Non Black Filler In Rubber Product

L. D. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

RUBBER TECHNOLOGY

Sub:- r.c.m.( rubber compounding materials)

1Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup

Topic:-Non Black-Fillers


Introduction

Non black filler mainly used for;

Reduce cost

Improve processing

Increasing hardness

Tensile strength

Tear resistance

Abrasion resistance

Other properties….


They are classified as :

• Fillers used mainly to reduce cost.

• Semi-reinforcing fillers.

• Reinforcing fillers.

• By the way reinforcing fillers used to achieve high performance in non black products.


Types of fillers:

• They are described in 2 ways:

• 1.. Mineral fillers

• 2.. Organic fillers


Mineral fillers

• Aluminium Hydroxide(hyrdrated)

• Aluminium silicate(hydrated)

• Antimony trioxide

• Barium ferrite

• Barytes(barium sulfate)

• Calcium carbonates and oxide

• Calcium silicate(hydrated)

• Calsium sulphate(hydrated)


Mineral fillers

• China clays

• Graphite

• Lead

• Litharge

• Lithopone

• Magnasium carbonate

• Magnasium oxide

• Mica powder

• Silicas

• Talc or french chalk

• Zinc oxide

• Titanium dioxide

• Zinc carbonate

• Zinc steatate 7Prepared by:-JYJ GRoup

Calcium carbonate as a mineral filler

• There are 5 types under this category:

• Ground lime stone: is an off white powder with particle size below 100 mesh. It is used where low cost is a main consideration high loading can be used to give only moderate hardness

• Ground chalk or whiting: is a white powder of partical size varying to below 30nm.it is used low-cost compound, giving moderate hardness and farily high resilience at high loadings but with poor tensile stregth and tear resistance.


Calcium carbonate as a mineral filler

• Precipitated Whitings:-Precipitated whitings may be byproducts of water softening processes or produced by precipitation from solutions of calcium salts, with particle sizes from about 20 μm to 50 nm.

• Treated whitings:-These are precipited whitings, the particles of which have been coated with up to 3% of a stearate.

• Calcium hydroxide,oxide,lime:- hydrated lime was used as an early accelerator of vulcanization.



China Clays

• China clay is the most popular filler and cheapener used in many rubber compounds.

• It is natural hydrated aluminium silicate.

• There are Four types of china clays as per below;

=>Soft Clays

=>Hard Clays

=>Calcined Clays

=>Treated Clays.


China Clays

• Soft Clays:-

-Off white powders,

-Particle size greater than 2 μm

-High loading for low cost compounds

-Greater hardness and tensile strength

-Less resilience than the calcium carbonate

-Mainly used in mechanical goods but cannot be used for bright coloured products.


China Clays

• Hard Clays:-

-whiter than soft clays

-particle size greater than 2 μm

-used as rein forcing fillers of moderate cost

- gives higher tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance than soft clays

-Mainly used in hose,flooring, and shoe soling


China Clays

• Calcined Clays:-

-Calcined to remove combined water, behave as reinforcing fillers with good white colour.

-hardness, tensile strength and electrical resistivity are higher than hard clays.

-They are mainly used where colour or electrical properties are important.


China Clays

• Treated Clays:-There are three types as per below;

- Amine coated(Frantex)

-Silane coated (Manchem)

-Polybutadiene coated (ICI W453)


Graphite:-

- Acid resistance materials

-Reduce surface friction of rubber products

-Used in hose manufacture and tire

Lithopone:-

-Mixture of Zinc sulphide and barium sulphate.


MICA POWDER

KAOLINE CLAYCHINA CLAY


Silicas

• GroundMineral silica : or sand

ground below 200 mesh is a cheap filler for heat resistant compounds and does not have effect on cure.

• Kieselguhr:

kieselguhr is a finally ground siliceous material also used for heat resistant compounds.


• Hydrated precipitated silicas:

These silica have partical size of 10 to 14 nm. They contain 10 to 14% water. They give high degree reinforcement to rubber compound to give high tensile strength ,tear resistance ,abrasion resistance and hardness .

They are used in translucent and colored product, mechanical goods and shoe soling.


• Fume silica or pyrogenic silica:

• this silica contains less than 2% water, they are highly reinforcing filler of very small partical size ,giving high tensile strength , tear resistance and abrasion resistance particularly to transparent silicone rubber.

• The used of wax, polyethen or other lubricating material is recommended to avoid sticking to rolls in processing and to mould after cure.


Zinc oxide

• It is white powder and is used as an accelerator ,activator and reinforcing filler which gives compound with high tensile strength and resilience but only moderate hardness.

• It is used at high loading to produce plastic and easily mould compound; these tend to stick to mills, calendar etc.


Talc

• It is naturally occuring mineral .

• It is used as an inert filler in heat resisting compound for gaskets, autoclave jointing etc.

• It is mainly used as an antitack dusting agent to prevent sticking of unvulcanized rubber to it self or to other surfaces.


Organic fillers

• Cork

• Glue

• Heveaplus

• High styrene resins

• Phenolic resins

• Shellac


Organic fillers

• Glue:

• It impart toughness and strength to rubber compound giving a leathery rubber.

• It also impart oil and fule resistance and thus used for making hose lining and gaskets.

• Due to toughness and its used for making shoe soles and heels etc.


Organic fillers

• Cork:

• Natural cork ground to various degrees of fineness from about 3 mm particles to powder, give compound with a high degree of resilience and compressibility and is used flooring ,tiles, gaskets etc.


CORKPHENOLIC RESIN



Engineering

Non Black Filler In Rubber Product