integration is not simply the inclusion of multiple elements within a program. It is a different approach that combines mutually supportive program elements which collectively contribute to achieving a common program objective” (DRC 2012).
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA concept
“Single-sector program with add-on elements- for example, a CBDRR program containing a minor component of health, psychosocial support, or a health program which contains an element addressing awareness raising on natural disasters or climate change adaptation- should not be confused with fully integrated programming that requires a different approach” (DRC 2012).
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ICBRR Pakistan Stand alone program
Watsan
BD/OD
CBHFA
Health
•Led by DM or health sector •One team of single sector•Some components in the plan are multi-sectoral•Other sectors are consulted when there is a need during the project implementation (especially mitigation project)•Terminology are from the one sector.•Tools from one sector•No common goal of the components within the sector!
Irrigation canal
PSP
Stand alone.Intensive but may not be sustainable…
R
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ICBRR Pakistan
IPA- ICBRR
Health
Key features of PRCS ICBRR program:•Shared goal•Led by one focal department/coordinator•No merging of each other•Multi-sectoral team of facilitation•Acceptable terminology by all sectors/disciplines•Multi-sector tools
DRR OD/BD
Mutually supportive activities
Mutually supportive activities
Mutually supportive activities
R
ICBRR
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ICBRR Pakistan
The Essence of the “Integrated” Model
Linkage: Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction
Linking District branch preparedness (DDRT) with community preparedness (CDRT) through contingency plans and training
Using branch network to strengthen external network for communities
Branch Development
•Branch governance structure
•Leadership training•Volunteer & Youth development (link to services for the communities)•Capacity mapping and building (e.g. PMER, Fin.)•Resource mobilization (for sustainability of branches, preparedness, and services for communities)
Linkage: Emergency Health Preparedness
Linking branch preparedness with community preparedness through training
Community-level
•Multi-sector integrated IVCA
•Functional CBOs, which is organized and linked with external stakeholders •Multi-sector community risk reduction plans •Awareness raising/training (disaster, health, watsan, livelihood)•Small mitigation/ intervention (disaster, health, watsan, livelihood, etc)
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ICBRR PakistanSelection of interventions in the IPA
- NS competence areas- Community needs and own priorities (DVM)- General contextual issues to support to
the goal (lack of governments’ health care, branch capacity, resource mobilization, etc.); Resilience characteristics.
- Key components of the chosen sector
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA- key features
Separate name- ownership Combined tools Host department Budget management Program team Focal person/coordinator
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA: key features
Communication and collaboration- commitment from all sectors to communicate each other and work together
Invest in team building activities Encourage informal coordination and
communication
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA- key features
Agree jointly a common set of tools and procedures that can be used by all departments involved in the program
initiate common vocabulary Deliver integrated training to staff and
volunteers
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA- key features
Program reports, mid-term reviews and evaluations, should be produced for the whole program, written by the multi-disciplinary team working in collaboration. Joint monitoring system
Undertake a joint mid-term review winch considers: -how are different sector elements working towards achieving the program’s objective. -To what extent is there effective coordination and collaboration across technical departments?
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA- not relevant where:
Communities face only a single dominant hazard
Community needs or program interventions areas selected are not aligned with PRCS’s core competencies; or those of the partners (IFRC or Norwegian RC)
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ICBRR Pakistan IPA – key challenges
Limited capacity and motivation of the NS and partner(s)
The timescale is too short Organizational structure; Funding restrictions Consistent efforts to succeed
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ICBRR Pakistan
Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) Program
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ICBRR Pakistan
PRCS ICBRR definition
Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) is a participatory and multi-sectoral intervention in which at-risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities.
PRCS has an integrated approach to risk reduction incorporating branch development, health and disaster risk reduction.
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ICBRR Pakistan
Why ICBRR at PRCS? The need for an integrated approach
1. Enable PRCS to develop and grow in order to be able to fulfil its mandate; 2. Ensure cost effectiveness and sustainability in reducing disaster impacts; 3. Involve at-risk communities in planning, implementation and all stages of decision-making at
community level; 4. Make risk reduction efforts more effective by involving all stakeholders and relevant sectors; 5. Address all hazards; 6. Build disaster resilient communities.
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ICBRR Pakistan
Training on ICBRR and practical skills (IVCA, community mobilisation and organization); Capacity mapping of selected district branches Planning workshop (with training ) on ICBRR for district staff (led by PHQ) Training on OD/BD at PHQ/district level (including PPP, PMER, RM, VM, etc.)
CRI-1,3
CBO formation, IVCA, BL Survey
Preparation Orientation and consultation at NHQ and PHQ HR recruitment of program staff, finance, PMER, monitoring framework, etc.) Prepare integrated approach, training resources, & tools Training of ICBRR/OD Trainers at NHQ level CRI-1
CapacityBuilding
Identify communities based on district vulnerability mapping and community selection criteria Rapport building and understanding the communities IVCA and Baseline survey in the communities Forming CBO); Strengthening of CBOs CRI-2.3.4.,7
ICRRPImplementation Branch CB
Training for communities on DRR, Health, WAT-SAN, Livelihoods as needed Participatory ICRR Planning & RR Advocacy Community-led risk-reduction activities (prioritized by communities among DRR, Health, WAT-SAN…); MMP/School-based DRR; CEWS/DEWS. Branch-led BD activities (capacity mapping, drafting district including youth & volunteers, etc.); AJK branch construction CRI-1,4,5,6,7
Exit strategy implementation, Review, Evaluation,
End-line survey in the communities; End-line capacity survey on branch development; Participatory M&E; Consolidation of lessons learned, best practices, program docs. CRI-4
ICBRR Program Model
Phases
Key InterventionsCommunity resilience indicators
6 m
onth
s6m
onth
s6
mon
ths
24 m
onth
s6
mon
ths
is knowledgeable and healthy
is organized
is engaged in the development of local policy
Is connected
has infrastructure and services for mitigating (risks)
has economic opportunities
Can manage natural resources
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ICBRR Pakistan What are the characteristics of a local branch whose work contributes to resilient communities in its area?
Res
ilien
t com
mun
ities
• Representative of its communities (governance and volunteers) with diverse ethnicity, gender, age, etc
• Actively involved with other civil society organisations
• Advocating for the inclusion of vulnerable communities in service and programme discussions
• Independent and have capacity to mobilise financial resources from local donations
• Knowing, understanding, and being responsive and supportive to the community
• Able to facilitate networks, communication and access between the community and the wider world
• Able to nurture community leadership at all levels
• Able to challenge discrimination, social exclusion, taboos and damaging practices
• Able to use the Red Cross/Red Crescent brand and profile for the benefit of vulnerable communities
• Receiving appreciative feedback and support from the community which values and supports its branch
A local branch should be:
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ICBRR Pakistan ICBRR Program Areas
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ICBRR Pakistan ICBRR: Key Features
- Focus: addresses root causes of vulnerabilities associated with all sectors;
- Actors: engagement of multi-sectors and stakeholders in all the phases of the program
- Facilitation: multi-sectoral background- Approach- multi-stakeholders, multi-sectoral
considerations, and multi-disciplinary actors, - Mainstreaming ICBRR in local development planning;
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ICBRR Pakistan
- Mutually supportive activities between sectors- Application of common tools (multi-sectoral
tools in identification, analysing, treatment/implementation and M&E)
- Inclusiveness: gender, vulnerable groups, elderly, physically handicapped, CCA, etc.
- Cost effectiveness, technically sound- Shared ownership, efficient, sustainable,
impactful…
ICBRR Approach
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ICBRR Pakistan Multi-sector team during baseline study
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ICBRR Pakistan
One narrative proposal, One Logframe One budget/One cash request/|One cash forecast One HR structure Multi-sector assessment tools (one set of integrated
tools) Harmonized implementation process One working modality- One CBO, Multi-sector
experts
Key Features of PRCS ICBRR Program
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ICBRR Pakistan Key Outputs in 2014
ICBRR program implementation guide District Vulnerability Mapping reports IVCA guideline IVCA reports of 10 communities Baseline survey research
methodology Human resources development-
ICBRR, IVCA, Baseline survey
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ICBRR Pakistan Overall progress status (as of 31 July 2015)
60%
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ICBRR Pakistan Financial delivery as of June 30, 2015
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ICBRR Pakistan Developed human resource base in ICBRR
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ICBRR Pakistan Key Outputs in 2015
Human resources development- - ICBRR Technical training, - ICBRR support services training CBO formed in all 10 communities Baseline survey reports of all program communities Integrated Community Risk Reduction Plans (ICRRPs) ICBRR technical/review meetings; Volunteer management/resources mobilisation/BD
sessions (Income in Bagh, Neelum, Sanghar).
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ICBRR Pakistan Program activities at community level
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ICBRR PakistanResource mobilization and branch development orientation sessions in the Province and District branches
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ICBRR Pakistan Project Coordination Mechanism The diagram below represents the coordination flow within and between different tiers of PRCS i.e. from NHQ to PHQ and District level.
More focus on strengthening of Province and district branch level committees is required.
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ICBRR Pakistan Initial observations ‘Culture of working together’ being developed (ICBRR
technical committee meetings, review meetings, facilitation of IVCA, ICRRPs)
Contribution to Sendai DRR Framework (true representation of resilience building)
Mobilisation of local government/line agencies (feasibility study and implementation of ICRRPs)- strengthening of risk governance
One multi-sectoral team, quality and effectiveness of program delivery, one message from PRCS to the vulnerable communities.
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ICBRR Pakistan Ongoing activities 2015
Feasibility study of micro-mitigation projects Implementation of ICRR plans (MMPs, CPA, PAPE) Strengthening of CBOs with finance and account keeping
trainings. Strengthening of district branches (BD orientation and
resource mobilization) Half-yearly review meeting at NHQ AJK branch office construction- technical feasibility study
and cost estimation.
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ICBRR Pakistan Key constraints and challenges
Need for further strengthening of inter-sectoral coordination
Conceptual clarity and commitment towards program approach (development vs emergency interventions)
Financial sustainability at district branch level
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ICBRR Pakistan Suggested readings
• IFRC Framework for Community Resilience, 2014.• Integrated Programming Guide, Danish Red Cross, 2012.• Kafle, SK 2012. Measuring disaster resilient community: a case study of
coastal community in Indonesia. J Bus Contin Emer Plan. 2012 Spring;5(4):316-26.
• Kafle, SK 2010. How resilient are our communities? Continuity. September/October 2010.
• Kafle, SK 2010. ICBRR- An approach to building disaster resilience communities, IDRC, Davos. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/14348_14348SheshKafleICBRR2010.pdf
• PRCS ICBRR General Program Guide, 2014.• Well-functioning national society tools, IFRC. Updated version 2010.• The Road to Resilience: Bridging relief and development for a more
sustainable future, IFRC 2012.
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ICBRR Pakistan Thank You
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXX, PLEASE CONTACT:
IFRC PAKISTAN
SHESH.KAFLE
TEL. : +92 305554515
EMAIL: [email protected]; [email protected]
THIS PRESENTATION IS PUBLISHED BY
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF
RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES
P.O. BOX 372
CH-1211 GENEVA 19
SWITZERLAND
TEL.: +41 22 730 42 22
FAX.: +41 22 733 03 95