GOOD MORNING RESPECTED TEACHER AND MY DEAR FRIENDS

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY

PRESENTED BY: RUTVIK SHAH STANLEY CHRISTY

Guided by: Prof. Ami Shah

OUR TOPICS FOR A L A

• Software•Memory

SOFTWARE

In the field of computer science, software is defined as a computer program,

which includes logical instructions used for performing a particular task on a computer system using hardware components . The following are the two major categories of software under which different types of computer programs can be classified

They are :- System Software Application software

HARDWARE

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

USER

Above figure shows a layered structure , which represents different components of a computer such as hardware , system software , application software , and user in a hierarchical manner.

SYSTEM SOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWARE SYSTEM SOFTWARE refers to a

computer program that manages and controls hardware components

of the computer system OR the system software is responsible for

the proper functioning of the computer hardware.

The system software is also

responsible for the proper functioning of the computer

system. The system software includes general programs,

which are written to provide an environment for developing

new application software using programming languages.

System software includes operating system, device drivers, compilers, etc. The most commonly used operating system are:• WINDOWS,• MAC OS X,• LINUX, etc.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE Application software is a computer program that is executed on the system software. It is designed and developed for performing specific tasks and is also known as end user program. Application software is unable to run without system software , such as word processing and spreadsheet.

Using this applications we can also format and print the document. The most commonly used word processing applications are:• MS Word • MS Excel• MS Power point

MEMORY

TYPES OF MEMORY 1 Primary Memory

a) RAMb) ROMc)Flash Memoryd)Cache Memory

2 Secondary Memory

PRIMARY MEMORY Primary storage or main

memory or internal memory is the area in a computer in

which data is stored for quick access by the computer’s

processor.Types :1. RAM2. ROM

3. Cache Memory

RAM The RAM (Random Access Memory) allows data

items to be read or write in almost the same amount of time. RAM family includes two important memory devices:

1. Static RAM (SRAM) - SRAM retains its contents as long as electrical power is applied to the chip. If the power is turned off or lost temporarily, its contents will be lost forever.

2 Dynamic RAM (DRAM) - DRAM, on the other hand, has an extremely short data lifetime-typically about four milliseconds. This is true even when power is applied constantly. DRAM controller is used to refresh the data before it expires.

ROMROM (Read Only Memory) is a type of

non-volatile memory used in computers and electronic devices.

Data stored in ROM can only be read.TYPES:

1. PROM2. EPROM3. EEPROM4. EAROM

CACHECache Memory, also called CPU memory, is

random access memory (RAM) that a computer’s microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular

RAM .There are three different levels of cache

memory:• Level 1 – storage capacity from 8kb to

128kb• Level 2 – storage capacity from 64kb to

16MB• Level 3 – storage capacity upto 8MB

SECONDARY MEMORY• Secondary memory is where

programs and data are kept on a long-term basis.• Common secondary storage

devices are the hard disks and optical disks.• The hard disks have enormous

storage capacity compared to main memory.

source• Wikipedia and• Text book

THANK YOU