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Nanotechnologies for Future Energy

Solar storage using on-board & on-site storage systems

Alex ROUSTAEICEO/AS3/France

KIC InnoEnergy May 2014

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Introduction

Some of the energy storage technologies, such as the use of advanced batteries coupled with solar cells, remain too expensive for larger mass use.

This presentation will focus on promising solutions as far as the combination of energy storage and solar energy projects, exploring:

onboard solar cell Energy Storage solutions (short-term storage high-power, rechargeable battery storage as a primary storage stage) as well as

on-site long-term storage (Hydrogen and Methanization).

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(*) The world demand for power exceeds 15 TW, with the vast majority of that demand being met by the consumption of fossil fuels in the form of oil (5.3 TW), coal (4.2 TW) and natural gas (3.5 TW). Currently, solar supplies only 0.004 TW and yet the earth receives in excess 120,000 TW of power from the sun each day, which means that the earths power demands could be met by covering 0.125 % of the earth’s surface with solar cells with an efficiency of only 10%.

Combining conversion & storage on solar energy (Solar energy @ night time with on-board solar storage)

The Problem

We lose every hour on Earth equivalent of our energy needs for 1 year*

Costs of PV based electricity production plants and storage solutions are still too high to compete with fossil or nuclear based power generators

We need to support the population growth while securing our energy independency by increasing the mix energetic and reducing the CO2 emission.

We also need to move quickly to auto-consumption solutions in Europe and ROW

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(*) The world demand for power exceeds 15 TW, with the vast majority of that demand being met by the consumption of fossil fuels in the form of oil (5.3 TW), coal (4.2 TW) and natural gas (3.5 TW). Currently, solar supplies only 0.004 TW and yet the earth receives in excess 120,000 TW of power from the sun each day, which means that the earths power demands could be met by covering 0.125 % of the earth’s surface with solar cells with an efficiency of only 10%.

The Solution

"From intermittent power ... to energy on-demand”

SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE

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Reducing Energy storage cost in available space ($cost/mAh/mm3)

Value proposition

Battery Storage (solar-to-volts) AS3’s Onboard Nanocell Solar Storage Technology : Thin film 3D-nanostructured w./no-solid-

state electrolyte interface (noSEI ), high number of charge/discharge (cycle >25 000) storage systems, rechargeable Li_nano-titanate battery (patent pending).

Other’s battery Storage solutions is mostly based on SEI and Metal polymer lithium Batteries for Thin Film or high power Mass-storage.

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Heat

Volts

Storage Electricity Radiations

PV > 20% à 32%

Summary of AS3’soffering

High ἠ% Hybrid TF Flexible Solar Cells

(efficiency: 20% to 32%)

Advanced On-board flexible Battery Storage

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Targeting: 25,000+ charge/discharge cycles with high safety and low-temperature

properties coupled with Piezonanotubes. Solid state structure + no SEI, wide temperature range of -20 degree Celsius

to 140 degree Celsius Thickness of the substrate & packaging from 0.255 to 0.45mm Thickness of the ultra thin-film flexible battery from 0.020 to 0.15mm Charge time: 60 sec to 5 mn Expected Charge Capacity: on flexible Thin film thickness 0,10 mm: 8 to

10mA/Cm² Times of charge conservation: 5 days min > 85% of initial charge

AS3’s Solutions

"From intermittent power ... to energy on-demand”

Introducing

Advanced Solar Storage “AS3”

AS3 to deploy technologies and know-how developed to date:

Making a low-cost, high efficiency Hybrid PV solar cells with On-board lithium nano-titanate battery in a flexible substrate.

Using AS3’s nanotics “On-demand Energy Systems” (H2/FCH/Hyrbon) to address the intermittence aspect of the PV sources.

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SolarProduct/Innovation

Cellule Hybride Solaire

Cristaux Liquides

Couche Tandem

Absorbeur CIGS

Couche Piézo NF

Flexibles solar PV rolls of 1km long

Flexible films

Flexible cells

OEM solar cells

Solar Membranes

Solar cells & films (source W2E)

A complete flexible product offering to cover the market needs

Best LCOE* 1st level of power storage Low lift roofing <4kg/m² BIPV Transports 1st time onboard storage

* Levelized cost of energy

On-board Li, nT Battery

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Advantages

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Flexible solar cells with onboard storage

Nanoparticules

Process

Target Membrane : Weight< 4kg/m² Efficiency: 20,5% + On-board storage

Low cost of investment Low operating cost Low storage cost /kWh (price

divided by 4 ) Zero maintenance cost High Cost & Acceptance ratio

Higher life time & reliability Lower storage area Lower recycling issues Lower Cost of ownership Lower CO2 emission Eco-friendly, No toxic

chemicals (No acid & less heavy metals)

Safe for air transport Easier Regulations (RoHS,

WEEE & REACH compliance).

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key componentsSolar /on-board Storage

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key componentsSolar / on-board Storage

Example: A fully self contained modular building (active energy ) that generates its own electricity with 120 m² of solar panels and a 60 kWh battery ideal for a hospital or a school in a remote area, not connected to the grid.

PPEStorage

Battery layer<150µm – 10mA/Cm²

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Major System’s benefits: Short-term storage & High Energy

Efficiency/m²

Thin Film Nanocell Advanced

Solar Storage Technology

The Market

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Global market for solar storage systems will be worth US$2 billion by 2018. Dr. Eicke Weber, head of the newly-established German Energy Storage Association, has called this a “conservative estimate”. Italian energy consultancy BIP said the battery market will reach at least 9 GW of capacity by 2020 from today's 270 MW (estimated to grow to 40% of the PV systems installed by 2020).

APPLICATIONS: On-board solar cell storage Smart cards Smart Packaging Mobile & cellular applications digital pad, Laptops, Medical

Devices Digital Cameras & camcorders Medical Implants &

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Devices

Semiconductor and Computer Industry Applications

Computer Memories and Clocks 3D glass visual computing BIPV smart Glass and Glazing

Renewable Energy

Source March 28th, 2014 : Nanomarkets' report entitled Storage 2013http://nanomarkets.net/news/article/new-nanomarkets-report-projects-2.7-billion-us-bipv-glass-market-in-2019

Sour

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IBSG

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Competition

Thin film batteries - market leaders• Cymbet Corp (Tex.Inst.) - Cymbet Corporation, a clean technology company, is a

leader in thin-film, solid-state battery technology. The company is the first to market a true solid-state energy system enabling new embedded systems designer capabilities. The company's thin-film battery system will enable new concepts in battery application for ICs and new products for medical, sensor, RFID, communications and portable electronic devices.

• Altairnano - One of the first companies to replace traditional graphite materials used in conventional lithium-ion batteries with a proprietary, nanostructured lithium-titanate.Altairnano’s research into the electrochemistry of battery materials discovered that nanostructured lithium-titanate, when used to replace graphite in conventional lithium-ion batteries, results in power-dependent energy storage applications.

• Imec Belgium - Electronics Centre (Belgium), ... • Solid state Li battery (glass electrolyte) • Very thin ... Thin Film Battery.

• ST Micro -ST’s EnFilm™ thin-film batteries are a new concept of extremely thin (200 µm), rechargeable solid-state batteries with fast recharge and long life cycle.

• Power Paper, Ltd. is the creator and licensor of printable micro-electronic clean technology and patches. Power Paper’s thin and flexible batteries provide a fully printable, interable and disposable power source..

• Blue Spark/Thin Battery Technologies Inc. Specialized in RF Enabled Sensors Time Temperature Data Loggers, Interactive Printed Media, Greeting cards, consumer packaging, toys, promotional display.

• Enfucell / Solicore - ultra-thin, flexible, lithium polymer batteries for powered cards, RFID, and micro medical devices

• Excellatron - Rechargeable lithium ion-air batteries (the active cathode material (oxygen) is not stored in the battery). The lithium/oxygen battery, and Li/Air demonstration samples are just being delivered.

14http://www.idtechex.com/research/reports/printed_and_thin_film_photovoltaics_and_batteries_000172.asp

Targeted Segments & positioning

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Targeted Segments: short term storage in solar BIPV Stationary and mobile applications

The cost positioning for an average home:1 month of storage capacity = 500 kWh (avg)1 day of storage capacity (average) = 16kWh

Today’s average home storage cost: 40 €/kWh –to- 60€/kWh (20K€ to 30K€)or About 700 €/kW –to- 1000€/KW

Actual average budget for an individual home is about 25 000€

AS3’s targeted cost is < 25000€/4 < 6 250€For an average home equipped with a 25KWc of PV based electricity generation systems (€0,40/Wh).

Benchmarking

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Technology Life time (Years)

# of Charge

/discharges Thickness (µ) Open Circuit

Voltage (V) Nom. Cap. Current (I) mA/Cm²

(€cost/ mAh/ mm3)

∆T° C --> TempC

Working range

AS3 (target) nTi > 20 > 25 000 50 <T< 150 0,5<V<TBD 8 <I< 10TBD, actual

# estim.ation 0,4/Wh

> 120

Cymbet Corp (Tex. Inst.) All SS > 5 > 5 000 150 4,0<V< 4,15 0,5 ?/0,78/? > 90

GS Nanotech Lithium Power > 5 > 5 000 10 3,7 400 - > 65

Altairnano LiTi power > 20 > 20 000 App. Power 367 kWh 3.6 MW / 4 MVA 1000€/Kwh > 95

Toshiba LinTi > 20 > 6 000 App. PHEV, & EV 12,8 to 36V 92Wh (9Ah) 1500€/Kwh > 75

Thinenergy / IPS (Infinite Power Solutions) All SS > 10 > 5 000 ? 3,9 4,35 to 7,9 - > 70

ST MicroAll SS:

LiCoO2 / LiPON

> 3 > 1 000 200 4,0<V< 4,15 0,775 - > 100

Power Paper, Printing > 3 > 1 000 500 1,5 0,1 - > 70

Blue Spark/Thin Battery Technologies Inc.

Carbon Zinc / (Zn/MnO2) > 2

NA:RFID smart cards & ID

badges< 750 1,5 1,2 - > 95

Enfucell / Solicore Carbon Zinc / (Zn/MnO2) > 1

NA:RFID Pharma & ID

badges> 500 1,5 1,2 - > 75

Excellatron Li/Air > 5 > 2 000 < 85 4,2 1 - > 105

SAFT Ni-Cd, Ni-MH & Li-ion > 1 > 500 to

<1500Prismatic/ Coil shape 3,6 janv-30 - > 145 to

<190

Business Model

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AS3 Sells:

Production of its pilot line limited to 10MW,

Non-exclusive Operating Licenses and know-

how Turnkey pilot lines with 10 MW production

capacity, Production lines concept for 100 MW and

eventually turnkey plants with its partners

Consumables,

Technical assistance. Pilot Production Area: 750m2 Cleanroom production: 300 m2 Technical facilities: 100 m2 Storages: 150m2 Offices: 200 m2

Fabless w/ Pilot Limited investment < 10M€ Limited staff < 30 people

Action plan & Roadmap

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We are beyond the Proof of concept.

Pending issues Up scaling Improving of

functionalities & Life time

Regulations: TBD, risks

5 x Phases:

I. Phase 0 (Jan 2013 – Mach 2014): research, patent filing and validation of concept (realization of discrete samples).

II. Phase 1 (Dec. 2014) prototypes & samples to check the manufacturing process on flexible substrates.

III. Phase 2 (1st to 3d quarter 2015) preproduction prototypes, to check the repeatability of the manufacturing process on various substrate (stainless steel, polymer and glass),

IV. Phase 3 (4th quarter 2015) start development of a pilot capable of producing the equivalent of 10MWh film unit, serving as industrial showcase and R&D lab.

V. Phase 4 (expected in 2016-2017) initial production plant Volume Capacity > 10MWh.

The Numbers

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Business model (Fabless with pilot 10Mw)

The table shows the evolution of gross margin while repaying the investment of € 10 million in three years and taking low assumptions about the sale of licenses and production lines.

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Ligne pilote AS3 (10MWh en production) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ligne vendue en installation 1 2 2 3 3 2

Ligne 100MWh en production 1 2 4 6 8

Total Wh vendu 10 000 000 11 0000000 210000000 410000000 610000000 810000000

Prix de vente du Wh 1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

Total ventes de films toutes usines 10 000 000 € 99 000 000 € 126 000 000 € 205 000 000 € 305 000 000 € 405 000 000 €

Chiffres clés AS3Fabless

Ligne pilote 10 000 000 € 9 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 5 000 000 € 5 000 000 € 5 000 000 €

Remboursement investissement -2 500 000 € -5 000 000 € -2 500 000 €

CIR ligne pilote sur 7000000€ à 30% 2 100 000 €

Marge sur ligne pilote 2 000 000 € 1 800 000 € 1 200 000 € 1 000 000 € 1 000 000 € 1 000 000 €

Licence initiale 3 000 000 € 3 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 6 000 000 €

Royalties sur production 1 800 000 € 2 400 000 € 4 000 000 € 6 000 000 € 8 000 000 €

Marge sur assistance technique €/h 60 000 €

Marge sur revente Ligne de production 100MW 1 500 000 € 1 500 000 € 1 500 000 € 3 000 000 € 3 000 000 € 3 000 000 €

Marge sur consommables 18 000 € 24 000 € 40 000 € 60 000 € 80 000 €

Marge brute AS3Fabless avec Pilote 3 160 000 € 3 118 000 € 5 624 000 € 14 040 000 € 16 060 000 € 18 080 000 €

Expected scenario (“Bullish, optimistic” but encouraging based upon some recent market data)

The NumbersPotential Revenue Vectors

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Ce tableau permet de constater l’évolution de la marge brute tout en remboursant l’investissement des 10 M€ en trois ans et en prenant des hypothèses basses quant à la vente des licences et des lignes de production.

Product / Service Recurring Min over 5 years

Unit Revenue Comments

Films (pilot preproduction) X 12 000 000 € Per YEAR

Site Licensing 10 3 000 000 € Per Unit

Pilot line (10MWh) 2 5 000 000 € Per Unit

Production line (100MWh) 8 30 000 000 € Per Unit

Royalties on production X 75 000 € Per MWh storage capacity

Consumables (rolls of thin film, powder, gas, etc.)

X 100 000 € Per MWh storage capacity

Technical Assistance X 1 000 € Per Day

The Team

Matrice des Experts, Consultants et conseillers

Expert en Eval/Valorisation IP & TMCABINET NOVAGRAAF FranceExpert-comptable chargé de capitalisationCABINET FIDALPôle de compétitivitéRE92Expert IP et protection internationalMATRIX PATENT AGENCYConseil & Assistance droits Fiscal &StéCABINET BABINExpert Juridiques & Fiscales (pending)KPMG SAExpert Photovoltaic Advisory (pending)PricewaterhouseCoopersConseil&Expert-Innov CIR/JEI/Eurostars ALMA Consulting Groupe

Project Partners to date: UC3M, TU/e, W2E

Paul LUCCHESE (pending)

DIR MISSION EnR & NTE A CEA

Alain LUNATI, PhD,

CEO SP3H

PARTENAIRES R&D et PRODUCTIONUSA : Tests In-Situ, In-lineUSA : Nanoparticules synthèseCanada : Expertise moléculairesScandinavie : ALD, sALD, R2RBenelux : Equipement ALD, SemicondC.NL : Philips InnovationUK : Equipement NanogreffsUE, US : Equipement de ProductionCH : Partenaire R&D / ConsultantFrance : Randstad VAR (Recrut. Exécut.)France : ALPHA Architecture, Nanovation, CTU Orsay Paris-SudCERTIFICATIONS: Organisations sélectionnées sont Fraunhofer Institut ISE & NREL

Alex HR ROUSTAEI – President & CEO; Serial entrepreneur, with over 25 years of experiences in assembling and reselling high-tech companies, having spent 15 years in the USA and returned to France to set up (based upon nanotechnology) the solar based energy production, storage and recovery cycle of renewable energy.

Madj DJEMAI – Technical Consultant. engineer, 15 years of R & D in the field of renewable energies, 7 years of experience in nanotechnology and 4 years in atomic layer deposited (ALD) & TF.

Hamid AZHAKH – Computing engineering - Mathematical & Numerical Modelling specialized in thin film ALD, sALD based technology.

Rémy Barton, Engineer, UC Provence, specialist thin film, nano particles and electrical characterization of materials / thin film Cells PV / PV modules, process, performances of materials / Cells modules and reliability of thin film based products.

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Dr. Alejandro VAREZ, Director and Professor, Chair of UC3M- Madrid. Extensive knowledge in Lithium Batteries development as well as the comprehension and designing new polymers.

The Board members

The Partners

• Ei CNAM (FR)

• Platform CANOÉ (FR)

• Orsay University/PARIS SUD CTU-Lab (FR)

• Nanovation (FR)

• TU/e (NL)

• POLYTECHNIQUE (FR)

• UC3M/ICMM-CSIC (SPAIN)

AS3’s project partners (including private & public R&D organizations).

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ICMM-CSICThin film growth by different techniques

ICMM-CSICSelection of the best Thin

Film technique

Structural, Mechan., Electrical & Electrochemical

characterisation

Structural & Mech. Charac

Uc3m

Electrical and Electrochemical

ICMM-CSIC

TFB (Thin film) growth

UC3MExchange Design of new anode materials based on LnTO with

electronic conductivity

Complete Dev. Chain for AS3’s Project

UC3MStudy of different

substrate for anode. Evaluation of different surface treatment of

substrate

UC3MExchange Design of electrolytes

based on garnet Li ion conductors

AS3

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www.kic-innoenergy.comKIC InnoEnergy receives funding from the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)

THANK YOU

Alex ROUSTAEICEO/AS3/France

Email: alexr@as3-w2e.comKIC InnoEnergy May 2014

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