tpm tracking for machine shope--by ganesh kadam

TPM Tracking Device for Machine Shop 2014-15

Dr.J.J.M.C.O.E Page 1

CHAPTER 1

Introduction



CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction:

In today’s scenario huge losses/wastage occurs in manufacturing shop floor.

this wastage occurs because of operators, maintenance person, process and tooling

problems and non-availability of components in time etc. other forms of wastage

includes idle machine, idle manpower ,break down machine, rejected parts etc.. This

quality related wastage are having significant importance as they are deals with time,

profit and reputation of company. There are also several factors, which can be

monitored by TPM like speed of machine, start up losses of machine, break down of

machine and bottle neck in process. Zero oriented concept such as zero tolerance for

waste, defects, break down and zero accidents are becoming a pre-requisite in

manufacturing and assembly industry. In this situation, a revolutionary concept of

TPM has been adopted in many industries across the world to address above

problems.[1,4]

TPM is a maintenance management program with the objective of eliminating

equipment downtime. It focuses on overall equipment effectiveness, covering areas

such as breakdowns, setups, and an ability to maintain cutting tolerances, capacity and

more.TPM which stands for “Total Productive Maintenance”.

Maintenance is one of the areas in modern management to increase machine

productivity and to produce quality products. This obviously improves equipment

efficiency rates and reduces costs. So, our project consists of a well-conceived TPM

implementation program not only improves the equipment efficiency and

effectiveness but also brings appreciable improvements in other areas of the

manufacturing enterprise. The circuit that we are going to design will control the

operation of VMC machines used in industries. The records will vary by company,

but at a minimum, they should include:

Date of problem

Description of problem

Time the machine was inoperable



Problem resolution steps

Final solution

Permanent corrective action plans

CNC/VMC machines are used for atomizing purpose in industries to get

accurate and fast product within less time. Our circuit will control the machines start

cycle, stop cycle and if breakdown occurs at any time, it will ask for a reason.

In order to fulfill all the requirements of controlling or minimizing wastage

from material and manufacturing product in time a device like TPM is necessary[4,8]

1.2 TPM History-

TPM is an innovative concept. The origin of TPM can be tracked back to

1951 when preventive maintenance was introduced in Japan. Nippondenso was 1’

St Company to introduce plant wide preventive maintenance in 1960. With the

automation of Nippondenso, maintenance became a problem as more

maintenance personnel required. So, management decide that the routine

maintenance of equipment would be carried out by operator. Thus, Nippondenso

which already followed preventive maintenance also added autonomous

maintenance done by production operator. The maintenance crew went in

equipment modification for improving reliability. The modification were made or

incorporated in new equipment. This led to maintenance preventive. Thus,

preventive maintenance along with maintenance prevention and maintainability

improvement gave birth to productive maintenance. The aim of maintenance was

to maximize plant and equipment effectiveness to achieve optimum life cycle cost

of production equipment. By then Nipppondenso had made quality circle

involving the employee’s participation. Thus all employees took part in

implementing productive maintenance. [6,7]



1.3 About TPM concept –

What is Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)?

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a maintenance program,

which involves a newly defined concept for maintaining plants and equipment. The

goal of the TPM program is to markedly increase production while, at the same time,

increasing employee morale and job satisfaction.

TPM brings maintenance into focus as a necessary and vitally

important part of the business. It is no longer re-garded as a non-profit activity. Down

time for maintenance is scheduled as a part of the manufacturing day and, in some

cases, as an integral part of the manufacturing process. The goal is to hold emergency

and unscheduled maintenance to a minimum. [5,8]

Why TPM?

TPM was introduced to achieve the following objectives. The important ones are

listed below.

a. Avoid wastage in a quickly changing economic environment.

b. Producing goods without reducing product quality.

c. Reduce cost.

d. Produce a low batch quantity at the earliest possible time.

e. Goods send to the customers must be non-defective. [2]

1.4 Benefits of TPM –

a. Increase productivity and OEE (Overall equipment efficiency).

b. Rectify customer complaints.

c. Reduce accidents.

d. Follow pollution control measure.

e. Keep workplace clean.

f. Reduce manufacturing cost to great extent.





CHAPTER 2

Literature Review &

Present theory and practices



CHAPTER 2

Literature Review &Present theory and practices:

2.1 Literature review-

1] Mr.Melesse Workneh Wakjira, Mr.Ajit Pal Singh evaluated the contributions of

total productive maintenance (TPM) in the paper “TOTAL PRODUCTIVE

MAINTENANCE: A CASE STUDY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY” Global

Journal of researches in engineering Industrial engineering (February 2012) [1, 2]

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of total productive

maintenance (TPM) initiatives towards improving manufacturing performance in

Ethiopian malt manufacturing industry. The correlations between various TPM

implementation dimensions and manufacturing performance improvements have been

evaluated and validated by employing overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) in

boiler plant. The research focuses upon the significant contributions of TPM

implementation success factors like top management leadership and involvement,

traditional maintenance practices and holistic

TPM implementation initiatives, towards affecting improvements in manufacturing

performance in the Ethiopian industry. The study establishes that focused TPM

implementation over a reasonable time period can strategically contribute towards

realization of significant manufacturing performance enhancements. The study

highlights the strong potential of TPM implementation initiatives in affecting

organizational performance improvements. The achievements of Ethiopian

manufacturing organizations through proactive TPM initiatives have been evaluated

and critical TPM success factors identified for enhancing the effectiveness of TPM

implementation programs in the Ethiopian context. [1, 2]

2] Mr. Sharma Kumar Rajiv& Mrs. Sharma Pooja explained the system reliability

analysts/managers/engineers/ practitioners to conduct RAM analysis of the system in

the paper “COMPUTING RAM INDICES FOR RELIABLE OPERATION OF

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS” on 7th April 2012 [3]



The purpose of this paper is to permit the system reliability engineers/

practitioners to conduct RAM analysis of the system which may helps them to model,

analyze and predict the behavior of industrial systems in a more realistic and

consistent manner. Design/methodology/approach: Markova approach is used to

model the system behavior. For carrying out study, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) of the

subsystems is carried out and transition diagrams for various subsystems are drawn

and differential equations associated with them are formulated. After obtaining the

steady state solution the corresponding values of reliability and maintainability are

estimated at different mission times.

Research limitations/implications: Based on the RAM analysis, possible

maintenance strategies can be investigated which might help the plant personnel to

improve the system effectiveness. Practical Implications: Without exercising much

effort in developing complex system models, the proposed method for analyzing

system performance may prove helpful to the reliability analysts/

engineers/practitioners to model analyze and predict the behavior of system more

efficiently and resolve the RAM requirements of the system in unison.

Originality/value: The simultaneous adoption of both qualitative (RCA) and

quantitative (Markov approach) approach to analyze and obtain RAM indices for

measuring the system performance helps the maintenance engineers to improve RAM

aspects after understanding the failure behavior of component(s) in the system.[3]

3] P.Prakash, S.Kumar, T.Sakthieswaran they are explained or analysis the Total

Productive maintenance (TPM) is an innovative approach which holds the potential

for enhancing efficiency of production facilities. in the paper “IMPLEMENTATION

OF TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE IN INDUSTRY – A CASE STUDY”

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) -

Volume4Issue4- April 2013 [4]

Total Productive maintenance (TPM) is an innovative approach which holds

the potential for enhancing Efficiency of production facilities. TPM is a process that

maximizes the productivity of equipment for its entire life. It demands significant

change of work culture and radical restructuring of work. It eliminates breakdowns

and promotes autonomous operator maintenance through day-to-day activities, which



involve the total workforce. It fosters an environment where improvement efforts in

safety, quality, cost, delivery and creativity are encouraged through the participation

of all employees. It is a strategic management initiative to increase capacity and end

the vicious cycle of breakdown or reactive repairs through the use of autonomous and

predictive maintenance, as well as equipment modifications to facilitate optimum

machine availability, quality and performance. TPM will drive the operational

efficiency of a manufacturing environment and profitability of the organization. In our

project we focus on studying the existing methods for rescheduling Section Layout,

implementing 5S Principles in the shop floor, manufacturing systems management,

and maintenance management and to improve the efficiency of process with TPM

implementation. 5s is an integral step in TPM. It focuses on developing stability and

standardization in the organization. It can provide benefits in areas from safety to

quality. [4]

2.2 Present theory and practices

The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) system serves as a bridge between

production department of industry& computer by connecting the network with GUI

form. The supervisor can access the information of any VMC/CNC machine from

anywhere at any time simply by Sitting in front of PC to which the Ethernet cable is

connected. The TPM system uses machine strings which come continuously from

machine when job is done in each shift. The input may be given when all the essential

information is feed into machine panel and start it. The circuit with AVR controller

will take data from machine and store string and forward to computer through serial

communication. On computer there is provision made to show required data into their

standard format using GUI system. For that VB.net software tool is used. To arrange

the data taken into tabular form sql software also used.



We have decided to choose “TPM Tracking Device” as our project because:

a. Industry demand for such a system which will help them to show

machine information into their standard format.

b. The system used is Intelligent for Interaction between machine and

Production department.

c. And we will provide the industry with all sorts of related information

for their concern.

d. This project will help owner to keep track of data so that he can

monitor performance of machine and operator.

e. Owner can see performance of machines or operators, through single

PC only. So this removes hard work of monitoring.

f. Due to this type of monitoring, operators gave their best to increase

machine performance and productivity and ultimately it increases

profit.

g. Data kept is in digital format, hence paper work is reduces.

h. As data is in digital format. One can easily regain that data whenever

necessary.



CHAPTER 3

Relevance of Work



CHAPTER 3

Relevance of Work:

The AVR controller is the heart of system. It consists of segments, each designed

for a specific purpose. They are;

1. AVR based decision device.

2. Ethernet protocol to send data.

3. GUI system built in P.C. to visualize the data as per company requirement.

3.1 AVR based decision device-

The circuit having AVR controller in it will take data from VMC machine. It will

compare and sense the taken data with standard data which is already given to AVR

controller through programming. The output of AVR processor is stored in EEPROM

memory.

3.2 Ethernet protocol –

To send machine data to maintenance department the proper channel is required

which is capable to visualize data received in company required manner. Ethernet is

the most popular LAN technology in the world. It is an easy, relatively inexpensive

way to provide high-performance networking to all different types of computer

equipment.

3.3 GUI system built in P.C.-

Graphical user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through

graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-

based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in

reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces which

require commands to be typed on the keyboard.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_%28computing%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_%28computing%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_notation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based_user_interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text-based_user_interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_curve

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard



CHAPTER 4

Hardware Implementation



CHAPTER 4

Hardware Implementation:

4.1 Block Diagram-

The above fig 4.1 shows the block representation of TPM tracking system for

machine shop. System will take data from VMC machine. Parameters of VMC

machine will act as an input to our system. The strings which come from machine will

be stored into internal EEPROM of controller, the external EEPROM memory can be

interface with controller in order to expand memory capacity and keep record of data.

The system also consists of prototype simulator. The simulator is nothing but one of

hardware which sends strings like VMC machine into controller for demo purpose. In

most of industries they favor to send their data through wired medias so, in our system

we are using the Ethernet cable to send data from AVR controller to maintenance

department computer. Ethernet is the collective name for a variety of closely related

network standards. As a network standard, each version of Ethernet includes

specifications for the physical network layer how the signals will be sent and

received. Protocols like IP or NetWare, in contrast, define communications without

reference to the physical transport medium. It treats the various Ethernet standards as

if they were protocols, discriminating among them based on the unique form each one

gives to packet headers.

The data receive by manufacturing department should follow their standard

format. In order to convert the information coming from machine into standard

manner we are going to design one software which takes data and merge it into their

standard format. The GUI system is connected with P.C. A graphical user interface

(GUI) is a human-computer interface that uses and menu and which can be

manipulated by a mouse. GUIs stand in sharp contrast to command line interfaces,

which use only text and are accessed solely by a keyboard. A window is a rectangular

portion of the monitor screen that can display its contents program independently of

the rest of the display screen. A major feature is the ability for multiple windows to be

open simultaneously. Each window can display a different application, or each can

display different files that have been opened or created with a single application.



The three phase sensing and temperature control unit will give the current

information about three phase supply and cooling fan system on LCD.

Fig. 4.1 Block diagram for project



4.2 Proteus based figures:

Fig.4.2AVR controller circuit

Fig.4.3 Three phase sensing and temperature control



4.3 Circuit layout:

Fig.4.4 layout of AVR controller circuit



Fig.4.5 layout of three phase sensing and temperature control



4.4 List of Components:

Sr. No. Components used Quantity

1. ATMEGA16 AVR controller 1

2. MAX RS232 1

3. LM 35 1

4. IL 358 OP-AMP 4

5. Transformer (6-0-6,500mA ) 3

6. Transformer (12-0-12,1mA )

Crystal (12 MHz)

1

7. Resistors

100 Ω

100k(pre-set)

80 k

10k

470Ω

1

1

1

1

4

8. Capacitors

100 µF

100 uF

10 uF

1 uF

1 nF

0.01 uF

4700 uF,

4

3

1

1

2

10

1

9. Diodes

1N

1N4007

12

4

10. Push to on Switch 9

11. Connectors and cables

6 pin

1

2



4 pin

2 pin

6

12. IC base

40 pin

8 pin

16 pin

One each

13. Discrete Components

DC motor(fan)

LEDs

12 V Rely

One each

14. PCBs 2

Table 4.1: List of Components

The transformer (12-0-12,2A) coverts the 230V AC input to the 12-0-12 V

AC. The diodes 1N4007 placed in a Centre tapped configuration convert the AC into

pulsating DC. The filter capacitor 100 uF, 35V electrolytic filters the pulsating DC

and makes it pure DC. The regulator IC’s ensuring the output DC voltage to be in the

specified range.

The ATMEGA16 AVR controller works on a 5V DC supplied by the

regulator. The 3 phase sensing circuit and temperature control unit also work on 5 and

12 volts respectively so, filtering IC’s are used to provide proper filtered supply.

The relay is works on a 12V DC supply. The work of relay is to determine on

the basis of set temperature and varied temperature sensed by LM 35. The two

temperatures are compared by comparator circuit which is to be designed with help of

OP-amp IC IL 358. Comparator output is high then switching operation of relay takes

place and cooling fan gets ON.



4.5 Power Supply Components:

1. Input230V,50Hz AC

2. A 9-0-9 Transformer

3. Diode 1N4007

4. Filter Capacitor

5. 7805 Regulator

6. Transient response capacitor

Fig.4.6 Power Supply

Regulator:

Fig. 4.7 Regulator



Pin Description:

Pin

No

Function Name

1 Input voltage (5V-18V) Input

2 Ground (0V) Ground

3 Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) Output

Table No.:4.2 Pin Descriptions of 7805

Regulator eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage. Voltage

regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5V, 12V and 15V) or variable output

voltages. Negative voltage regulators are also available.

Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads (input, output and high

impedance). They include a hole for attaching a heat sink if necessary.

Features of LM7805:

Output Current up to 1A

Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V

Thermal Overload Protection

Short Circuit Protection

Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection



4.6 AVR IC ATMEGA16:

AVR ATMEGA16 the AVR is a high performance controller providing

advanced in system programming and test capabilities for general purpose logic

integration. It is comprised for four ports, providingwith propagation delays of 14.2us

and work at maximum speed of 16MHz frequency[9]

4.6.1 Features:

High Performance, Low Power Atmel®AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller

a. Advanced RISC Architecture

i. 131 Powerful Instructions - Most Single Clock Cycle Execution

ii. 32 × 8 General Purpose Working Registers

iii. Fully Static Operation

iv. Up to 1 MIPS throughput per MHz

v. On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

b. Data and Non-Volatile Program Memory

i. 16/32/64K Bytes Flash of In-System Programmable Program

Memory

ii. 512B/1K/2K Bytes of In-System Programmable EEPROM

iii. 1/2/4K Bytes Internal SRAM

iv. Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/ 100,000 EEPROM

v. Data Retention: 20 years at 85°C/ 100 years at 25°C

vi. Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits

c. In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program

d. True Read-While-Write Operation

i. Programming Lock for Flash Program and EEPROM Data

Security

e. On Chip Debug Interface (debug WIRE)

f. CAN 2.0A/B with 6 Message Objects - ISO 16845 Certified

g. LIN 2.1 and 1.3 Controller or 8-Bit UART

h. One 12-bit High Speed PSC (Power Stage Controller)

i. Non Overlapping Inverted PWM Output Pins with Flexible Dead-

Time

ii. Variable PWM duty Cycle and Frequency



iii. Synchronous Update of all PWM Registers

i. Peripheral Features

i. One 8-bit General purpose Timer/Counter with Separate Presales,

Compare Mode And Capture Mode

ii. One 16-bit General purpose Timer/Counter with Separate presales,

Compare Mode and Capture Mode

iii. One Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface

iv. 10-bit ADC Up To 11 Single Ended Channels and 3 Fully

Differential ADC Channel Pairs Programmable Gain (5×, 10×, 20×,

40×) on Differential Channels Internal Reference Voltage Direct

Power Supply Voltage Measurement

v. 10-bit DAC for Variable Voltage Reference (Comparators, ADC)

vi. Four Analog Comparators with Variable Threshold Detection

vii. 100μA ±2% Current Source (LIN Node Identification)

viii. Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change

ix. Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-Chip Oscillator

j. Special Microcontroller Features

i. Low Power Idle, Noise Reduction, and Power Down Modes

ii. Power On Reset and Programmable Brown Out Detection

iii. In-System Programmable via SPI Port

iv. High Precision Crystal Oscillator for CAN Operations (16MHz)

v. Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator ( 8MHz)

vi. On-chip PLL for fast PWM ( 32MHz, 64MHz) and CPU (16MHz)

k. Operating Voltage: 2.7V - 5.5V

l. Extended Operating Temperature:

i. -40°C to +85°C

m. Core Speed Grade:

i. 0 - 8MHz @ 2.7 - 4.5V

ii. 0 - 16MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5V



4.6.2 Pin Diagram:

Figure4.8: Pinout of IC ATMEGA16

4.6.3 Pin Description:

QFN32 Pin Number

Mnemonic

Type

Name, Function & Alternate Function

5 GND Power Ground: 0V reference

20 AGND Power Analog Ground: 0V reference for analog part

4

VCC Power Power Supply

19

AVCC Power

Analog Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for analog

21

AREF Power Analog Reference: reference for analog converter . This is the reference voltage of the A/D converter. As output, can be used by external analog ISRC (Current Source Output)

8

PB0 I/O MISO (SPI Master In Slave Out) PSCOUT2A(1) (PSC Module 2 Output A)



PCINT0 (Pin Change Interrupt 0)

9

PB1 I/O

MOSI (SPI Master Out Slave In) PSCOUT2B(1) (PSC Module 2 Output B) PCINT1 (Pin Change Interrupt 1)

16

PB2 I/O

ADC5 (Analog Input Channel 5) INT1 (External Interrupt 1 Input) ACMPN0 (Analog Comparator 0 Negative Input) PCINT2 (Pin Change Interrupt 2)

23

PB3 I/O AMP0- (Analog Differential Amplifier 0 Negative Input) PCINT3 (Pin Change Interrupt 3)

24

PB4 I/O AMP0+ (Analog Differential Amplifier 0 Positive Input) PCINT4 (Pin Change Interrupt 4)

26

PB5 I/O ADC6 (Analog Input Channel 6) INT2 (External Interrupt 2 Input) ACMPN1 (Analog Comparator 1 Negative Input) AMP2- (Analog Differential Amplifier 2 Negative Input) PCINT5 (Pin Change Interrupt 5)

27

PB6 I/O ADC7 (Analog Input Channel 7) PSCOUT1B(1) (PSC Module 1 Output A) PCINT6 (Pin Change Interrupt 6)

28

PB7 I/O ADC4 (Analog Input Channel 4) PSCOUT0B(1) (PSC Module 0 Output B) SCK (SPI Clock) PCINT7 (Pin Change Interrupt 7)

30

PC0 I/O PSCOUT1A(1) (PSC Module 1 Output A) INT3 (External Interrupt 3 Input) PCINT8 (Pin Change Interrupt 8)

3 PC1 I/O

PSCIN1 (PSC Digital Input 1) OC1B (Timer 1 Output Compare B) SS_A (Alternate SPI Slave Select) PCINT9 (Pin Change Interrupt 9)

6

PC2 I/O

T0 (Timer 0 clock input) TXCAN (CAN Transmit Output) PCINT10 (Pin Change Interrupt 10)

7

PC3 I/O

T1 (Timer 1 clock input) RXCAN (CAN Receive Input) ICP1B (Timer 1 input capture alternate B input) PCINT11 (Pin Change Interrupt 11)

17

PC4 I/O

ADC8 (Analog Input Channel 8) AMP1- (Analog Differential Amplifier 1 Negative Input) ACMPN3 (Analog Comparator 3 Negative Input ) PCINT12 (Pin Change Interrupt 12)

18 PC5 I/O

ADC9 (Analog Input Channel 9) AMP1+ (Analog Differential Amplifier 1 Positive Input) ACMP3 (Analog Comparator 3 Positive Input)



PCINT13 (Pin Change Interrupt 13) 22

PC6 I/O ADC10 (Analog Input Channel 10) ACMP1 (Analog Comparator 1 Positive Input) PCINT14 (Pin Change Interrupt 14)

25

PC7 I/O

D2A (DAC output) AMP2+ (Analog Differential Amplifier 2 Positive Input) PCINT15 (Pin Change Interrupt 15)

29

PD0 I/O PSCOUT0A(1) (PSC Module 0 Output A) PCINT16 (Pin Change Interrupt 16)

32

PD1 I/O PSCIN0 (PSC Digital Input 0) CLKO (System Clock Output) PCINT17 (Pin Change Interrupt 17)

1

PD2 I/O OC1A (Timer 1 Output Compare A) PSCIN2 (PSC Digital Input 2) MISO_A (Programming & alternate SPI Master In Slave Out) PCINT18 (Pin Change Interrupt 18)

2

PD3 I/O TXD (UART Tx data) TXLIN (LIN Transmit Output) OC0A (Timer 0 Output Compare A) SS (SPI Slave Select) MOSI_A (Programming & alternate Master Out SPI Slave In) PCINT19 (Pin Change Interrupt 19)

12

PD4 I/O ADC1 (Analog Input Channel 1) RXD (UART Rx data) RXLIN (LIN Receive Input) ICP1A (Timer 1 input capture alternate A input) SCK_A (Programming & alternate SPI Clock) PCINT20 (Pin Change Interrupt 20)

13

PD5 I/O ADC2 (Analog Input Channel 2) ACMP2 (Analog Comparator 2 Positive Input) PCINT21 (Pin Change Interrupt 21)

14

PD6 I/O ADC3 (Analog Input Channel 3) ACMPN2 (Analog Comparator 2 Negative Input) INT0 (External Interrupt 0 Input) PCINT22 (Pin Change Interrupt 22)

15

PD7 I/O ACMP0 (Analog Comparator 0 Positive Input) PCINT23 (Pin Change Interrupt 23)

31

PE0 I/O or I RESET (Reset Input) OCD (On Chip Debug I/O) PCINT24 (Pin Change Interrupt 24)

10 PE1 I/O

XTAL1 (XTAL Input) OC0B (Timer 0 Output Compare B) PCINT25 (Pin Change Interrupt 25)

11 PE2 I/O XTAL2 (XTAL Output) ADC0 (Analog Input Channel 0) PCINT26 (Pin Change Interrupt 26)

Table 4.3: Pin Description of ATMEGA16



Fig. 4.9 Physical IC Photograph

Fig. 4.10 Physical IC Photograph in SMD package



4.6.4 Connections of IC ATMEGA16:

PORT B:

Out of 8 pins of PORT B PB0 to PB5 pins are used for connection.

PB0 pin is connected to the RS enable of LCD.

PB1 pin is connected to the Enable of LCD.

PB2 to PB5 pins are connected to the D4 to D7 of LCD Respectively.

PORT A:

PA0 pin is used to detect R phase of supply.

PA1 pin is used to detect Y phase of supply.

PA2 pin is used to detect B phase of supply.

PA3 pin is used to detect whether cooling fan is ON or OFF.

PORT D:

PD0 pin is used to receive string from CNC/VMC machine.

PD1 pin is used transmit the string to serial port.



4.7 Op-amp IL 358:

These devices consist of two independent, high-gain frequency-compensated

operational amplifiers designed to operate from a single supply over a wide range of

voltages. Operation from split supplies also is possible if the difference between the

two supplies is 3 V to 32 V (3 V to 26 V for the LM2904), and VCC is at least 1.5 V

more positive than the input common-mode voltage. The low supply-current drain is

independent of the magnitude of the supply voltage.

Applications include transducer amplifiers, dc amplification blocks, and all the

conventional operational amplifier circuits that now can be implemented more easily

in single-supply-voltage systems. For example, these devices can be operated directly

from the standard 5-V supply used in digital systems and easily can provide the

required interface electronics without additional ±5-V supplies.

In our circuit ,we have used op-amp as a comparator to compare the

temperature of CNC/VMC machine with threshold temperature value, so that when

temperature of machine exceeds above the threshold level , output of op-amp

becomes high and relay gets high pulse and its normally open contact goes to

normally close position and fan gets turn on.

4.7.1 Features:

a. Wide Supply Ranges

i. Single Supply: 3 V to 32 V (26 V for LM2904)

ii. Dual Supplies: ±1.5 V to ±16 V (±13 V for LM2904)

b. Low Supply-Current Drain, Independent of Supply Voltage: 0.7 mA Typ

c. Wide Unity Gain Bandwidth: 0.7MHz

d. Common-Mode Input Voltage Range Includes Ground, Allowing Direct

Sensing Near Ground

e. Low Input Bias and Offset Parameters

i. Input Offset Voltage: 3 mV Typ A Versions: 2 mV Typ



ii. Input Offset Current: 2 nA Typ

iii. Input Bias Current: 20 nA Typ A Versions: 15 nA Type

f. Differential Input Voltage Range Equal to Maximum-Rated Supply Voltage:

32 V (26 V for LM2904)

g. Open-Loop Differential Voltage Gain: 100dB Typ

h. Internal Frequency Compensation

Fig4.11 pin out of IL 358 OP-amp

4.7.2 Connections of IL358:

IC IN358 consists two op-amps, out of which first one is used as voltage

amplifier and second one is as comparator.

Pin no 1 is output of first op-amp, which is connected as input of second op-amp.

Pin no 2 is grounded through 10k resistor.

Pin no 3 receives output of LM35 sensor.

Pin no 4 is ground.

Pin no 5 receives output of pin no 1 which is in amplified form and Pin no 6

connected to variable resistor, in order to set the threshold temperature as per our

requirement.

Pin no 7 gives output to base of transistor.

Pin no 8 connected to VCC.



Fig 4.12: Op-amp IC IL 358

4.8 LCD

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find

a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very

commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over

seven segments and other multi segment LEDs.

The reasons being-LCDs are economical, easily programmable, have no

limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments),

animations and so on.A16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and

there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix.

This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A

command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,

clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data

register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the

character to be displayed on the LCD

http://www.engineersgarage.com/content/seven-segment-display

http://www.engineersgarage.com/content/led

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/create-custom-characters-LCD-AT89C51

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/display-custom-animations-LCD-AT89C51



Fig. 4.13: LCD Display

4.8.1 Pin description

Pin

No Function Name


2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc

3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE

4 Selects command register when low; and data register when high

Register Select

5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register

Read/write

6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable

7

8-bit data pins

DB0

8 DB1

9 DB2

10 DB3

11 DB4

12 DB5

13 DB6

14 DB7

15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+

16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

Table No 4.4: Pin Functions of LCD





4.9 Temperature Sensor IC LM35:

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature devices with an

output voltage linearly-proportional to the Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device

has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is

not required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to obtain convenient

Centigrade scaling.

Fig no 4.14: Temperature sensor IC LM35

4.9.1 Features

a. Calibrated Directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

b. Linear + 10-mV/°C Scale Factor

c. 0.5°C Ensured Accuracy (at 25°C)

d. Rated for Full −55°C to 150°C Range

e. Suitable for Remote Applications

f. Low-Cost Due to Wafer-Level Trimming

g. Operates from 4 V to 30 V

h. Less than 60-μA Current Drain

i. Low Self-Heating, 0.08°C in Still Air

j. Non-Linearity Only ±¼°C Typical

k. Low-Impedance Output, 0.1 Ω for 1-mA Load



4.9.2 Pin Description and Function:

Fig 4.15: Pin Description of LM35

Pin No Function Name

1 Supply voltage; 5V (+35V to -2V) Vcc

2 Output voltage (+6V to -1V) Output


Table no 4.5: function of pins of LM35



4.9.3 Electrical characteristics LM-35:

Table no 4.6: Electrical characteristics LM-35



4.10 Voltage Regulator IC 78XX series:

It is a three terminal positive regulator available in TO-220 package as shown

in fig 5.4.1 with several fixed output voltages. It employs internal current limiting,

thermal shut down and safe operating area protection as shown in table 5.2.

4.10.1 Features:

Output current up to 1A

Output voltages- 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 V

Thermal Overload Protection

Short Circuit Protection

Output Transistor Safe Operating Area.

Fig. 4.16 IC 7805 Pin diagram

Fig 4.17: IC 7805 Block Diagram



4. 11 MAX 232-

The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive

voltage generator to supply EIA-232 voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each

receiver converts EIA-232 inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have a

typical threshold of 1.3 V and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can accept ±30-V

inputs. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into EIA-232 levels. The driver,

receiver, and voltage-generator functions are available as cells in the Texas

Instruments LinASICE library. The MAX232 is characterized for operation from 0°C

to 70°C. The MAX232I is characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C.

4.11.1 Features:

a. Operates With Single 5-V Power Supply

b. LinBiCMOSE Process Technology

c. Two Drivers and Two Receivers

d. ±30-V Input Levels

e. Low Supply Current . . . 8 mA Typical

f. Meets or Exceeds TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU

g. Recommendation V.28

h. Designed to be Interchangeable With Maxim MAX232

i. Applications

I. TIA/EIA-232-F

II. Battery-Powered Systems

III. Terminals

IV. Modems

V. Computers

j. ESD Protection Exceeds 2000 V Per MIL-STD-883, Method 3015

k. Package Options Include Plastic Small-Outline (D, DW) Packages

and Standard Plastic (N) DIPs



4.11.2 Pin out and pin description-

Fig 4.18: pin out of MAX 232

Pin

No Function Name

1

Capacitor connection pins

Capacitor 1

+

2 Capacitor 3 +

3 Capacitor 1 -

4 Capacitor 2

+

5 Capacitor 2 -

6 Capacitor 4 -

7 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at RS232 logic level; connected to receiver pin of PC

serial port

T2 Out

8 Input pin; receives serially transmitted data at RS 232 logic level; connected to transmitter pin of PC serial port

R2 In

9 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at TTL

logic level; connected to receiver pin of controller.

R2 Out

10 Input pins; receive the serial data at TTL logic level;

connected to serial transmitter pin of controller.

T2 In

11 T1 In

12 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at TTL logic level; connected to receiver pin of controller.

R1 Out

13 Input pin; receives serially transmitted data at RS 232 logic level; connected to transmitter pin of PC serial

port

R1 In

14 Output pin; outputs the serially transmitted data at

RS232 logic level; connected to receiver pin of PC serial port

T1 Out


16 Supply voltage; 5V (4.5V – 5.5V) Vcc

Table 4.7: pin functions of MAX 232



4.12 Relay-

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of

the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch

contacts. Relays are either Normally Open(NO)or Normally Closed(NC).Normally

open relays have switch that remains open until energized while normally closed

relays are closed until energized.

Fig.4.19: Relay

Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely

separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to

switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay

between the two circuits; the link is magnetic and mechanical.

The coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V

relay, but it can be as much as 100mA for relays designed to operate from lower

voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot provide this current and a transistor is usually used

to amplify the small IC current to the larger value required for the relay coil. The

maximum output current for the popular 555 timer IC is 200mA so these devices can

supply relay coils directly without amplification. Relays are usually SPDT

or DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch contacts, for example relay with

4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. Most relays are designed for PCB

mounting but you can solder wires directly to the pins providing you take care to

avoid melting the plastic case of the relay.

The supplier's catalogue should show you the relay's connection. The



coil will be obvious and it may be connected either way round. Relay coils produce

brief high voltage 'spikes' when they are switched off and this can destro y transistors

and ICs in the circuit. To prevent damage you must connect a protection diode across

the relay coil.

The relay’s switch connections are usually contains COM, NC and NO.

COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the switch.

NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.

NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.

Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil

is on. Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the

relay coil is off.

4.12.1 Advantages of Relay:

Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.

Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.

Relays are a better choice for switching large currents (> 5A).

Relays can switch many contacts at once



CHAPTER 5

Software Implimentation



CHAPTER 5

Software Implimentation:

5.1 Software used-

5.1.1About VB.net-

Visual Basic was initially introduced in 1991 as the first programming

language that directly supported programmable graphical user interfaces using

language-supplied objects. From that time until 2002, there were five other versions

released, each version having features that increased the power of the language. In

2001, Microsoft released the .NET (pronounced “dot net”) platform. Visual Basic

.NET, or VB.NET, is an upgrade to the last version of VB (version 6.0) that conforms

to the .NET platform. The changes in VB.NET allow programmers to write Web or

desk-top applications within the same language. In addition, VB.NET is fully object-

oriented as opposed to prior versions that had many, but not all, of the elements of an

object-oriented language. [10]

From a programming viewpoint, Visual Basic is an object-oriented language

that consists of two fundamental parts: a visual part and a language part. The visual

part of the language consists of a set of objects, while the language part consists of a

high- level procedural programming language. These two elements of the language are

used together to create applications. An application is simply a Visual Basic program

that can be run under the Windows operating system. The term application is

preferred to the term program for two reasons: one, it is the term selected by

Microsoft to designate any program that can be run under its Windows Operating

System (all versions) and two, it is used to avoid confusion with older procedural

programs that consisted entirely of only a language element.[10]



Fig 5.1:Starting window of VB

5.1.2 about sql:

SQL Server provides a number of tools that serve different purposes, such as

installation, database query, and replication. All these tools have user- friendly

graphical interfaces. Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management

system developed by Microsoft. As a database, it is a software product whose primary

function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it

those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network

(including the Internet).[11]

5.1.2.1 SQL Server 2005:

SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") released in October 2005. It

included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For

this purpose, it defined an xml data type that could be used either as a data type in

database columns or as literals in queries. XML columns can be associated with XSD

schemas; XML data being stored is verified against the schema. XML is converted to

an internal binary data type before being stored in the database. Specialized indexing

methods were made available for XML data. XML data is queried using XQuery;

SQL Server 2005 added some extensions to the T-SQL language to allow embedding

XQuery queries in T-SQL. In addition, it also defines a new extension to XQuery,

called XML DML, that allows query-based modifications to XML data. SQL Server

2005 also allows a database server to be exposed over web services using Tabular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database_management_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_type

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_%28computer_science%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-SQL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabular_Data_Stream



Data Stream (TDS) packets encapsulated within SOAP (protocol) requests. When the

data is accessed over web services, results are returned as XML.

Common Language Runtime (CLR) integration was introduced with this

version, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR. For relational

data, T-SQL has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support

for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has

also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery

systems. Data pages are checksummed for better error resiliency, and optimistic

concurrency support has been added for better performance. Permissions and access

control have been made more granular and the query processor handles concurrent

execution of queries in a more efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexes are

supported natively, so scaling out a database onto a cluster is easier. SQL CLR was

introduced with SQL Server 2005 to let it integrate with the .NET Framework.

SQL Server 2005 introduced Multi-Version Concurrency Control. User facing

features include new transaction isolation level called SNAPSHOT and a variation of

the READ COMMITTED isolation level based on statement-level data snapshots.

SQL Server 2005 introduced "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets), a

method of allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes.

SQL Server 2005 introduced DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), which are

specialized views and functions that return server state information that can be used to

monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance.

Service Pack 1 (SP1) of SQL Server 2005 introduced Database Mirroring,[Note

1][10] a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at the

database level. Failover can be performed manually or can be configured for

automatic failover. Automatic failover requires a witness partner and an operating

mode of synchronous (also known as high-safety or full safety). [11]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabular_Data_Stream

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP_%28protocol%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Language_Runtime

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-SQL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_%28computing%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_connection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server#cite_note-10





Fig 5.2: window of SQL server 2005



START

5.2 Flow chart for software implication:

Flow Chart for Form 1

Fig 5.3: flow chart for form 1

VALUE FROM THE SERIAL PORT

SPLIT IN STANDARD FORMAT

SPLIT ALL STRING

DATE FORMAT

TIME FORMAT

SAVE IN DATABASE WITH END CYCLE (1, 42)

END



5.2.1 Operation:

When the data is received from AVR through ETHERNET. That data is in

form of string .that string is captured in our software which is created using VB.net.

Software separates that string and fills that string into their corresponding block. So

that anyone can understand that string.

That separated string is transmitted to sql software, where that string is stored into

database.

Fig 5.4: window of frame 1



5.3 FLOW CHART FOR FILL LIST VIEW

Fig 5.5: FLOW CHART FOR FILL LIST VIEW

CERATE FIVE SQL QUERRY WITH CONDITION

TAKE VALUE IN DATA ADEPTER

FILL VALUE IN DATA ADEPTER TO DATA TABLE

FILL TABLE TO LIST VIEW

START

END



5.3.1 Operation:

Create 5 sql queries in sql software with solution and data adapter for storing

separated string from VB.net. fill separated string to their corresponding blocks. Data

table will take that separated string from data adapter so that one can retrieve that

whenever it is required.

Fig 5.6: window of creation of table



Fig 5.7: window of table filled with data



5.4 FLOW CHART FOR REPORT

Fig 5.8: FLOW CHART FOR REPORT

5.4.1 Operation:

Create data set and add separated string from list view. Give data set values

for creating crystal report. When we refresh crystal report it will give us graphical

representation of data.

Procedure for creating crystal report:

a. Open Visual Studio .NET and select a new Visual Basic .NET Project.

b. Create a new Crystal Report from the database

ADD VALUE IN DATA SET FROM LIST VIEW

GIVE DATA SET VALUE FOR REPORT

CALL REPORT IN CRYSTAL REPORT VIEWER

REFRESH CRYSTAL REPORT

START

END



c. From main menu in Visual Studio select PROJECT-->Add New Item . Then

Add New Item dialogue will appear and select Crystal Reports from the

dialogue box

d. Select Report type from Crystal Reports gallery.

e. select the appropriate connection to your database.

i. For example: Select OLE DB (ADO) from Create New

Connection

f. Select Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server.

g. Then you will get your Server name under OLEDB Connection from there

select database name (Crystaldb) and click the tables , then you can see all

your tables from your database.

h. From the tables list select Product table to the right side list .

i. Select all fields from table to the right side list

Fig 5.9: window of graphical representation



CHAPTER 6

Discussion and future scopes



CHAPTER 6

Discussion and future scopes:

6.1 Discussion-

a. When machine get started, it will start to send strings continuously to our

device.

b. String actually consists of Date, Time, operator id, machine id, job number

and other codes for various reasons.

c. That string will be received by our device and then it is stored in internal

EEPROM of AVR. And then it is forwarded to PC through ETHERNET.

d. In pc using VB.net software, we have created one window, in which we can

separate received string into simplest form so that it can be understandable to

anyone.

e. That separated string is stored in SQL software. So that we can recover data

anytime.

f. It is also useful for detecting 3-phases connected to machine and for

controlling cooling fan system.

6.2 Advantages –

a. Visual tool for Lean Management

b. Improved production efficiency

c. Improved product quality

d. Find out the causes of malfunctions and stoppages

e. Reliable and accurate information on machine capacity usage

f. More efficient maintenance and improved equipment reliability

g. Product-specific effective production times and quantities

h. Accurate information to support investment decisions

i. Dependable information to support accounting

j. Support for OEE key figure calculation

k. Reduction of manual work

l. It helps you to reduce your manufacturing downtime

m. It connects you to all of your shop floor assets



n. It’s reliable

o. It’s easy, economical, and low-risk

p. It has a short payback period

6.3 Disadvantages –

a. Only three machines can be connected to one device so, for more machines more

devices are needed.

b. Cost requires for developing such device is large.

c. Higher initial cost

6.4 Application:

6.4.1 .In VMC industries-

The device is very useful in VMC industries, to monitor machine parameter

and displaying them on computer. This will avoid the manpower require for machine

maintenance and to quick identify fault in which machine

6.4.2. In automation and automobile industries –

In such industries there is huge requirement of producing large product with

higher efficiency and with good material management scheme to achieve this TPM

concept is essential.



6.5 Future scope and Result:

It helps you to reduce your manufacturing downtime - Downtime is your

largest barrier to profitability. When one of your machines is down for an hour, many

hours of productivity can be lost because your manufacturing processes become

unsynchronized. It’s not unusual for a company to implement TPM-Trak, act on what

is discovered, and then achieve a 10%+ improvement in OEE. That 10% improvement

can generate a 60%+ improvement in income to your bottom line! A manufacturing

plant with annual sales of $100 million recovered $5.6 million in additional income

from operations through a 10% improvement in OEE. This example is documented in

“Overall Equipment Effectiveness: A Powerful Production/Maintenance Tool for

Increased Profits

It connects you to all of your shop floor assets - TPM-Trak is a single network

to / from every machine on your shop floor. It’s separate from your existing corporate

network and it automatically collects machine performance data with very little

machine operator involvement. It can be configured to send e-mail alerts or Short

Messaging Service (SMS) texts to machine operators, maintenance personnel, or plant

managers. It can automatically inform the people who need to know when a machine

goes down or when OEE falls below acceptable values. No matter where you are, you

can still be connected to what’s happening in your shop

TPM-Trak is a single network to / from every machine on your shop floor. It’s

separate from your existing corporate network and it automatically collects machine

performance data with very little machine operator involvement. It can be configured

to send e-mail alerts or Short Messaging Service (SMS) texts to machine operators,

maintenance personnel, or plant managers. It can automatically inform the people

who need to know when a machine goes down or when OEE falls below acceptable

values. No matter where you are, you can still be connected to what’s happening in

your shop

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=Overall+Equipment+Effectiveness%3A+A+Powerful+Production%2FMaintenance+Tool+for+increased+Profits+by+Robert+C.+Hansen



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Message_Service





6.5.1 Result

Observation

Following is total hardware view

fig6.1 :- hardware view of project

Observation table:

Sr .no. Parameter Monitoring Controlling

1

Temperature

52 ’c/ over temp

Fan ON

2

Three Phase Indication

If Phase absent

Display on LCD



Output window for hardware

If all phase is absent then

If Y and B phase absent



Through Serial port data sending to the computer

Output window for software

Data come from serial port and split into different format



Graphical representation of incoming Data for particular machine



References:

1. Mr.Melesse Workneh Wakjira, Mr.Ajit Pal Singh “TOTAL PRODUCTIVE

MAINTENANCE: A CASE STUDY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY”

Global Journal of researches in engineering. Industrial engineering (February

2012) Volume 12 Issue 1 Version 1.0 February 2012

2. Ahuja, I.P.S. & Khamba, J.S. (2007). “An evaluation of TPM implementation

initiatives in an Indian manufacturing enterprise”. Journal of Quality in

Maintenance Engineering 13(4), 338-52.

3. Mr. Sharma Kumar Rajiv& Mrs. Sharma Pooja “COMPUTING RAM

INDICES FOR RELIABLE OPERATION OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS”

on 7th April 2012 Advances in Production Engineering & Management 7

(2012) 4, 245-254 ISSN 1854-6250 Scientific paper

4. Kathleen E. McKone “The impact of total productive maintenance practices

on manufacturing performance” Journal of management,19(2001)39-58.

5. Ajit Pal Sing “Total Productive Maintance” International Journal of

Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)vol 12,40-

50February2012.

6. Ahmed S.,Masjuki Hassan&Zahari Taha “TPM can go beyond

maintenance”Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering (2005)11(1),19-

42.

7. K.Arunraj,M.Maran,G.Manikandan “Benefits of TPM Implimentation”.2014

IEEE International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology

(ICIET’14) volume 3,31-53March 2014.

8. P.Prakash, S.Kumar, T.Sakthieswaran “Implementation of total productive

maintenance in industry – a case study” P.A.College of Engineering and

Technology, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology

(IJETT) - olume4Issue4- April 2013



9. Muhamad ali mazidi, sarmad naimi, sepher naimi book on “The AVR

microcontroller and embedded systems”

10. Mackenzie, Duncan (2006). "Navigate The .NET Framework And Your

Projects With The My Namespace". MSDN Magazine Visual Studio 2005

Guided Tour 2006. Microsoft.

11. Lam, Rohan. "Microsoft is Aligning with ODBC for Native Relational Data

Access - FAQ". SQL Server Forums. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved March

7, 2012

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163680.aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163680.aspx

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft

http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqldataaccess/thread/e696d0ac-f8e2-4b19-8a08-7a357d3d780f

http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqldataaccess/thread/e696d0ac-f8e2-4b19-8a08-7a357d3d780f



REF NO: -CT/LTR_JJM_COMPLETION/03 DATE: 31/03/2015

Project Completion Certificate

This is to Certify that following students from Dr.J. J.

Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur, has completed

the project of “TPM Tracking Device For Machine Shop

(H/W)” for B.E. Electronics in our company as per the

specifications in the year 2014-15.

The project is sponsored & the student has done the work

very sincerely as per the task given by us, hence it should be

submitted to our company after the Examination.

Name of Students are:

1. Sagare Avdhoot A.

2. Sawant Rohan R.

3. Hirave Vishal T.

For Core Technologies,

SURYAKANT DODMISE.

(Director)

(9325087773/9552951837)