Intelligent Transport System

Intelligent Transportation System 2013-14

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K.J.Somaiya Polytechnic

Civil Engg. Department

Vidyanagar, Vidyavihar

Mumbai-77

Project &Seminar II

On

Intelligent Transportation System & its Application on Eastern

Freeway

Guided By

Mrs.Rema Surendran

Batch

2013-2014


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Mumbai-77

Submission

I Enrollment No. student of final year of

diploma in civil engineering course humbly submit that I have completed from time to time the practical and project work described in this report by my own skills and study between December 2013 to march 2014 as per the instruction and guidance of our guide.

Sr. No. Name of students Enroll. No.

1 Karan Makwana FCEG11130

2 Mayur Parmar FCEG11143

3 Dharmin Patel FCEG11146

4 Bharat Raghvani (Leader) FCEG11150

5 Shrenik Shah FCEG11153

6 Vattsal Shah FCEG11154

7 Yash Thakkar FCEG11160

8 Nimesh Waghela FCEG11163

9 Vishal Patel FCEG09150

And teacher has approval that the above students were associated with me for this project

work, however quantum, for my contribution

And that, I have not copied the report from any appreciable form. Any other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.


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Date Signature of student


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Mumbai-77

Certificate

Certified that this seminar report is submitted by the students of FINAL YEAR of the program in CIVIL ENGG. As a part of project work as prescribed by the board of studies

K. J. Somaiya polytechnic for the course PROJECT &SEMINAR II and those students were given instruction from time to time and their progress was found to be satisfactory

and the following students were associated in this

Sr. No. Name of students Enroll. No.

1 Karan Makwana FCEG11130

2 Mayur Parmar FCEG11143

3 Dhyanamm Patel FCEG11146

4 Bharat Raghvani (leader) FCEG11150

5 Shrenik Shah FCEG11153

6 Vattsal Shah FCEG11154

7 Yash Thakkar FCEG11160

8 Nimesh Waghela FCEG11163

9 Vishal Patel FCEG01950

And we have assessed the said work and are satisfied that the same is up to the standard envisaged for the level of the course, and that the work may be presented to the examiner.

PRINCIPAL H.C.E.D. PROJECT GUIDE


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for his showers of

blessings throughout our work to complete it and for providing us this opportunity and

granting us the capability to proceed successfully. We would also like to express our

gratitude towards our parents for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped

us in completion of this work.

We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who provided us the

possibility to complete this work. The success and final outcome of this is required a lot of

guidance and assistance from many people and we are extremely fortunate to have got this

all along the completion of our work. Whatever we have done is only due to such guidance

and assistance and we would not forget to thank them.

We take great pleasure to present you our work done during this project on

“Intelligent Transportation system & it’s application on eastern freeway” in VI

Semester Civil Engineering Diploma Course as a part of Project and Seminar II, as

prescribed by the Board of Studies of K. J. Somaiya Polytechnic (Autonomous Institute),

Mumbai for the course of Civil Engineering.

We are highly indebted to our Project Guide Mrs. Rema surendran for her guidance

and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the

project & also for her support in completing the project. It was her moral support that

encouraged us a lot for completion of this project.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. Shankar Vishwanath, Ex. Director of (ES & P), Munic ipa l

Corp. of Greater Mumbai & Mr. Arvind Dhabe, Deputy engineer of MMRDA .

The completion of project would not have been possible without the guidance and

cooperation of our respected staff members who guided us throughout the project.

We would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of all

the industry persons for giving us such attention and time. Also they have helped us in doing

a lot of research work and we came to know about so many new things and we are really

thankful to them


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ABSTRACT

Traffic control has been an issue since humans put the first wheel on the first cart. The

modern world demand mobility. Cars represent the main method of mobility, but today’s

congested highways & city streets don’t move fast, and sometimes they don’t move at all.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applies communications and information

technology to provide solutions to this congestion as well as other traffic control issues.

ITS represents a major transition in transportation on many dimensions. ITS is an

international program intended to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of surface

transportation system through advanced technologies in information systems,

communications and sensors. ITS is designed to promote advance technology, to ensure

that the Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) is effective, to support safe and fast

driving and to reduce traffic congestion. With this system, people, roads, and vehicles use

the latest information communication technology.

To reduce overall traffic congestion Eastern freeway has been constructed which starts from Orange Gate and till date it is completed till Ghatkopar with a length of 13.59 km and will

be extended up to Mankhrud. Of which elevated 4 Lane Bridge from Anik (near Wadala, Antop Hill) to P D Mello Road outside Princess Dock (“Orange Gate” near Wadi Bunder and S V Patel Road) is the SECOND LONGEST BRIDGE IN INDIA length being 9.3

km.

Typical traffic scenario of area covered by Eastern Freeway during the peak hours giving

emphasis to the Entry & Exit points are included in this report.

To reduce time travel the driver’s tend to cross the safe speed limit, causing accidents, and

life loss. This can be minimized with the effective application of Intelligent Transport

System (ITS).Application such as High Speed Camera’s, Advance Warning System,

Incident System, and Smart Roads will prove as a boon for the effective functioning of

the Eastern Freeway.


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Content Page no.

Chapter 1 ITS

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Benefits of ITS 3 1.3 Classification of ITS 4

1.4 Traffic scenario in Mumbai 4

1.5 Reasons For Traffic Congestion 5

Chapter 2 Advanced Traffic Management system

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 ATMS Function 7

2.3 DYNAC Software Suite 7

2.4 DYNAC ATMS Feature 8

2.5 Parking management 8

Chapter 3 Advanced public transport system

3.1 Introduction 9 3.2 Fleet Management Systems 10 3.3 Traveler Information Systems 10

3.4 Transportation Demand Management 11 3.5 Electronic Payment Systems 11

3.6 The Transit Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) 11

Chapter 4 Automated highway system

4.1 The Automated Highway System -- An Overview 12 4.2 AHS Benefits 12

4.3 How it works 13

Chapter 5 Other system

5.1 Incident management system 14

5.2 Electronic toll collection system 14 5.3. Advanced warning system 14

5.4 Vehicle information and communication system 14


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Chapter 6 ITS in India

6.1 ITS in India 15

6.2 Conclusion 16

Content Page no

Chapter 7 Preamble 18

7.1 Traffic related problem 19

7.2 Benefit of eastern freeway 19

7.3 Glance at Freeway 20

Chapter 8 Mumbai Eastern Freeway 21

Entry and Exit.

Chapter 9 Detailed Route of Eastern Freeway 24

Chapter 10 Traffic Analysis: Traffic Count Survey 28

Chapter 11 Application of ITS on Freeway 31

11.1 High speed Cameras 32

11.2 Warning System 36

11.3 Incident System 38

11.4 Smart Roads 40

Photo Gallery 41

Conclusion 48/

References 49


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Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

Intelligent traffic systems (ITS), sometimes called intelligent transportation systems, apply communications and information technology to provide solutions to this congestion as well as other traffic control issues.

It represents a major transition in transportation on many dimensions and is an international program intended to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of

surface transportation systems through advanced technologies in information systems, communications, and sensors. It is a system which is designed to promote advance technology, to ensure that the Electronic Toll Collection System (ETC) is

effective and to support safe driving. With this system, people, roads, and vehicles use the latest information communication technology.

It takes the first step towards meeting this challenge by providing effective, reliable and meaningful knowledge to motorists in time. Problems like high traffic

congestion; low transportation efficiency, low safety and endangered environment can be solved through innovative and sophisticated ways of handling latest

techniques that have emerged in recent years in integrating information technology, electronics and telecommunication with roads and traffic management.

Intelligent transportation systems, or ITS, encompass a broad range of wireless and wire line communications-based information, control and electronics technologies.

When integrated into the transportation system infrastructure, and in vehicles themselves, these Technologies help monitor and manage traffic flow, reduce congestion, provide

alternate routes to travelers, enhance productivity, and save lives, time and money.

1.2 Benefits of ITS The investments in ITS will help increase the benefits and efficiencies of transportation systems, thereby reducing the need for much costlier physical

expansion of systems. This optimism is not to be confused as any kind of illusion that new infrastructure expansion in India can be avoided altogether by resorting to


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ITS. Significant expansion of infrastructure will still be needed in India for a long time to come. But including ITS in the overall development strategy of India’s

transportation system can increase the number of beneficiaries of the system, significantly enhance the transportation-related safety which is a major concern in most parts of India and in some cases reduce the scale of infrastructure expansion.

Thus, a realistic approach to ITS deployment in India would consist of a balanced component of ITS as part of the ongoing expansion of transportation system. ITS initiatives in industrialized countries have clearly identified a number of

benefits associated with such projects. Even though ITS projects are

implemented with specific objectives with specific benefits in mind, the overall benefits to the society may prove to be quite substantial in many cases. For

example, Toronto’s COMPASS Freeway Traffic Management System, one of

the first and successful ITS projects in the world has been subjected to a great deal of scrutiny to evaluate its benefits. COMPASS has been found to reduce the

incident response times from 86 minutes to 30 minutes, the overall vehicle delay by 5.3 million vehicle-hours per year, the overall emission by 3,100 tons per year and the operating costs of commercial vehicles by $55 million per year. Cities in

the United States have reported an increase in throughout by 25% and reduction in travel times by 25% after implementing appropriate ITS initiatives. The following

is a list of identified benefits of ITS projects:

• Reduced rush hour congestion and delay.

• Increased safety and personal security. • Time savings and operation efficiencies.

• Reduced fuel consumption and emissions. • Improved customer service and reduced frustration. • Reduced road accidents and enhanced economic productivity.

1.3 Classification of ITS.

Advanced public transport system.(APTS)

Advanced traffic management system.(ATMS)

Automated highway system.

Advanced traveler information system. (explanation by video)

Electronic toll system.(explanation by video)

Advanced warning system.

Incident management system.

1.4 Traffic scenario in Mumbai

Mumbai seems to be heading for a traffic disaster with least 200 cars and 300 two-

wheelers being added to its road every day, indicating more people choose to

travel through their own vehicle instead of using public transport.


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Data available with state transport dept. reveals was that until March 2010, 57,846

two-wheelers and 30,118 cars were added to the Mumbai’s already congested

road. Data available was of 2010 but today there is more number of vehicles on

road.

Total number of vehicle in Mumbai has increased by 93,432 since2009, but

number of public transport used by public is increased by only 5,083 until March

2011.

1.5Reasons For Traffic Congestion

Most of traffic congestion occurs due to improper parking and hawkers on side of

road.

Most important reason for traffic is infrastructure which draws more traffic into

road system

Drainage system of roads is not good due to which there is a water logging in

many area.

Major problem is population and land is not available for construction of new

roads option remains is that constructing road on sea or on air.

Shortage of man power.

Non-cooperation from public for any new system or changes.

High accident rates due to varying speed of vehicles and lack of discipline among

road users.

Absence of effective monitoring and prevention of traffic violation.

Inadequate public transportation facilities, which run behind scheduled, causing

inconvenience to public.


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Chapter 2

Advanced Traffic Management system

2.1 Introduction

There would be no need of having management system for traffic, if traffic condition were

like of 60’s but time have changed hence the traffic condition.

At present there are 72.7 million motor vehicles are running on Indian roads and still

increasing. Most shocking part is only 3 Km of road is available for 1000 population.

India has highest number of road accident death with 1.3 lacs because of which every year

road accidents cost India about 3% to GDP.

Graphical representation for causes of accidents:-


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There is 77.91% of drivers fault and 17.40% for other which include poor road sign, non

functioning signs, bad weather etc

The Traffic Management System field is a primary subfield within the intelligent

transportation system domain. The ATMS view is a top-down management

Perspective that integrates technology primarily to improve the flow of vehicle traffic and

improve safety. Real-time traffic data from cameras, speed sensors etc flow into Traffic

Management System where it is integrated and processed (e.g. Incident detection) and

may result in action taken (e.g. traffic routing,DMS messages) with a goal of improving

traffic flow.

2.2 ATMS Function

Real-time traffic monitoring

Dynamic message sign monitoring and control

Incident monitoring

Traffic camera monitoring

Active traffic management

Chain control

Ramp meter monitoring and control

Arterial management

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Drivers

faultPedstain2

MechanicalBad roads

Others

percentage


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Traffic signal and monitoring control

Automated warning system

Road weather information system

Highway advisory radio

Urban traffic management and control

2.3 DYNAC Software Suit

Transdyn is anorganization that delivers DYNAC Software suit.DYNAC –advanced

traffic management software delivers the reliability and real-time data needed to

effectively manage highway, freeway,bridges and tunnel operations. This field-proven

National Transportation Communication for Intelligent (NTCIP)-complaint software has

been in use by transportation agencies since 1990 to meet the growing needs for versatile

transportation solutions.

DYNAC ATMS ensures optimal usage and safe passage on critical roadways, both under

normal conditions and during periods when planned events or unexpected adverse

condition such as inclement weather, lane closures, vehicular incidents and heavy volume

can impact the normal flow of traffic.

2.4 DYNAC ATMS Feature

Vehicle detection and traffic monitoring.

Automatic incident detection.

Integrated intelligent video management.

Real-time decision supports.

Stopped vehicle detection.

Automatic emergency and maintenance.

Movable median barrier and reversible roadways

Supervisory control for traffic signalization system.

Integrated bridge and tunnel facility.


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Closed loop control for ventilation system for tunnel.

Interface site access, security and fire protection system.

Management for freeways.

2.5 Parking management

Most of the traffic congestion occurs due to unmanaged parking. Efficient traffic

management system needs to be developed for traffic management.

This problem can be overcome by constructing a structure of level parking,

Undertaking grounds for parking. Instead of building islands at junction of roads,

parking can be constructed e.g. near CST station

Strict rules needed to be established for unmanaged parking around streets.


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Chapter 3

Advanced public transport system

3.1 Introduction

APTS include application such as automatic vehicle location, which enable transit vehicle,

whether bus or rail, to report location, making it possible for traffic operation managers to

construct a real-time view of the status of all assets in the public transportation system.

APTS help public to make public transport a more attractive option for commuters by

giving them enhance visibility into the arrival and departures status of buses and trains.

This category also include electronic fare payment system for public transportation

system, such as suica in Japan or T-money in Korea, which enable transit users to pay

fares contactlessely from their smart cards or mobiles using near field communication

technology.

Advanced transportation system, particularly providing “next-bus” or “next train

information” are increasingly common worldwide from Washington D.C. to Paris, Seoul,

Tokyo, Korea but not much in India.

APTS technologies can be organized into five broad categories that describe the

technologies' relevance to transit applications. Each category is comprised of a variety of

technology choices that are available to help transit agencies and organizations meet

travelers' service needs while increasing safety and efficiency. The five APTS technology

categories are:-

Transit Application APTS Technologies

Fleet Management Systems 1) Automatic Vehicle Location Systems.

2) Transit Operations Software.

Communications Systems. 3) Geographic Information Systems. 4) Automatic Passenger Counters. 5)Traffic

Signal Priority Systems.

Traveler Information Systems 1) Pre-Trip Transit and Multimodal 2)

Traveler Information Systems.


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3.2Fleet Management Systems

Fleet Management Systems aid in boosting the efficiency of transit systems, reducing

operating costs, and improving transit services through more precise adherence to

schedules. Fleet management systems do this by using technology to monitor the fleet's

effectiveness in meeting customer demand, identifying incidents, managing response, and

restoring service more effectively. More efficient planning, scheduling, and operations

can also increase ridership as customers are able to better depend on transit.

E.g. scheduling more trains and buses during Ganpati at night.

3.3Traveler Information Systems

Traveler Information Systems combine computer and communications technologies to

provide vehicle information to travelers at home, at work, on the roadside, or at bus and

rail transit stations. The information allows travelers to choose the most efficient and

convenient modes of travel. Travelers can access real-time schedules and congestion

information through telephones, cable television, variable message signs, kiosks, or

personal computers. The result is more convenience for routine or occasional travelers in

using and choosing transit.

E.g. providing real time information about buses, train any other transit to public

On digital screen.

3) In-Terminal/Wayside Transit

Information Systems. 4) In-Vehicle Transit Information Systems.

Electronic Payment Systems 1)Smart Cards

2)Fare Distribution Systems 3)Clearinghouse

Transportation Demand Management 1)Dynamic Ridesharing

2)Automated Service Coordination

3)Transportation Management Centers

The Transit Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI)

1)Lane Change and Merge Collision Avoidance

2)Forward Collision Avoidance 3)Rear Impact Collision Mitigation

4)Tight Maneuvering/ Precision Docking


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3.4 Electronic Payment Systems

Electronic Payment Systems are installed to make fare payment more convenient for

travelers and revenue collection less costly for transit providers. These systems combine

fare media, such as magnetic stripe cards or smart cards, with electronic communications

systems, data processing computers, and data storage systems to more efficiently collect

fares. Cards can be used for regional travel on buses, subways, and rail. These systems

can also be used to report real-time travel demand for better planning and scheduling of

services.

E.g. E-tolling system for highway which will reduce delay problem.

3.5 Transportation Demand Management

Transportation Demand Management refers to a set of techniques and programs employed

by transportation agencies and organizations to more effectively manage and utilize the

capacity of the existing infrastructure. The goal of demand management is to maximize

the capacity of the current transportation network in order to meet the increase in the

demand for transportation services. The techniques and programs utilize advanced

technologies to monitor capacity and manage the system in real time, as well as provide

information and incentives for travelers to find alternative solutions to traveling alone.

An example is the use of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes on freeways in which cars

with 2 or more passengers can drive. The objective of such a program is to encourage

carpooling on congested highways. or

Providing alternative to public for travel like monorail, metro, light-rail etc.

3.6The Transit Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI)

The Transit Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) is a research and development effort that is

seeking to develop technologies that help prevent crashes. Advanced safety and

information systems are applied to help drivers operate transit vehicles more safely and

effectively. The current focus of Transit IVI is to test these technologies on buses and


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paratransit vehicles; rail vehicles will be considered in the future. For buses, the FTA has

identified the five most frequent crash types

Chapter 4

Automated highway system

4.1 The Automated Highway System -- An Overview

The demand on our overburdened highway system is increasing every day. Traffic is

snarled, drivers are snarling. What should be a routine 20-minute trip can take hours, as

traffic congestion multiplies the effects of individual variations in driving performance "as

determined by physical abilities, knowledge, experience and, indeed, personality. " We

lose control over our plans and schedules; we rush because we're late; we cause accidents

and create ill will through recklessness and bad temper. This, in turn, makes the highway

system even more sluggish, unpredictable, and nonresponsive to driver needs.

A solution is waiting in the wings. The Automated Highway System (AHS) program,

stepped up in response to the mandate of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency

Act of 1991 (ISTEA) to "develop an automated highway and vehicle prototype from

which future fully automated intelligent vehicle-highway systems can be developed," will

provide the vision and technology to make highway driving efficient, safe, and

predictable.

In an automated highway system, the car will be guided by the road rather than by the

driver. Sensors and communication devices will link the road and the vehicle to maximize

driving performance. Driver error will be reduced and ultimately, with full

implementation, eliminated.

4.2 AHS Benefits


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Research has proven that the benefits of AHS on the performance of the existing

transportation system will, over time, be enormous and far-reaching. Over the long term,

traffic congestion will be reduced; safety will be enhanced to produce a virtually collision-

free environment; driving will be predictable and reliable. More specifically, the

advantages of AHS implementation include the following.

•More vehicles can be accommodated on the highway. The number of vehicles per hour

per lane can be significantly increased as traffic speeds are standardized and increased and

headway distances are decreased.

•Driving safety will be significantly greater than at present. The human error factor will be

removed.

•High-performance driving can be conducted without regard to weather and environmental

conditions. Fog, haze, blowing dirt, low sun angle, rain, snow, darkness, and other

conditions affecting driver visibility (and thus, safety and traffic flow) will no longer

impede progress.

•All drivers using AHS can be safe, efficient drivers. AHS offers enhanced mobility for

people with disabilities, the elderly, and less experienced drivers.

•Fuel consumption and emissions can be reduced. In the short term, these reductions will

be accomplished because start-and-stop driving will be minimized and because on-board

sensors will be monitored to ensure that the vehicle is operating at top performance. In the

long term, the AHS can support future vehicle propulsion/fuel designs.

•Land can be used more efficiently. Roads will not need to take up as much room, since

AHS facilities should allow for more effective use of the right of way. (1)

•More efficient commercial operations. Commercial trucking can realize better trip

reliability to support "just-in-time" delivery.

•More efficient transit operations. Transit operations can be automated, extending the

flexibility and convenience of the transit option to increase ridership and service.

4.3How it works

In one scheme, the roadway has magnetized stainless-steel spikes driven one meter apart

in its center the car senses the spikes to measure its speed and locate the center of the lane.

Furthermore, the spikes can have either magnetic north or magnetic south facing up. The

roadway thus has small amounts of digital data describing interchanges, recommended

speeds, etc.


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The cars have power steering and automatic speed controls, which are controlled by

computer. The cars, organize themselves into platoons of eight to twenty-five cars. The

platoons drive themselves a meter apart, so that air resistance is minimized. The distance

between platoons is the conventional braking distance. If anything goes wrong, the

maximum number of harmed cars should be one platoon.

Chapter 5

Other systems

5.1 Incident Management System

• They offer real time information about traffic conditions through variable message sign to warn accidents or other delays.

• Variable message sign is a board which provides information to the motorist of the upcoming hazards.

• Enables authorities to identify and respond to vehicle crashes or breakdowns with the most appropriate and timely emergency services, thereby minimizing recovery time.

5.2Electronic Toll Collection System

• ETC is a system by which drivers can pay tolls without having to stop at a toll booth.

• The collection of fees is performed electronically by way of equipment installed in the

vehicle and sensors at toll location.

• ETC is based on vehicle roadside communication system.

5.3. Advanced Warning System

• This system warns the present accident to be caused when traffic slows down abruptly due to

road conditions.

• The information given to the driver when the vehicles come closer either from front or back

is conveyed through AWS which helps in preventing road crashes.

5.4Vehicle Information and Communication System


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• In this system, the drivers are provided with real time information on the traffic conditions

• They update all the road users about the traffic conditions and other information like

congestion, jams, roadblocks, pollution levels etc.

• The information is given via FM band or through road maps quickly showing the traffic conditions in surrounding areas. The driver can use this information to select the best route by using in vehicle monitor

Chapter 6

ITS in India 6.1 ITS IN INDIA

In India 70 State Transport Undertakings which together own and operate 1,13,000

Buses and, provide mobility to 65 million passengers a day, across the length and

Breadth of the country. APTS technologies along with Fleet Management Systems

can make use, to achieve sustainable and environmental friendly transportation for

the 21stCentury. In addition to the above technologies, institutional and market

factors also play an important role in successful ITS deployment for enhanced

safety, mitigation of environmental impacts of transportation systems, enhanced

energy performance, and improved productivity.

ITS has been proved to be the optimal solution to the enigma of building and

operating transportation systems to meet expeditiously growing urban travel demand in

developed countries.

The most important task of ITS India will be the dissemination of ITS knowledge and

imparting training for new professionals. ITS India would be able to bring the ITS

expertise in the public and private sectors and academia under one umbrella. Taking into

account the political, economic and linguistic differences in India from one region to

another, the ministry of Surface Transportation may have to take the lead in establishing

such an organization. In the Indian context, a professional body of this nature would be

expected to consist of regional units in each state with a coordinating central body.

In 1980’s, number of developed countries started using advanced systems to control and

regulate the traffic, accident prevention, parking , toll collections,

Signalization and other vital tasks. This is still to develop in India to suit our local

ambience. Also the problems faced by us are different than those in developed countries.


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The very first equipment to be used in Indian environment was electronic toll collection

along the newly created expressways viz., Delhi-Noida, Ahmedabad-Mehasana, Mumbai-

pune, expressways which is functioning satisfactorily.

What we need for the present day in India is to save the lives of innocent people from

onslaught of accidents, which is termed as “murder on wheels”. This is because every year

more than rupees 7000 crores are being spent as compensation from authorities. Using

ITS, it is possible to save the lives of the victims by transferring them to trauma care

centers within the golden hour. Almost, more than 1% of GDP is just paid as

compensation. In developed countries, a portion of this type of amount is spent in advance

to improve road, traffic and other related conditions to prevent accidents beforehand,

which are termed as “import cost”. In India, accidents are allowed to take place and

compensation is paid later which amounts to a greater magnitude, which is termed as

“export cost”. In this direction, number of technically advanced systems is available in the

developed countries, whereas this is always a question mark in developing countries

particularly in India.

What is needed in the present context is the mindset of policy and decision makers to use

for Indian highways and problematic locations of urban areas. What ultimately is expected

is co-operation from end user and the adaptation to the new system.

6.2CONCLUSION

The potential of ITS technologies in improving the efficiency of transportation sector in

India appears to be very promising based on the experience of other countries. It is

understood that a national strategic ITS plan for India is needed for the effective

development and deployment of ITS initiatives in India. A broad framework of such a

plan is presented here to generate a discussion on the topic among transportation

professionals and policy makers in India. The importance of professional cooperation in

the area of ITS between the public and private sectors and the academia is also identified

and a preliminary organizational set-up towards this end is presented in the form of ITS

India.

In India many infrastructural projects are under construction and some are still in planning

stage. Some of the ITS technologies like AWS, ETC, fleet management, incident

management can be applied to achieve an efficient transport system. Public transport that

is almost monopolized in Indian cities can utilize ITS based technologies for their

effective operation. Since ITS technology is as old 20 years in the world, India will have


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to pick up this for its updating and on par with developed countries in modern

transportation requirements.


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Chapter 7

PREAMBLE

General

Mumbai is growing exponentially in terms of population as well as employment

opportunities. According to regional plan of Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) ,

population of MMR is expected to reach 22 millions in the year 2011 from 17 millions

2001.In Mumbai decadal population growth rate observed in suburbs varies from 110% in

1961-71 to 19% in 1991-2001.Population in Mumbai has reached 11.9 million in 2001 and

is expected to touch 14 million mark by 2016

The road network in Mumbai is developed in north-south direction. Traffic from north

through NH -8(Ahmadabad –Mumbai),north-east through NH 3 (Indore-Nasik-Mumbai)

and from east through NH 4 and Mumbai Pune expressway and NH 17(Mumbai-Goa)

entry/exit at the outskirts of the city and get connected to city road network. There are 3

main express highways viz (1)western express highway (WEH),(2)Eastern Expressway

Highway(EEH) and (3) Sion Panvel Express highway. Besides this there are 7 arterials viz

(1) Linking Road,(2) Swami Vivekanad Road(SV) (3) Lal Bahadur Shahstri

Marg(LBS),(4) Dr. Ambedkar Road(5) Veer Savarkar Road(6)Dr.Annie Besant

Road(7)P.D’Mello road running in north-south direction.

There are 5 arterial roads planned to provide east-west connectivity in the suburbs of

Mumbai, these are:

1) Sion- Dharavi Mahim Link Road (existing)

2) Santacruz- Chembur link Road (partly developed)

3) Andheri- Ghatkopar Link Road (partly developed)

4) Jogeshwari- Vikroli Link Road (partly developed)

5) Goregaon –Mulund Link Road(partly existing)


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Out of these, Jogeshwari - Vikroli Link is being upgraded to six lane divided carriage way with service roads on either side and Santacruz – Chembur Link is being developed to six

lane road with service road on either side with ROBs across central railways (main line and harbor line) under World Bank Funded, MUTP programme. Construction of Goregaon-Mulund link is stalled as its alignment passes through reserved forest land and

no development zone.

7.1 Traffic Related Problems

Some of the major traffic related problems in greater Mumbai are highlighted below

Though, MSRDC has recently constructed number of fly over on the major arterial

roads like Eastern Express highway, western express highway and Sion Panvel

highway, there is a need to construct grade separators at critical junction on other

arterial roads.

The access to the domestic and international airport terminals from different areas

is not good. Also the road connections between domestic and International Airport

Terminal is very narrow and congested and needs immediate improvement

There are a very few ROBs hampering the efficient east west connectivity. Many

of the locations need ROBs on western and central railway to facilitate easy

accessibility and relived pressure on north-south corridors. Also some of the

existing ROBs need to be widened to cope up with the increasing traffic.

Some east- west connection link roads need capacity augmentation

The productivity of BEST bus system is reduced indicating the need for

improvement through bus priority lanes and bus corridors

The terminal facilities for intra-city and inter-city bus system are not adequate.

There is very poor connectivity to the Bandra Terminal and LT terminals (Kurla)

which needs immediate improvement. Also the traffic dispersal system over the

railway terminal, viz. Mumbai Central ,CST and Dadar needs improvement.

It is necessary to provide more pedestal grade separators in greater Mumbai , to

improve the safety

The access roads to the suburban railway station are in very poor condition. Also

the traffic dispersion system in many of the stations need to be improved.

7.2 Benefits of Eastern Freeway


Page 28

Port Traffic

Direct high speed unrestricted link.

Distance saving of about 4.5 km avoiding heavily traffic corridor.

Faster movements & lower operating costs.

Better port efficiency & competitiveness.

Facilitate cargo growth and expanding container facilities.

Designed for heavy multi axle vehicular traffic.


Page 29

7.3 Glance at Freeway


Page 30

Chapter 8

Mumbai Eastern Freeway Entry & Exit

Mumbai’s Eastern Freeway is from Ghatkopar in the North to P D’Mello Road and

Museum/Fort in South Mumbai. Eastern Freeway has NO TRAFFIC SIGNALS and

bypasses 28 signals.

NOTE: Only Cars, SUVs and Buses are allowed on the Eastern Freeway. Scooters,

Motorcycles, Bikes, Autos, 3-wheelers and multi-axle vehicles are NOT ALLOWED on

the Eastern Freeway.

Entry and Exit Points on Mumbai’s Eastern Freeway

(Detailed Google

Map of Eastern Freeway)

Eastern Freeway is divided into 3 main section

Ghatkopar to Panjarpol (Chembur) Link Road: Elevated 4 lane Bridge from Indian

Oil Nagar on Ghatkopar Mankhurd Link Road to Panjarpol (Shivaji Chowk Circle in

Chembur) crossing Ashok Nagar, Gautam Nagar, Deonar Abattoir. Distance = 2.5 km

1. Anik to Panjarpol (Shivaji Chowk, Chembur) Link Road (APLR): 8 lane concrete

road along the ground from Panjarpol at Chembur’s Shivaji Chowk to Anik (near

Wadala, Antop Hill), via BARC hill (2 tunnels) to. Distance = 5.0 km.

2. P D’Mello Road to Anik (near Wadala): Elevated 4 lane Bridge from Anik (near

Wadala, Antop Hill) to P D Mello Road outside Princess Dock (“Orange Gate” near

http://wonderfulmumbai.com/mumbai-eastern-freeway-map-route-and-location/

http://wonderfulmumbai.com/mumbai-eastern-freeway-map-route-and-location/#map

http://wonderfulmumbai.com/mumbai-eastern-freeway-map-route-and-location/#map


Page 31

Wadi Bunder and S V Patel Road). This is the SECOND LONGEST BRIDGE IN

INDIA. Distance = 9.3 km.

Sr.No.

Eastern Freeway Entry/Exit Type of

ramp Places Covered by Eastern Freeway

1 Orange Gate (Princess Dock)

near P D Mello Road

ENTRY

and EXIT

SOUTH MUMBAI: Carnac Bunder, Wadi Bunder,

Dockyard Road, Mazgaon, Byculla,

Masjid Bunder, Fort, VT, Colaba, Nariman

Point, Churchgate.

2 ONLY EXIT on Port Road near

Nawab Tank & Dockyard Road

(opp Hospital Lane).

ONLY

EXIT

EXIT POINT for South and Central

Mumbai areas of Sewri,

Mazgaon, Byculla, Sandhurst Road, Raey Road,

Dockyard Road, Darukhana, Tadwadi, Madanpura,

Mumbai Central, Tardeo,

3 ONLY ENTRY at Reay Road,

near Port Road and Mahul

Road.

ONLY

ENTRY

ENTRY POINT FOR CENTRAL MUMBAI:

Raey Road, Hay Bunder, Darukhana,

Byculla, Thakkar Estate, Agripada, Jacob

Circle, Mahalaxmi, Worli,

Chinchpokli. THESE AREAS WILL BE

BETTER SERVICED BY PORT ROAD

RAMP (operational in Dec, 2013): Sewri,

Lalbaug, Parel, Lower Parel, Currey Road,

Dadar, Mahim, Matunga

4 Sewri Station. Entry from Sewri

Nursing Home and Exit on

Mahul Road (Port Road). [From

Dec, 2013].

ENTRY

and EXIT

CENTRAL MUMBAI: Sewri, Bhoiwada,

Tilak Nagar, Lalbaug, Parel, Lower Parel,

Currey Road, Elhpinstone Road, Worli,

Prabhadevi, Dadar, Bandra-Worli Sea

Link. THESE AREAS WILL BE BETTER

SERVICED BY BHAKTI PARK


Page 32

RAMP (operational in Dec, 2013): Mahim,

Matunga, Wadala, Parsi Colony, King

Circle

Sr.

No. Eastern Freeway Entry/Exit

Type of

ramp Places Covered by Eastern Freeway

5

BhaktiPark (Anik, Wadala). Exit

and Entry on Sewri – Chembur Road. [From Dec, 2013].

ENTRY and EXIT

CENTRAL & EASTERN MUMBAI: Anik, Bhakti Park, Wadala, Dadar, Hindu Colony, Parsi Colony, Matunga, King Circle, Sion,

Chunabhatti, Kurla, Guru TegBhadur, Bandra-Worli Sea Link,

Mahim, Bandra, Bandra-Kurla Complex,

Khar, Mahul,

6 Mysore Colony and RCF Juction

ENTRY

and EXIT

CENTRAL & EASTERN MUMBAI: Mysore Colony, Chembur, RC Marg, RCF, Suman

Nagar, Chunabhatti, Trombay, BARC,

BPCL, Tata Power, HPCL,

7 Shivaji Chowk, Panjarpol ENTRY and EXIT

CENTRAL, EASTERN & NAVI MUMBAI: Chembur, RK Studio, Kurla, Milan Ng,

Govandi, Mankhurd, Ambedkar Ng, BARC,

Trombay, BPCL, Tata Power, HPCL, Anushakti Ng. THESE AREAS WILL BE BETTER SERVICED BY GHATKOPAR-

MANKHURD & GOVANDI RAMPS (operational in Dec, 2013): Deonar, Eastern Express Highway,

Chedda Ng, Kamraj Ng, Kurla, LokmanyaTilak Terminus, Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC), Santacruz, Vile Parle,

Airport, Andheri, Saki Naka, Airport, Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Powai, Bhandup,

Mulund, Thane, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Pune

8 Govandi. [From Dec, 2013].

ENTRY

and EXIT

EASTERN MUMBAI: Govandi, Deonar, Bhim Ng, Gautum Ng, Chembur Station

9 Ghatkopar – Mankhurd Link Road. [From Dec, 2013].

ENTRY and

EXIT

CENTRAL, EASTERN & NAVI MUMBAI: Eastern Express Highway (1 Km), Chedda

Ng, Kamraj Ng, Kurla, LokmanyaTilak Terminus, Bandra-Kurla Complex (BKC), Santacruz, Vile Parle, Airport, Andheri,

Saki Naka, Airport, Ghatkopar, Vikhroli, Powai, Bhandup, Mulund, Thane, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Panvel, Khapoli, Lonavala,

Pune


Page 33

Chapter 9

Detailed Route of Eastern Freeway Road in Mumbai

Ghatkopar to Panjarpol Link Road On Eastern Freeway

This segment of the Eastern Freeway will become operational in December, 2013.

The Entry / Exit point of Eastern Freeway is near Indian Oil Nagar (Jijibhai Bhosale

Marg) on the Ghatkopar – Mankhurd Link Road. This Start/End of the Eastern

Freeway is only 1 Km away from the Eastern Express Highway at Ghatkopar.

From Ghatkopar a new 4 lane Eastern Freeway bridge passes Gautam Nagar and

Ashok Nagar. The bridge Ends/Starts at Pranjol at the Shivaji Chowk in Chembur.

Other entry/exit ramps are at Govandi and Panjarpol.

Total Distance = 2.5 km


Page 34

Anik Panjarpol Link Road (APLR) On Eastern Freeway

A new 8 lane Eastern Freeway concrete road is built from Shivaji Chowk (Panjar Pol)

circle in Chembur to Anik near Wadala. Route of APLR Starts / Ends at Panjarpol at

Shivaji Chowk circle in Chembur, passes Tata Power Colony, passes 2 tunnels near

BARC, passes between RCF and Bharat Petroleum and Ends / Starts at Anik (near

Antop Hill, Wadala).

This new road is along the ground. There are two 505 meter tunnels which pass

through the hills near BARC. Both these tunnels have 4 lane concrete roads passing

through.

Exit and entry points are at Anik (Bhakti Park), Mysore Colony and Shivaji Chowk,

Chembur (Panjarpol, R K Studios).



Page 35

Anik to P D’Mello Road on Eastern Freeway

Starting / Ending at Anik near Wadala and Antop Hill, this section of the Eastern Freeway

starts with a 0.7km bridge over Salt pans until MbPT Pipe Line Gate. From Pipeline Gate

a new 4 lane Elevated Bridge (2nd longest in urban India) passes along Antop Hill,

Wadala, Sewri, Raey Road, Dockyard Road, Mazgaon Dock, Mazgaon, and Wadi Bunder.

The Exit/Entry point of the Eastern Freeway Bridge is Orange Gate (Princess Dock) on P

D Mello Road.

There is an Entry ramp at Reay Road, an Exit ramp at Mumbai Port Road (near Nawab

Tank Road) and an entry + exit ramp near Sewri Railway Station.

Large part of the 4 lane bridge is built over Mahul Road, which is the primary feeder

road to Mumbai’s ports.



Page 36

Eastern Freeway from P D’Mello Road to VT, Fort and Museum

From P D Mello to travel to VT/CST, Fort and Museum (Regal), continue along the

straight P D’Mello Road. This is the road that runs parallel to the JJ Flyover and is

behind CT/CST station. This road crosses Carnac Bunder and Frere Road and ends

near the GPO and CST/VT Station (Back side).

Continue straight along the Shahid Bhagat Singh Road up to Museum, crossing Mint,

RBI, Asiatic Society (Town Hall) on the way.


Page 37


Page 38

Chapter 10

Traffic Analysis: Traffic Count Surveys

The Average Daily Traffic (ADT) in terms of passenger and freight vehicular traffic on

Rafi Ahmed KidwaiMarg ,wadala Truck Terminal Road and Messant Road were

presented in tables respectively.The details of goods vehicles movement to/from MbPT

Gates were present in Table. From Table it can be observed that on average day about

2636 freight vehicles enter/leave Mumbai Port .

Table: Average Daily Traffic On Ahmed Kidwai Marg

Direction Pass. (Veh.)

Goods (Vech.)

Total (Veh.)

Pass. Veh. (PCUs)

Goods Veh. (PCUs)

Total

Towars Port 9450 5829 15279 8541 15278 23818

Away From Port

10866 5681 16547 9897 15065 24962

Total 20316 11510 31826 18438 30343 48780

Table: Average Daily Traffic Wadala Truck Terminal Road

Direction Pass.

(Veh.)

Goods

(Vech.)

Total

(Veh.)

Pass.

Veh. (PCUs)

Goods

Veh. (PCUs)

Total

Towars Port 6297 3713 10009 5510 11943 17453

Away From

Port

4765 4732 9498 4219 15273 19492

Total 11062 8445 19507 9829 27216 36945


Page 39

Table: Average Daily Traffic OnMessant Road

Direction Pass.

(Veh.)

Goods

(Vech.)

Total

(Veh.)

Pass.

Veh. (PCUs)

Goods

Veh. (PCUs)

Total

Towars Port 5915 2577 8492 6053 7788 13840

Away From

Port

3648 1584 5232 3706 4782 8488

Total 9563 4162 13725 9759 12570 22329

Table: Gods Vehicles Movement to/from MbPT Gates

Description

Trucks Tractor/Trailers

LCV 2-

Axle

3-

Rigid

Multi

Axie

Tractor Tractor/Trailers Total

Orange Gate

In 66 154 223 430 10 14 897

Out 29 143 241 407 6 20 846

Total 95 297 464 837 16 34 1743

Red Gate

In 30 191 52 37 0 0 310

Out 18 58 43 64 1 0 184

Total 48 249 95 101 1 1 494

Yellow Gate

In 18 84 93 1 0 0 197

Out 8 164 23 6 0 0 202

Total 26 248 116 7 0 0 399

All Gate

In 114 429 368 468 10 15 1404

Out 55 365 307 477 7 20 1233

Total 169 794 675 645 17 35 2636

Traffic composition observed on R.A.Kidwai Marg, Wadala Truck Terminal Road and

Massant Road were presented in Figures respectively.


Page 40

Project Peak Hour Traffic on Eastern Freeway (in PCU)

Sec.

Name 2008 2011 2021

1 Museum-GPO-Carnac

Bunder

2892 3087 3837

2 Carnac Bunder-Wadi Bunder

2783 2971 3693

3 Wadi Bunder-Victoria

Bridge

4528 4833 6008

4 Victoria Bridge-Sewri 5140 5487 6821

5 Sewri-Anik 2640 2818 3503

6 Anik-Panjarpol Junction 3402 3631 4514

7 Panjarpol Junction 2805 2994 3722


Page 41

Chapter 11

Application of Intelligent Transportation System on Eastern

Freeway.

Mumbai is “City of Dreams” for all because of its infrastructure, employment

opportunities and lifestyle which draws more and more population which result in

increased number of vehicle. Many ambitious project had been undertaken by government

to reduce congestion by constructing bridges, new road, flyovers etc. from all projects one

of the best project is Eastern Freeway which connects Eastern Express Highway to CST

near Dockyard. Eastern Freeway reduces the travel time from 1hr30min to 15min which

is fantastic and mind-blowing which reduces congestion near many places that used to

occur due to heavy vehicle.

In spite of such incredible project, safety is major concern. Every year many people lose

their life due to accident thereby reducing GDP by about 3% . Road accidents may be

continued on eastern freeway due to high speed, lack of immediate response and warning

system and less information to road user about road condition. To provide safety by

regulating speed, giving immediate response to accidents and providing necessary

warnings through Intelligent transport system is the best tool. We student of K.J.Somaiya

polytechnic had tried our level best and suggest some of the system which can be applied

on freeway to make it more and more safer which are as follows.REG


Page 42

11.1 High Speed Cameras

These are high tech speed cameras equipped with

infrared system. These cameras capture colored

image of a car or any vehicle crossing the speed

limits and send these picture with data which

include speed of vehicle,location with date and time

and all precise data to the control within seconds

and necessary action can be taken by authority.

There are night vision cameras which

keep watch on roads during night also

High speed camera with

infrared imaging

They also can keep watch on criminal activities

like stealing of crash barrier, pedestrian

detection or any illegal activities.

Recently there was news in Mumbai Mirror that

thieves stole the crash barriers weighing 20 to

25 kg each and sold in the black market.

A gang of thieves were stealing short metal

pillars that support crash barriers on eastern freeway, increasing the risk of major accident

on the 17km signal free stretch. The thieves particularly target the pillars on the elevated

section of freeway between Sewri and wadala. If strict watch is not kept then tomorrow

thieves will start stealing sign boards, lamp post etc. By installing these cameras we can

not only keep watch on speeding vehicle but also eradicate this type of criminal activities.


Page 43

Date March 14th, 2014.

Mumbai Mirror


Page 44

Case study done on high speed cameras which were installed on

southeast Delhi’s Dwarka sub city and Indira Gandhi international

airport.

Delhi's first high speed camera catches 600 cars breaching the limit during trial run

A strategically placed camera has zoomed in on the primary cause of the numerous

gruesome late-night crashes that have, of late, left the Capital's roads blood splattered

accelerator-happy motorists who don't think twice before sending their speedometer

needles shooting past the 100-kmph mark.

The results from the first speed-monitoring camera, installed by the Delhi Traffic Police as

part of a trial run on an open stretch between the new tunnel road near the turning that

leads to southwest Delhi's Dwarka sub-city and Indira Gandhi International Airport on

Monday, revealed that more than 600 vehicles had violated the speed limit within just four

hours. What's worse, many were found zipping at dangerous speeds of more than double

the 55-kmph limit.

No wonder the traffic police want to book offenders found breaching the 90-kmph mark

under the dangerous driving section that can land such drivers behind bars for six months

and make them cough up a penalty of Rs.1, 000. The current fine for speeding in Delhi is

Rs.400.

The Capital's roads have witnessed high-profile accidents with unerring regularity over the

last few weeks, from February's Lamborghini crash that snuffed out the life of a real estate

scion to the fatal accident that killed actor Fardeen Khan's relative. All these incidents

took place late at night.

The police's new initiative has been taken to spotlight such zipzap-doom cases.

"There is a general tendency among drivers to step on the gas during the night when

vehicular movement on the roads is at its minimum. But this trend is an open invitation to

mishaps. In view of this, we thought of installing cameras which can work even during the

late hours," joint commissioner of Delhi Traffic Police Satyendra Garg revealed.

Garg said the monitoring devices would soon be installed across the city in an effort to

keep tabs on the Capital's rogue drivers who unleashed their desire to push the pedal to the

floor at night. "(The camera) captured the picture of the vehicles crossing the stretch,

identifying the registration numbers and recording the date, time as well as speed at which

they were moving," the joint commissioner disclosed.

He said the gizmo would enable the police to nab those exceeding the speed limits. This

would end in potential jail sentences for the offenders if they are booked under the

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-lamborghini-accident-anukool-rishi/1/174362.html

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/cleaner-takes-boss-car-for-ride-kills-2-joggers/1/174584.html


Page 45

dangerous driving rules. "Driving at a speed of 100 kmph or more is certainly dangerous,"

Garg pointed out.

Dangerous driving comes in the ambit of Section 184 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.

Under this, the extent of punishment is decided in court. It could go up to Rs.1,000 in fine

or a maximum jail term of six months or both.

The traffic police decide whether provisions of this section need to be enforced on

offenders, based on the extent of deviation from rules. Usually, if offenders are caught

driving at speeds that are at least 20 kmph higher than the permitted limit, they are

prosecuted under this section. It is also used if swerving while driving or jumping a red

light leads to an accident.

Conclusion

These cameras should be installed on elevated portion of eastern freeway and near the

refineries and in tunnel and entries provided in freeway. Since it is a freeway and major

portion of road is elevated and if there is any accident or stealing activity we can keep

watch and we can take necessary actions.


Page 46

11.2 Warning Systems

Image showing the working of digital sign board

These are digital variable

message sign boards. These

boards are updated with

regular interval of time

according to further road

condition. Working of this

board is simple. If any

accident or activity happens

on freeway or highway, then

pictures are taken by cameras

and are send to control room

and from there they display the

warning on this board which

are installed on entries of freeway or near tunnels.

This board can also be used further for displaying road condition or weather condition or

any statutory warning.


Page 47

Effective lighting also plays an

important role. Providing yellow

lights on the shoulders, keep

driver attentive as bad lighting is

also one of the problem for

accidents in tunnels.

Conclusion

This system should be installed on entry, exit, outside and inside of tunnel of freeway and

somewhere near middle portion of freeway.


Page 48

11.3 Incident management

This is one of the important system which

becomes active after any accident or during any

natural calamities.

Photo on the right side is emergency call known

as “SOS”. If in any case there is an accident this

phone gets activated and road user can directly

call the ambulance or police as early as possible.

These types of phone are placed inside the tunnel

and on a large elevated portion of road. These are

directly wired to only rescue department, so if we

don’t know the number we can directly call by

simply pressing the button. SOS

Advantage of this system is that response time is reduced. Normally after accident time

taken by response team to reach near the

spot is more and this gap of time is

important because more the delay more

lives are lost.

Cameras which are installed on road at

particular distance also spot the stop

vehicle or accident and it send the photo

with required data to control room and

control room displays warning note on

variable sign board which informs the road

user about further road condition within

minutes. Then control room informs the

response team also.

Immediate response team should be mentally and physically active and they should be

given training in various rescue operations. On the right side there is a photo of a typical

rescue vehicle used in Japan.


Page 49

This is one of the important device which

is fitted on the entries so we can keep

watch on number of vehicle entering into

the road. This system also specifies the

type of vehicle entering the road like it

can identify whether it is a bus, car or

motorcycle. With this we can find out how

many vehicles are using this road. We can

also keep watch whether vehicle is using

proper lane or not

Conclusion

SOS can be installed on elevated portion near refineries or curve and inside the tunnel on

eastern freeway.

Immediate response team should be such that, they will be at the accident site within

10min from the time they get a call from SOS.


Page 50

11.4 Smart Roads (Dynamic Paints)

Weather conditions are highly related to road safety. There are a lot of different weather

applications in which Wireless Sensor Networks can improve safety in our roads. Weather

stations or remote sensors to measure temperature, humidity and other similar parameters

are already being used in highways to make them Smart Roads. But why not extend it at a

higher level? As an example, the Madrid city government has recently installed a series of

temperature sensors buried under the road surface to monitor the appearance of ice plates in

real time.

Furthermore, other real time applications are being developed and carried out using wireless

sensors, such as monitoring water levels on viaducts, creating noise maps in roads close to

cities or even monitoring traffic congestion. Fortunately, the use of Smart Roads technology

has only just begun. Do you want to know what´s next?

Future Smart Roads applications are about to come to our lives, and most of them will

improve our quality of life. According to Logan Ward in Popular Mechanics, American

drivers log nearly twice as many kilometers as they did 25 years ago on roads that have

increased in capacity by only 5 percent. The annual costs of traffic congestion keep rising,

resulting in 3.7 billion hours of driver delays and 8.7 billion liters of wasted fuel. Can you

imagine a smart road that is able to warn you of an alternative route to avoid traffic

congestion a few kilometers away?

Road traffic fatalities are one of the most important causes of death globally. According to

the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 150,000 people will be killed on the

roads by 2020, since cars will be more present in developing countries, increasing the

number of vehicles on the world´s roads up to 2 billion.

Weather conditions affect road safety—therefore, the use of sensors and smart

applications could reduce the number of road accidents. Smart Roads could take

advantage of solar energy for power, clearing city streets of ice and snow by simply

melting it away. Furthermore, temperature-responsive dynamicpaint could be used to

make ice crystals visible to drivers when cold weather makes road surfaces slippery.

http://www.elburoinformativo.es/sensores-de-pavimento-en-carreteras-para-evitar-la-formacion-de-placas-de-hielo-madrid.html

http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/alternative-fuel/news/2862586

http://edition.cnn.com/2011/TECH/innovation/01/19/smart.roads/index.html


Page 51

Smart Lighting could also be applied to Smart Roads by fitting the roads with power-

saving lights that gradually brighten as vehicles approach then switch themselves off after

they pass. In fact, a photo-luminescent paint for road markings is about to be used in the

Netherlands. This paint would charge during the day to illuminate the tarmac for up to 10

hours overnight.

The Smart Highway by Studio

Roosegaarde and infrastructure

management group

Heijmans won BestFuture

Concept at the Dutch Design

Awards, and has already gone

beyond pure concept. The studio

has developed a photo-luminising

powder that will replace road

markings -- it charges up in

sunlight, giving it up to ten hours

of glow-in-the-dark time come

nightfall.

Special paint will also be used

to paint markers like

snowflakes across the road's

surface -- when temperatures

fall to a certain point, these

images will become visible,

indicating that the surface will

likely be slippery. Roosegaarde

says this technology has been

around for years, on things like

baby food.

Conclusion

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2224758/Smart-roads-built-light-day-charge-electric-car-introduced-Netherlands-year.html

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2224758/Smart-roads-built-light-day-charge-electric-car-introduced-Netherlands-year.html

http://www.studioroosegaarde.net/info/

http://www.studioroosegaarde.net/info/

http://www.heijmans.nl/


Page 52

These type of paints can be used not only on eastern freeway but also on any highway in

India. This will save the electricity required for lamps ,will be attractive and will also keep

driver active.

Photo Gallery


Page 53

Twin

Tunnel at

Anik-

Panjrapol


Page 54

Elevated Portion of Freeway

Entry to Freeway From Reay Road Entry


Page 55

End of Freeway at P’D Mello road, CST.

Entry to Freeway

From Chembur

Near Shivaji Chowk


Page 56

Exit Ramp for Trucks to Refineries (Under Construction)

Exit provided for drivers near Wadala


Page 57

Entry to Freeway from Wadala (Under Construction)

Exit for Orange Gate


Page 58

Start of Freeway at Ghatkopar near Indian Oil nagar (under

Construction)


Page 59

Four lane Elevated Bridge

CONCLUSION

The potential of Intelligent Transport System ( ITS ) technologies in improving the efficiency of transportation sector in India appears to be very promising based on the experience of other countries. A national strategic ITS plan for India is much needed for

the effective development

Some of the ITS technology like Automated Highway System, Fleet Management System, Traveler Information System, Advance Warning System, and DYNAC software for planning will effectively help in monitoring and controlling traffic congestion and

minimize the accidents rates.

By applying the above technologies on Eastern Express Freeway, benefits such as reduce

in travel time, less fuel consumption, low accidents rates and hence economic productivity.

ITS technology is 20 years old in the world still in India all the technologies related to this has not been implemented. Once this is done we can be at par with the developed

countries. We are already in the path of this progress . but we need to speed up to be with the pace of technology.


Page 60

References

Mumbai city development plan 2005-2025

Document from transportation engineering Division, Department of civil engineering,

IIT Madras.

Report by Mohammad Imtiyaz. M. A., M. tech in highway Engineering.

MMRDA, Booklet on traffic survey conducted in 2003.

Web References

www.Transdyn.com

www.mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in

www.itsindia.org

www.infrastructure.gov.au/transport/its/its_use.aspx

http://www.transdyn.com/

http://www.mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/

http://www.itsindia.org/

http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/transport/its/its_use.aspx


Page 61