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ICBRR PakistanICBRR Pakistan

Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR)

Concept, Processes and Outcomes

Shesh Kanta KafleDisaster Management Coordinator

IFRC Pakistan Delegation

August 21, 2015


ICBRR Pakistan Purpose

To have a common understanding and conceptual clarity on IPA/ICBRR- its concept, processes and outcomes.


ICBRR Pakistan Contents

Key terms and concepts Changing concepts and models in DRR/Health Integrated Programming Approach (IPA): What,

why and how? PRCS ICBRR program- program design, key

features and outputs Key Constraints and Challenges


ICBRR Pakistan Key terms and concepts

Community resilience Disaster Risk Reduction Health interventions- Watsan, CBHFA Branch development


ICBRR Pakistan Resilience

Resilience, with its roots in the Latin word resilio, means to ‘adapt’ and ‘bounce back’ from a disruptive event.


ICBRR Pakistan Resilient community

A community which has the capacity to:• Anticipate, minimize and absorb potential

stresses or destructive forces through adaptation or resistance (withstand/resist)

Manage or maintain certain basic functions and structures during disastrous events (adapt)

Recover or ‘bounce back’ after an event. (recover)


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Ingredients of a Resilient Community

Safe ‘Critical Facilities’

CashReserves

Disaster Preparedness

Local Institutions

EthicalStandards

Contingency and RR Plans

Memory of Past Events

Trained staff Coping Abilities

Trained volunteers

Local Leadership

External Support

Diversified Local

Economy

Responsible Governments

Healthy community


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Resilient community


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ICBRR Pakistan Community resilience

Health—meaning physical, behavioral, social, and environmental health and wellbeing—is a big part of overall resilience. In many ways, health is a key foundation of resilience because almost everything we do to prepare for disaster and protect infrastructure is ultimately in the interest of preserving human health and welfare.


ICBRR Pakistan Characteristics of a safe and resilient community

knowledgeable and healthy is organized is engaged in the development of local policy Is connected has infrastructure and services for mitigating

(risks) has economic opportunities Can manage natural resources


ICBRR Pakistan Disaster risk reduction

A systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster.

"The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.” (UNISDR 2009).


ICBRR PakistanHealth interventions- watsan, CBHFA

The CBHFA and Watsan seek to create a healthy and resilient community through Disease Prevention by Health Education, First Aid services and referrals, ensuring utilization of safe drinking water, appropriate sanitation facilities and adaptation of hygienic practices.


ICBRR PakistanBranch Development-key elements

1. Branch Development (establishment)2. Branch Development (image building)3.Youth & Volunteer (identification, enrolment & capacity building)4. Resource Mobilization (fund raising)


ICBRR Pakistan Evolution of DRR Approaches

>1980s 2004-

CBDP CBDMCBDRM/CBDRR

IPA /ICBRR


ICBRR Pakistan Shift in paradigm: From hazard centric to integrated risk reduction

Conceptual formula

Focus onConceptual formula Focus


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CBHFA - evolution.


ICBRR PakistanFrom response to resilience: the paradigm shift of PRCS programming approach

2014: Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction Program (ICBRR)


ICBRR Pakistan Where are we coming from?

1984: Prevention is Better than Cure 1990s: Reducing Risk 2002: WDR - Reducing Risk 2004: WDR - Community Resilience 2007: 30th International Conference “Together for Humanity” 2008: Framework for Community Safety and Resilience; Strategy 2020, strengthening community

resilience; 2008 and 2009: Global DRR Forum in Oslo 2011: Characteristics of a resilience community( Arup study); 2011: Global Community Resilience

Forum in Damascus; 2011, 2013: GA Workshops on Community Resilience 2012: “Road to Resilience” discussion paper 2013: “Roadmap to Resilience” package 2014: Global Community Resilience Forum in Cali, Colombia 2015: Sendai DRR conference.


ICBRR PakistanIntegrated Programming Approaches (IPA): Evolution

Global trend and organizational mandates-HFA, SDRRF

IFRC Community and safety resilience approach 2008 (2014)

SARD SGF Colombo, 2007 PRCS IPA model 2007 PRCS Policy 2008, DM strategy 2008


ICBRR PakistanIntegrated Programming Approaches (IPA)

CSR model (IFRC SEARD). ICBRR program at PMI, Indonesia CBDRR with sectoral components

(Maldives, DRC/PRCS…) IPA program (Sri Lanka, Tamilnadu/India) CBDRR with MSA tool (Myanmar) ICBRR programs (Pakistan, Timor Leste)


ICBRR Pakistan

Integrated Programming Approach


ICBRR Pakistan What is IPA?

A multi-sectoral intervention to achieve a common goal i.e. community resilience.


ICBRR Pakistan IPA

“…a holistic approach to addressing the risks and needs faced by the community…(It) is an approach that incorporates key components of the National Society's core program areas into holistic program model, which recognizes the beneficiary /beneficiaries in their totality of needs and rights.” (IFRC 2009)


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ICBRR Pakistan

Pakistan Red Crescent SocietyIPA model (after SGF Colombo, 2007)

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Organisational Development

Health & Care

SaferCommunities

International

NHQ

Provincial

District

Communities

BRANCH DEVELOPMENT

GENDER & COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

HUMANITARIAN VALUES

CAPACITY BUILDING

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DisasterManagement


ICBRR Pakistan Why Integrated programming?

Unsustainable rise in the disaster losses New kinds of threats and vulnerabilities

emerging- presenting new resilience challenges;

Solution requires a transdisciplinary approach; problems too complex for a singe entity or discipline.


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Global Disaster Losses

http://www.skepticalscience.com/pics/Munich_Re_1.png

http://www.skepticalscience.com/pics/Munich_Re_1.png


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ICBRR Pakistan Disaster losses in Pakistan


ICBRR Pakistan Frequency of hazards in Pakistan


ICBRR Pakistan Why Integrated programming?

Providing holistic response to a community’s prioritized needs.

The ability to address multiple risks More sustained and effective program

that contribute to building community resilience

Potential efficiencies as a result of joint activities and reporting


ICBRR PakistanIntegrated Programming Approach (IPA)

ICBRR is one example of IPA. Defining Integrated Programming is an on-

going process within the RCRC Movement. Integrated programming provides a holistic

and multi-sector approach to addressing risks, vulnerabilities and needs.


ICBRR Pakistan IPA Concept

“Integration is not simply the inclusion of multiple elements within a program. It is a different approach that combines mutually supportive program elements which collectively contribute to achieving a common program objective” (DRC 2012).


ICBRR Pakistan IPA concept

“Single-sector program with add-on elements- for example, a CBDRR program containing a minor component of health, psychosocial support, or a health program which contains an element addressing awareness raising on natural disasters or climate change adaptation- should not be confused with fully integrated programming that requires a different approach” (DRC 2012).


ICBRR Pakistan Stand alone program

Watsan

BD/OD

CBHFA

Health

•Led by DM or health sector •One team of single sector•Some components in the plan are multi-sectoral•Other sectors are consulted when there is a need during the project implementation (especially mitigation project)•Terminology are from the one sector.•Tools from one sector•No common goal of the components within the sector!

Irrigation canal

PSP

Stand alone.Intensive but may not be sustainable…

R


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IPA- ICBRR

Health

Key features of PRCS ICBRR program:•Shared goal•Led by one focal department/coordinator•No merging of each other•Multi-sectoral team of facilitation•Acceptable terminology by all sectors/disciplines•Multi-sector tools

DRR OD/BD

Mutually supportive activities



R

ICBRR


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The Essence of the “Integrated” Model

Linkage: Disaster Preparedness and Risk Reduction

Linking District branch preparedness (DDRT) with community preparedness (CDRT) through contingency plans and training

Using branch network to strengthen external network for communities

Branch Development

•Branch governance structure

•Leadership training•Volunteer & Youth development (link to services for the communities)•Capacity mapping and building (e.g. PMER, Fin.)•Resource mobilization (for sustainability of branches, preparedness, and services for communities)

Linkage: Emergency Health Preparedness

Linking branch preparedness with community preparedness through training

Community-level

•Multi-sector integrated IVCA

•Functional CBOs, which is organized and linked with external stakeholders •Multi-sector community risk reduction plans •Awareness raising/training (disaster, health, watsan, livelihood)•Small mitigation/ intervention (disaster, health, watsan, livelihood, etc)


ICBRR PakistanSelection of interventions in the IPA

- NS competence areas- Community needs and own priorities (DVM)- General contextual issues to support to

the goal (lack of governments’ health care, branch capacity, resource mobilization, etc.); Resilience characteristics.

- Key components of the chosen sector


ICBRR Pakistan IPA- key features

Separate name- ownership Combined tools Host department Budget management Program team Focal person/coordinator


ICBRR Pakistan IPA: key features

Communication and collaboration- commitment from all sectors to communicate each other and work together

Invest in team building activities Encourage informal coordination and

communication



Agree jointly a common set of tools and procedures that can be used by all departments involved in the program

initiate common vocabulary Deliver integrated training to staff and

volunteers



Program reports, mid-term reviews and evaluations, should be produced for the whole program, written by the multi-disciplinary team working in collaboration. Joint monitoring system

Undertake a joint mid-term review winch considers: -how are different sector elements working towards achieving the program’s objective. -To what extent is there effective coordination and collaboration across technical departments?


ICBRR Pakistan IPA- not relevant where:

Communities face only a single dominant hazard

Community needs or program interventions areas selected are not aligned with PRCS’s core competencies; or those of the partners (IFRC or Norwegian RC)


ICBRR Pakistan IPA – key challenges

Limited capacity and motivation of the NS and partner(s)

The timescale is too short Organizational structure; Funding restrictions Consistent efforts to succeed


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Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) Program


ICBRR Pakistan

PRCS ICBRR definition

Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction (ICBRR) is a participatory and multi-sectoral intervention in which at-risk communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring and evaluation of risks in order to reduce their vulnerabilities and enhance their capacities.

PRCS has an integrated approach to risk reduction incorporating branch development, health and disaster risk reduction.


ICBRR Pakistan

Why ICBRR at PRCS? The need for an integrated approach

1. Enable PRCS to develop and grow in order to be able to fulfil its mandate; 2. Ensure cost effectiveness and sustainability in reducing disaster impacts; 3. Involve at-risk communities in planning, implementation and all stages of decision-making at

community level; 4. Make risk reduction efforts more effective by involving all stakeholders and relevant sectors; 5. Address all hazards; 6. Build disaster resilient communities.


ICBRR Pakistan

Training on ICBRR and practical skills (IVCA, community mobilisation and organization); Capacity mapping of selected district branches Planning workshop (with training ) on ICBRR for district staff (led by PHQ) Training on OD/BD at PHQ/district level (including PPP, PMER, RM, VM, etc.)

CRI-1,3

CBO formation, IVCA, BL Survey

Preparation Orientation and consultation at NHQ and PHQ HR recruitment of program staff, finance, PMER, monitoring framework, etc.) Prepare integrated approach, training resources, & tools Training of ICBRR/OD Trainers at NHQ level CRI-1

CapacityBuilding

Identify communities based on district vulnerability mapping and community selection criteria Rapport building and understanding the communities IVCA and Baseline survey in the communities Forming CBO); Strengthening of CBOs CRI-2.3.4.,7

ICRRPImplementation Branch CB

Training for communities on DRR, Health, WAT-SAN, Livelihoods as needed Participatory ICRR Planning & RR Advocacy Community-led risk-reduction activities (prioritized by communities among DRR, Health, WAT-SAN…); MMP/School-based DRR; CEWS/DEWS. Branch-led BD activities (capacity mapping, drafting district including youth & volunteers, etc.); AJK branch construction CRI-1,4,5,6,7

Exit strategy implementation, Review, Evaluation,

End-line survey in the communities; End-line capacity survey on branch development; Participatory M&E; Consolidation of lessons learned, best practices, program docs. CRI-4

ICBRR Program Model

Phases

Key InterventionsCommunity resilience indicators

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is knowledgeable and healthy

is organized

is engaged in the development of local policy

Is connected

has infrastructure and services for mitigating (risks)

has economic opportunities

Can manage natural resources


ICBRR Pakistan What are the characteristics of a local branch whose work contributes to resilient communities in its area?

Res

ilien

t com

mun

ities

• Representative of its communities (governance and volunteers) with diverse ethnicity, gender, age, etc

• Actively involved with other civil society organisations

• Advocating for the inclusion of vulnerable communities in service and programme discussions

• Independent and have capacity to mobilise financial resources from local donations

• Knowing, understanding, and being responsive and supportive to the community

• Able to facilitate networks, communication and access between the community and the wider world

• Able to nurture community leadership at all levels

• Able to challenge discrimination, social exclusion, taboos and damaging practices

• Able to use the Red Cross/Red Crescent brand and profile for the benefit of vulnerable communities

• Receiving appreciative feedback and support from the community which values and supports its branch

A local branch should be:


ICBRR Pakistan ICBRR Program Areas


ICBRR Pakistan ICBRR: Key Features

- Focus: addresses root causes of vulnerabilities associated with all sectors;

- Actors: engagement of multi-sectors and stakeholders in all the phases of the program

- Facilitation: multi-sectoral background- Approach- multi-stakeholders, multi-sectoral

considerations, and multi-disciplinary actors, - Mainstreaming ICBRR in local development planning;


ICBRR Pakistan

- Mutually supportive activities between sectors- Application of common tools (multi-sectoral

tools in identification, analysing, treatment/implementation and M&E)

- Inclusiveness: gender, vulnerable groups, elderly, physically handicapped, CCA, etc.

- Cost effectiveness, technically sound- Shared ownership, efficient, sustainable,

impactful…

ICBRR Approach


ICBRR Pakistan Multi-sector team during baseline study


ICBRR Pakistan

One narrative proposal, One Logframe One budget/One cash request/|One cash forecast One HR structure Multi-sector assessment tools (one set of integrated

tools) Harmonized implementation process One working modality- One CBO, Multi-sector

experts

Key Features of PRCS ICBRR Program


ICBRR Pakistan Key Outputs in 2014

ICBRR program implementation guide District Vulnerability Mapping reports IVCA guideline IVCA reports of 10 communities Baseline survey research

methodology Human resources development-

ICBRR, IVCA, Baseline survey


ICBRR Pakistan Overall progress status (as of 31 July 2015)

60%


ICBRR Pakistan Financial delivery as of June 30, 2015


ICBRR Pakistan Developed human resource base in ICBRR


ICBRR Pakistan Key Outputs in 2015

Human resources development- - ICBRR Technical training, - ICBRR support services training CBO formed in all 10 communities Baseline survey reports of all program communities Integrated Community Risk Reduction Plans (ICRRPs) ICBRR technical/review meetings; Volunteer management/resources mobilisation/BD

sessions (Income in Bagh, Neelum, Sanghar).


ICBRR Pakistan Program activities at community level


ICBRR PakistanResource mobilization and branch development orientation sessions in the Province and District branches


ICBRR Pakistan Project Coordination Mechanism The diagram below represents the coordination flow within and between different tiers of PRCS i.e. from NHQ to PHQ and District level.

More focus on strengthening of Province and district branch level committees is required.


ICBRR Pakistan Initial observations ‘Culture of working together’ being developed (ICBRR

technical committee meetings, review meetings, facilitation of IVCA, ICRRPs)

Contribution to Sendai DRR Framework (true representation of resilience building)

Mobilisation of local government/line agencies (feasibility study and implementation of ICRRPs)- strengthening of risk governance

One multi-sectoral team, quality and effectiveness of program delivery, one message from PRCS to the vulnerable communities.


ICBRR Pakistan Ongoing activities 2015

Feasibility study of micro-mitigation projects Implementation of ICRR plans (MMPs, CPA, PAPE) Strengthening of CBOs with finance and account keeping

trainings. Strengthening of district branches (BD orientation and

resource mobilization) Half-yearly review meeting at NHQ AJK branch office construction- technical feasibility study

and cost estimation.


ICBRR Pakistan Key constraints and challenges

Need for further strengthening of inter-sectoral coordination

Conceptual clarity and commitment towards program approach (development vs emergency interventions)

Financial sustainability at district branch level


ICBRR Pakistan Suggested readings

• IFRC Framework for Community Resilience, 2014.• Integrated Programming Guide, Danish Red Cross, 2012.• Kafle, SK 2012. Measuring disaster resilient community: a case study of

coastal community in Indonesia. J Bus Contin Emer Plan. 2012 Spring;5(4):316-26.

• Kafle, SK 2010. How resilient are our communities? Continuity. September/October 2010.

• Kafle, SK 2010. ICBRR- An approach to building disaster resilience communities, IDRC, Davos. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/14348_14348SheshKafleICBRR2010.pdf

• PRCS ICBRR General Program Guide, 2014.• Well-functioning national society tools, IFRC. Updated version 2010.• The Road to Resilience: Bridging relief and development for a more

sustainable future, IFRC 2012.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22576136

http://www.preventionweb.net/files/14348_14348SheshKafleICBRR2010.pdf




ICBRR Pakistan Thank You

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXX XXXX, PLEASE CONTACT:

IFRC PAKISTAN

SHESH.KAFLE

TEL. : +92 305554515

EMAIL: [email protected]; [email protected]

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