Conceptual design for water supply system

WATER SUPPLY PROJECT- VAVOL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel immense pleasure in expressing our propounded regards and deep sense of gratitude

to our PROJECT- I faculty Prof. Devanshu Pandit , for his constructive criticism, constant

encouragements and especially for creating in us the spirit of independent thinking. His keen

interest and untiring assistance enabled us to complete this project…

We would also like to thank Mr. M.K. Maheshwari from G.W.S.S.B and Mr.Sneha lMakwana

from WASMO for their guidance and support, and also Mr. B. U. Thakur, Talati of Vavol for

providing all the required information. We are very grateful to Mr. Rakesh Patel (Ex Deputy

Sarpanch) for sharing us his experiences of working in the village and understanding the real

needs of the people and the problems.

We are very grateful to Mr.Rohit Patel who has helped us with the technical aspects of the

design and also develop the insight in practical aspects of designing such systems.

Last but not the least we would like to thank our friends and family for their unfailing support

and encouragement.

Page 1 Group – 6 SBST, CEPT UNIVERSITY.


Table of Contents1-SELECTION OF VILLAGE.......................................................................................................10

1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY:............................................................................................................................10

1.2 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:......................................................................................................10

1.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY:....................................................................................................................10

1.4 SCENARIO IN GUJARAT....................................................................................................................11

1.5 SELECTION PROCESS........................................................................................................................12

1.5.1 REASONS FOR SELECTING GANDHINAGAR DISTRICT................................................................12

TDS CONTENT........................................................................................................................................13

1.5.2 SELECTION OF GANDHINAGAR TALUKA....................................................................................14

1.6 SELECTION OF VAVOL VILLAGE........................................................................................................15

1.6.1 POPULATION GROWTH.............................................................................................................16

1.6.3 DETAILS OF THE SHORLISTED VILLAGES....................................................................................16

1.6.4 DETAILS OF THE SHORLISTED VILLAGES (cont.)........................................................................17

1.7 FINAL SELECTION.............................................................................................................................18

2-VILLAGE PROFILE................................................................................................................20

2.1 LOCATION........................................................................................................................................20

2.2 HISTORY OF VILLAGE........................................................................................................................23

2.3 TOPOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................23

2.4 GEOLOGICAL AND GEO-HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS....................................................................24

2.5 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL..................................................................................................................26

2.6 AGRICULTURE..................................................................................................................................26

2.7 DEMOGRAPHIC................................................................................................................................27

2.8 LAND USE PATTERN.........................................................................................................................28

2.9 SERVICES..........................................................................................................................................30

2.9.1 Water Supply............................................................................................................................30

2.9.2 Electricity..................................................................................................................................30

2.9.3 Drainage and Sewerage............................................................................................................30

2.9.4 Internal Roads...........................................................................................................................31

2.9.5 Other Amenities........................................................................................................................32

2.10 GRAM PANCHAYAT AND OTHER BODIES.......................................................................................32



2.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS...............................................................................................................33

3-WATER SUPPLY PROFILE.....................................................................................................36

3.1OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................................36

3.2 SOURCE OF WATER..........................................................................................................................36

3.3 STORAGE OF WATER........................................................................................................................39

3.4 TREATMENT OF WATER...................................................................................................................40

3.5 DISTRIBUTION..................................................................................................................................40

3.6 AGE OF EACH COMPONENT.............................................................................................................42

3.7 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE....................................................................................................42

3.7.1EMPLOYED PEOPLE:...................................................................................................................42

3.7.2MAINTENANCE CHARGES:.........................................................................................................42

3.8 FINANCES.........................................................................................................................................43

3.9 OTHER ISSUES:.................................................................................................................................43

4 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY..........................................................................................................45

4.1.1INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................45

4.1.1.1 WHAT IS A HOUSEHOLD SURVEY...........................................................................................45

4.1.1.2 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY CARRIED OUT AT VAVOL.....................................................................45

4.1.2 OBJECTIVE.....................................................................................................................................45

4.1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF SURVEY...........................................................................................46

4.1.4 SAMPLING SIZE:............................................................................................................................46

4.1.5 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE:...................................................................................................46

4. 2 ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................................................49

4.2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................49

2.1.4 NO. OF FAMILIES WITH DOMESTICATED ANIMALS...................................................................53

4.2.2 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...............................................................................................55

4.2.2.1 SOURCE OF WATER AND TYPE OF CONNECTION...................................................................55

4.2.2.2 TIME FOR WATER SUPPLY......................................................................................................56

4.2.2.3 MAXIMUM WATER USAGE....................................................................................................56

2.2.4 NUMBER OF HOUSES WITH TANKS...........................................................................................57

4.2.2.5 RAINWATER HARVESTING......................................................................................................58

4.2.2.6 IN TIMES OF NO SUPPLY OF WATER......................................................................................59



4.2.2.7 WATER TAX PAID...................................................................................................................60

4.2.3 SATISFACTION...............................................................................................................................61

4.2.3.1 TIME OF WATER SUPPLY........................................................................................................61

4.2.3.1 QUALITY OF WATER...............................................................................................................62

4.2.3.2 PRESSURE OF WATER.............................................................................................................63

4.3 CONCLUSION:..................................................................................................................................63

5-STAKE HOLDER SURVEY......................................................................................................65

5.1: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................65

5.1.1 Who is a Stakeholder?..............................................................................................................65

5.1.2 What is a Stakeholder Survey?.................................................................................................65

5.2: STAKEHOLDERS’ SURVEY FOR VAVOL.............................................................................................66

5.2.1 Objective of the Stakeholder Survey.........................................................................................66

5.2.2 Methodology............................................................................................................................66

5.2.3 IDENTIFYING THE STAKEHOLDERS............................................................................................67

5.3: OBSERVATIONS OF THE SURVEY.....................................................................................................68

5.3.1 VILLAGE AS A WHOLE...............................................................................................................68

5.3.2 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM...........................................................................................68

5.3.3 OTHER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS.........................................................................................70

5.4 MEETING BETWEEN WASMO OFFICIAL AND VILLAGE STAKEHOLDERS...........................................71

5.4.1 Source.......................................................................................................................................72

5.4.2 Treatment.................................................................................................................................72

5.4.3 Storage......................................................................................................................................72

5.4.4 Distribution...............................................................................................................................73

5.4.5 Sector Reform Yojna and Taxes................................................................................................73

6- GAP ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................75

6.1.1 Need for New System...................................................................................................................75

6.1.2 Design Period for the New System...............................................................................................75

6.1.3 POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND............................................................................................76

6.1.3.1 POPULATION..........................................................................................................................76

(a) Arithmetical Progression Method.................................................................................................76

6.1.4 WATER DEMAND..........................................................................................................................79



6.1.5 STORAGE.......................................................................................................................................80

6.1.5.1DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM...............................................................................................................81

6.1.6 QUALITY........................................................................................................................................82

6.1.7 PRESSURE.....................................................................................................................................84

6.1.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM..............................................................................................86

6.1.9 DRAINAGE.....................................................................................................................................86

6.1.10 FINANCES....................................................................................................................................86

6.1.11 MISCELLANEOUS.........................................................................................................................87

7- PROPOSED DESIGN............................................................................................................89

7.1 REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW SYSTEM............................................................................................89

7.2 ZONING............................................................................................................................................89

7.2.1CURRENT ZONING......................................................................................................................89

7.2.2PROPOSED ZONING...................................................................................................................89

7.3 SOURCE OF WATER..........................................................................................................................91

7.4 STORAGE..........................................................................................................................................91

7.5 PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK..............................................................................................92

7.5.1 PIPES FOR HGLR, SUMP TO ESR................................................................................................94

7.5.2 FOR ESR TO HOUSEHOLD..........................................................................................................94

7.6 OTHER COMPONENTS.....................................................................................................................95

7.6.1PUMP SELECTION......................................................................................................................95

7.7 PROPOSED DESIGN..........................................................................................................................96

8- BLOCK COST.......................................................................................................................98

8.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM..........................................................................................................................98

8.2 BLOCK COST.....................................................................................................................................98

8.2.1 Land for establishing system.....................................................................................................98

8.2.2SUMP, HGLR and ESR.................................................................................................................98

To arrive at the block cost of sump and ESR, block cost values of various capacities are taken and plottedto generate the trend and from that the cost of the sump and ESR of the required capacity are calculated....................................................................................................................................98

8.2.2 Maintenance Cost...................................................................................................................101

8.3 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK..............................................................................................................102

ZONE 1.............................................................................................................................................102



ZONE 2.............................................................................................................................................102

8.4 OTHER COMPONENTS...................................................................................................................103

8.5 OPERATION COST - MANPOWER...................................................................................................104

9- FEASIBILITY......................................................................................................................106

Annexure A: Spot Elevation & Zoning..................................................................................110

Annexure B: Calculation for size of sump & ESR...................................................................111

Annexure C: Detailed Design of Zone 1 & Results as per Loop software...............................115

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: GROUND WATER FEASIBILITY.....................................................................................................12Figure 2: TDS levels....................................................................................................................................13Figure 3 District map of Gujarat................................................................................................................14Figure 4: Location of Vavol and Gandhinagar............................................................................................18Figure 5: Location of Vavol........................................................................................................................20Figure 6: Map From CEPT University to Vavol Village................................................................................21Figure 7: PART-1: From CEPT University toThaltej Crossroad....................................................................22Figure 8Part-2: Thaltej Crossroad to Adalaj...............................................................................................22Figure 9Part-3: From Adalaj to Vavol........................................................................................................22Figure 10 Physical Map Of Gujarat............................................................................................................23Figure 11 Geological Map of India.............................................................................................................24Figure 12 Seismic Zoning Map of Gujarat.................................................................................................25Figure 13: Agriculture Map of Gujarat.......................................................................................................26Figure 14: Land Use Details.......................................................................................................................29Figure 15: Road Network of Vavol.............................................................................................................31Figure 16: Plan showing future growth of town........................................................................................33Figure 17: Location of borewells................................................................................................................37Figure 18: Borewell 1 located near Gram Panchayat.................................................................................37Figure 19: Borewell 2 located near Dhobi Ghat.........................................................................................38Figure 20: Borewell 3 located at Kubernagar.............................................................................................38Figure 21: Elevated Storage Reservoir in Vavol.........................................................................................39Figure 22 Plan showing pipe line layout & bore wells...............................................................................41Figure 23: Area Distribution for Household Survey...................................................................................47Figure 24 Percentage Of Women Educated Corresponding To Different Levels Of Education..................49Figure 25 Family Income of the Houses Surveyed.....................................................................................50Figure 26: Literacy Level of Women Area Wise.........................................................................................51Figure 27: Number of Members in Different Families Zone Wise..............................................................52Figure 28: No. Of Households with Animals..............................................................................................53



Figure 29: No. Of Houses in each Zone Having Animals............................................................................54Figure 30 Type of Connection- Number Of Houses...................................................................................55Figure 31 Area wise Maximum Usage of Water........................................................................................56Figure 32 Total Percentage of Houses Surveyed- Maximum Usage...........................................................57Figure 33: No. of Storage Tank- No. Of Houses Surveyed In an Area.........................................................57FIGURE 34 INCOME VS TANK.....................................................................................................................58Figure 35 % Of houses Storing Rain Water................................................................................................59Figure 36: Source of Water In times of No Water Supply..........................................................................59Figure 37: Water Tax paid per year...........................................................................................................60FIGURE 38 QUALITY OF WATER.................................................................................................................62Figure 39: Occurrence of Diseases.............................................................................................................62Figure 40: Pressure of Water Supply.........................................................................................................63Figure 41: Meeting between the Stakeholders..........................................................................................72Figure 42: Population Projection...............................................................................................................78Figure 43: Water Demand.........................................................................................................................79Figure 44: Shortage of water against demand...........................................................................................80Figure 45: Storage Requirement................................................................................................................81Figure 46 : Location of the components....................................................................................................84Figure 47: Houses doing Rain Water Harvesting........................................................................................86Figure 48: Water Need..............................................................................................................................89Figure 49: Proposed Zoning with elevation variation................................................................................90Figure 50: Proposed Distribution Network................................................................................................92Figure 51: Proposed Design Flowchart......................................................................................................96Figure 52: Trend Line Showing Sump Costing............................................................................................99Figure 53: Trend Line Showing Cost of ESR..............................................................................................100



LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 population growth by various methods........................................................................................16Table 2 Village profiles...............................................................................................................................16Table 3 village water supply details...........................................................................................................17Table 4: Population of the village..............................................................................................................27Table 5: Type of Workers in Village...........................................................................................................28Table 6: Land Use......................................................................................................................................28Table 7: Establishment Division.................................................................................................................29Table 8: Water Supply Timings in village...................................................................................................30Table 9: Road length details......................................................................................................................31Table 10: Infrastructure in the village........................................................................................................32Table 11: Water Supply timings and area..................................................................................................40Table 12: Age of Component.....................................................................................................................42Table 13: Area- Number of Forms.............................................................................................................48Table 14: List of Stakeholders surveyed....................................................................................................67Table 15: Density for given size of town....................................................................................................77Table 16: Water Quality Report for Water from Bore-1 + Bore-2..............................................................82Table 17: Water Quality Report for water from Bore-3.............................................................................83Table 18: Water Discharge in different areas............................................................................................85Table 19: Details of Zone...........................................................................................................................91Table 20: Maintenance Cost....................................................................................................................101Table 21 : Pipe Costing For Zone 1...........................................................................................................102Table 22: Pipe Costing For Zone 2...........................................................................................................102Table 23: Costing of Other Components..................................................................................................103Table 24: Salaries of Staff........................................................................................................................104Table 25: Operation & Maintenance Cost...............................................................................................104Table 26: Funding....................................................................................................................................106Table 27: Populations at every 5 years....................................................................................................106Table 28 Tax Collected.............................................................................................................................107Table 29 Cost Obtained from New Connection.......................................................................................107



Chapter 1: Selection of Village



1-SELECTION OF VILLAGE

1.1 SCOPE OF STUDY:Locating a suitable site with the population up to 10,000 souls which has an acute water supply

and quality issues and which requires a new water treatment and supply system in order to

eradicate the water related problems.

1.2 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:For the town short listing initially Internet and the government agencies located in Gandhinagar

were approached to gather the basic details of towns having water related issues. The process

of short listing goes in this manner, initially we approached GWSSB (Gujarat Water Supply and

Sewerage Board) who gave us the names of the talukas, and towns where water related

problems were identified, and then we visited WASMO (Water and Sanitation Management

Organisation) which works at village level for household supply, from here we gather the

information and water related status of the villages, and at the end we visited GUDA (Gujarat

Urban Development Authority) who gave us the village details.

1.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY:The site selection is based on the secondary data obtained from the agencies and not on the

primary data collected from the village. Also the selection has been limited to the Central

Region i.e. in a radius of 50 km as the study had to be carried out on a regular basis. We took

Gandhinagar district as our boundary for study and we shortlisted some of the towns from the

district and carried out the comparitative analysis for their selection. We kept only those towns

into our consideration which have population greater than 6000 souls, as areas having less

population than this has less feasibility for project designing.



1.4 SCENARIO IN GUJARATAccording to the present scenario of Gujarat state, some areas viz. (North state borderline

areas, Rajkot & Jamnagar District, Central Region, &Panchmahal) have been identified which

have scarce water supply. Moreover the state has faced three drought years in the last decade.

Gandhinagardistrict which lies in the central region has an population growth of 12.15 percent

in the last decade and due to this water demand is increased which is generally fulfilled by bore

wells as Naramdawater is not accessible in far by rural areas, as a result of which water table is

also going down, though it increases because of 15000 check dams which were built during last

two years.1

But this claim was rejected by the study done by Columbia Water Centre (CWC) which says that

in north Gujarat where the survey was carried out in 180 sq km of cash-rich areas in

Mehsana&Gandhinagar, water tables have been falling steadily over 15- 20 years. At present it

is about 600 ft below ground level. Also the rate of decline is 9 ft/yr as per observation wells,

and 20 ft/yr as per farmer recollections. "Water levels are either approaching or already below

mean sea level, hence increases the risk of intrusion of saline water, a transition that could end

agriculture in the area. Studies state that 82% of wells have salt in their water over the last 5-15

years. Other changes in water quality include increasing temperature (reported by 52%)

fluoride (30%) and dust (30%). Most people expected the water table to continue its decline,

and on an average expect water to last for about only six years. Because of this farmers will

have to deepen their wells (30%) or migrate (30%) to some other location or restrict crop

cultivation to the rainy season only (20%). 2

1Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (article February 7’ 2002)2Water.columbia.edu



1.5 SELECTION PROCESS

1.5.1 REASONS FOR SELECTING GANDHINAGAR DISTRICT

3Figu

re 1

shows that Gandhinagar district is the over exploited area. Here the population density is more.

This creates a greater water demand; hence sufficient supply system must be implemented to

eradicate the probable problems. Also since gandhinagar is developing a higher rate, so future

demands also increases for which the system is not designed for.Gandhinagar is the only city in

the country which uses maximum water which is about 330 litres/ day according to Asian

development bank report.Also the district has fluoride content up to 1.6mg/l. But as per IS

10500 (1991) guidelines, permissible limit of fluoride content in potable water is 1.5mg/l .Hence

further problem is increased.4

3geological map, gujaratresourecs water development program(gwrdc.gujrat.gov.in/maps.htm)4www. WASMO.org



TDS CONTENT

5T

h

e

figure shows that the Water quality in Gandhinagar district has TDS value between 2500-

5000.But as per IS 10500 (1991) guidelines, permissible limit of TDS in potable water is 2000

ppm. This water is supplied mainly through regional water supply system (RWSS) hence it is

clear that water quality in gandhinagar district is not up to the desired standards. Therefore

water treatment processes are required before distributing the water.

5Revenue department water resource management program


Figure 2: TDS levels


1.5.2 SELECTION OF GANDHINAGAR TALUKA

Figure 3 District map of Gujarat

Figure 1 show that Gandhinagar District comprises of four talukas, viz. (Gandhinagar,

Kalol,Dehgam& Mansa). This district witnesses average rainfall of 667 mm. The district has four

rivers to supply water viz. (Sabarmati, Khari, Vatrak, Meshvo), The Population of the district

is13, 87,478 (As per 2011 census) which is 20th highest population in the state. It has a

Population density of 660 person/ sq.km which is 4th highest in the state.6

6www.vibrantgujrat.com



We selected GandhinagarTaluka because of the recent statements given by the CM, stating

that Gandhinagar will be developed as a world- class city, as he dedicates various new

developments works to the public. In this he laid the foundation for a project for renovating

water supply pipelines in Gandhinagar.7

1.6 SELECTION OF VAVOL VILLAGE

Adaraj m

oti

Alampur

Bhundriya

Chiloda

Kolawad

aPala

jPiplaj

Randheja

Shiholi M

oti

Sonipur

Uwarshad

Vasana H

adwati

yo Vavol

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

POPULATION

VILLAGE

POPU

LATIO

N

Chart 1 Graph showing population of shortlisted towns (2001 census)8

From the Chart above, according to population basis we shortlisted the towns viz.

(Adarajmoti,Kolawada,Randheja,Uwarshad,Vavol). All these towns have population greater

than 6000 souls; we kept these on the feasibility basis as towns having population less than

6000 are not feasible for designing new project on the basis of cost factor.

7 Indian Express.htm8GandhinagarTalukaPanchaayat



1.6.1 POPULATION GROWTH

VILLAGE2001 CENS

US

Population Projection2011 CENS

USArithmeti

calGeometri

cal

Incremental

Increase

Graphical

Adarajmoti 7958 9073 15740 10820 15400 9152

Kolawada

10803 12159 12532 12292 12256 1242

3Randhej

a1109

6 12544 12217 - - 12760

Uwarshad 9106 - - - - -

Vavol 7034 8106 8441 8415 8256 15000

9Table 1 population growth by various methods

Thus, table 1 clearly indicates that there has been a tremendous increase in population of

vavol,which falsify all the projected parameters of the probable population. Hence vavol is the

most authentic town, as the scope of study increases here. The increase in population is mainly

due to new establishments (i.e. townships) that are constructed in the village area because of

being adjacent to Gandhinagar city.

1.6.3 DETAILS OF THE SHORLISTED VILLAGES

9GWSSB water supply scheme


Table 2 Village profiles

VILLAGE

Total area

(hectare)

Existing

water

supply

system

Water

quality

problem

Concentration

(mg/l)

Capacity of sump (litres

)

Adarajmoti

1170.5 TW NITRA

TE 108.54 3,60,000

Kolawada

1655.5 TW NITRA

TE 141.76 3,60,000

Randheja

1419.09 TW NA NA 6,00,0

00Uwarshad

1727.1 TW NITRA

TE 221.5 4,70,000

Vavol 761.4 TW NA NA 2,30,000


Table 2 shows that capacity of sump is least in Vavol, although quality issues are not that

prominent in this area but considering the land area, sump capacity is less.

1.6.4 DETAILS OF THE SHORLISTED VILLAGES (cont.)

VILLAGE

Existing ESR Pumping details

Capacity (lt)

Height (m)

Pumping discharg

e (lps)

Total head (m)

HP of pump

No. of pump

Adarajmoti 80,000 12 33.3 22 15 1

Kolawada 2,30,000 20 45.44 20 15 2

Randheja 80,000 12 52.05 22 12.5 2Uwarshad 50,000 12 30.36 22 20 2

Vavol 1,00,000 12 25.46 22 10 1

10Table 3 village water supply details

Table 3 shows that capacity of ESR invavol village is only 1,00,000 litres which cannot satisfy

15000 souls (for 70 lpcd), also height of ESR does not provide adequate pressure for village

topography because it is very widespread and as a result of which sufficient pressure is not

obtained at the tail end of the village (as inquired from the village talathi).

The village has only one pump existing and due to which supply is irregular, i.e. areas are fed at

different slots.

10 GWSSB water supply scheme





1.7 FINAL SELECTIONBased on the above parameters and justification, Vavol is the most appropriate city as it has

greater scope of study because the town has its own importance because of being adjacent to

the capital city. As a result of which new establishment is taking place.

11

This Village is recently undertaken by GUDA in its jurisdiction, hence its planning and

development becomes an utmost issue for GUDA. Also half of the village area is now a part of

Gandhinagar city.

11Maps.google.co.in


Figure 4: Location of Vavol and GandhinagarFigure 4: Location of Vavol and Gandhinagar


Chapter 2: Village Profile

2-VILLAGE PROFILE



2.1 LOCATIONVavol is a village in GandhinagarTaluka of Gandhinagar District of Gujarat.

It is located at 4 km distance from main city Gandhinagar. The pin code of the village is

38210612.

A few nearby villages are Bhundiya -Dharampur, Khadiya - Thadakuva, Limbadia-Karai,

Sughad - Nabhoi, Jakhora - Rajpur, Kolavada and Pundarasan.

Figure 5: Location of Vavol

12http://www.getpincode.info


GUJARAT

GANDHINAGAR DISTRICT

http://www.getpincode.info/


A plan showing the way to Vavol from CEPT University is given in fig.1

Figure 6: Map From CEPT University to Vavol Village

The whole path is diivided into three parts for understanding. In each part major junctions and

landmarks have been marked for ease.

Figure 7: PART-1: From CEPT University toThaltej Crossroad



Figure 8Part-2: Thaltej Crossroad to Adalaj

Figure 9Part-3: From Adalaj to Vavol



2.2 HISTORY OF VILLAGE13

During 1347 A.D. it was under the reign of MuhmmadTughlag and governed by Sheikh

Muizauddin. Then during 1411A.D. Mahmud Begda became the Sultan of Gujarat. He made

Ahmadabad his capitol city. Vavol being located near to Ahmadabad and also on the route

to Agra and Delhi, flourished along with Shertha, Randheja and Pethapur.

In 1573 A.D. Emperor Akbar conquered Gujarat and Vavol came under his rule. After

Aurangzeb passed away the old and new governors fought many battles for the rule. The

famous Battles of Adalaj were fought near Vavol. The Kolis of Pethapur fought valiantly

against the Mughals.

In 1758 A.D. the reign was shifted to SadashivRamchandra and DamajiGaekwad from

Mominkhan and the Maratha era began. After India gained freedom, a separate State of

Gujarat came was formed on 1st May 1960. A new capitol was required for the state and so

Gandhinagar city was constructed on the banks of Sabarmati near Vavol.

2.3 TOPOGRAPHY

Figure 10 Physical Map Of Gujarat

13Census of India 2001



As shown in the figure 6, Vavolcomesunderplain region. The village is almost at the same

level as that of Gandhinagar which has a mean sea level of 31m. The terrain of the Village is

even. The coordinates of the village are 23°13'12"N and 72°38'3"E (as recorded on site).

2.4 GEOLOGICAL AND GEO-HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Figure 11 Geological Map of India14

As shown in the figure 12,Vavol has alluvial formation. Rocky area is not found in this

village. Alluvium thickness is more in this village as it is situated in the western side of the

district. The village has Goradutype of alluvial soil. The Goradusoil is alluvial soil of older

origin and are dark red to red in color. They are very productive. This is reflected in the kind

of crops grown here and the past agricultural occupation at this place.

14http://www.gwrdc.gujarat.gov.in/maps.htm


VAVOL

http://www.gwrdc.gujarat.gov.in/maps.htm


Figure 12 Seismic Zoning Map of Gujarat15

The latest version of seismic zoning map of India given in the earthquake resistant design code

of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity for India in terms of zone factors.

According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity whereas

Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity.

It can be seen from figure 8 that Gandhinagar falls under Zone III of Seismicity. Therefore it is a

Moderate damage risk zone for earthquakes.

15http://www.isr.gujarat.gov.in


http://www.isr.gujarat.gov.in/


2.5 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL16

The climate can be described as hot summer, cool winter and generally dry except for the

monsoons. Winter is from December to February with maximum daily temperature from 29 oC

to a minimum temperature of 14oC. Summer is from March to May with maximum temperature

of 41oC to a minimum temperature of 26oC. During the hottest days the temperature may

exceed 46oC. There are large variations in the temperature, varying from 8oC in the monsoon

months and approximately 15oC during the other seasons. The monsoon season is from months

from June to September and October – November is the post monsoon period. July is the

rainiest month of the season. The average rainfall is 698 mm annually. Winds are light and

moderate throughout the year.

2.6 AGRICULTURE

Figure 13: Agriculture Map of Gujarat




Due to the type of soil at the village, the land there is very fertile. As shown in the map above,

the major crops grown here are bajran, cotton, jowar and oil seed.

Crops grown in:

Winter: Wheat, Raido, Rachka

Summer: Bajra, Jowar

2.7 DEMOGRAPHICAll demographic details are as per Census Report Of the year 2001.

Total Area of village = 761.4 Hectares

No. of Households = 1493

CATEGORY TOTAL MALE FEMALETOTAL POPULATION 7034 3676 3358CHILDREN (AGE- 0 TO 6) 1035 582 453SCHEDULED CASTE 739 384 355SCHEDULED TRIBES 55 32 23LITERATES 4898 2810 2088ILLITERATES 2136 866 1270

Table 4: Population of the village17

From the given table we get to know that the sex ratio is 913 females per 1000 males. Also

the total literacy rate is 69.6% and the literacy rate in women is 62.1%. The schedules tribes

consist of only 0.7% of the population and scheduled caste consist of 10.5%. Also from the

information gathered from Gram Panchayat the residents of the village are Patels,

Rajputs,Thakers, Rabaris, Suthars and Brahmins. People of other caste are also there.

Approximately 60 households of Muslims also reside there.




SR. NO. CATEGORY TOTAL MALE FEMALE1. TOTAL WORKERS 2810 2083 727

1.1 MAIN WORKERS 2256 1863 3931.1.(a) CULTIVATORS 201 177 241.1.(b) AGRICULTURAL LABORS 220 174 461.1.(c) HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 85 80 51.1.(d) OTHER WORKERS 1750 1432 318

1.2 MARGINAL WORKERS 554 220 3341.2.(a) CULTIVATORS 10 2 81.2.(b) AGRICULTURAL LABORS 301 95 2061.2.(c) HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY WORKERS 20 6 141.2.(d) OTHER WORKERS 223 117 106

2. NON WORKERS 4224 1593 2631Table 5: Type of Workers in Village18

The major occupation of the people is agriculture but now the trend is changing. More

people are selling their land at high prices to developers and becoming self employed by

starting their own business or taking up jobs in Gandhinagar city.

2.8 LAND USE PATTERNThe table below shows the total area of land in the village and the purpose of its use. The

wasteland includes the non – agricultural land as well as the non used land. The area of

public use is the area of the village i.e. the gaamtal where the residents of the village reside.

LAND USE AREA (m2) % OF TOTAL LANDTOTAL 7613435 -AGRICULTURE 5243998 68.8WASTE LAND 207508 2.64PUBLIC USE 1202537 15.8LAKE 56210 0.7GRAZING LAND 231173 3.03KABRISTAN 33297 0.4CEMETARY 1427 0.01NEW CONST. 637285 8.62

Table 6: Land Use19

18Census of India 200119Census of India 2001



Figure 14: Land Use Details

LAKE, DHOBIGHAT, BUS STAND,RABARI RESIDENCES, & CEMETORY.

HARI NAGAR, DRAGAH & GRAVEYARDDARGI’S, DARBAAR’S RESIDENCES.HARIJAN’S, THAKUR’S, RAWAL RESIDENCESAPARTMENT, PARK, MARKET.SUTHAAR’S, PATEL’S & BRAHMIN’S RESIDENCES & POST OFFICE

THAKUR’S, PRAJAPATI’S RABAARI’S, SHEIKH RESIDENCES, MARKET, CENTRAL BANK, & PANCHAAYATPRIMARY SCHOOL

MOSQUE & THAKUR RESIDENCESTEMPLEMUSLIM RESIDENCE, & GOVT. PRIMARY SCHOOL

BRAHMIN’S, MOCHI & MODI RESIDENCES ,TUBE WELL & ESRRABAARI’S & PATEL RESIDENCES, SHOPPING COMPLEX

Table 7: Establishment Division



2.9 SERVICES

2.9.1 Water SupplyWater in the village is supplied through tap connections. The source of the water is bore well. In

all there are 3 bore wells in the village. The water from the bore well is pumped to ESR having a

capacity of 1, 40,000 litres. From here water is supplied to tap through cement concrete pipes.

The water is supplied from morning 5am to noon 3pm. Water is supplied in the whole village

for two hours in the morning and then in slots to each of the four areas.

There is no special supply for drinking water.

AREA PUMPING TIMINGS

Complete Village 5AM – 7 AM

Kubernagar 7AM – 9AM

Defence colony 9AM- 11AM

Patel, Thakur, Harijan&Modi acquired area 11AM- 1PM

Darbar residences 1PM-3PM

Refilling of ESR 3PM-5PM

Table 8: Water Supply Timings in village

2.9.2 Electricity24 hours electricity is supplied to the village from GEB.20 But in our last two visits we

observed frequent power cut in the village.

2.9.3 Drainage and SewerageThe village has a drainage and sewerage system but the waste is not treated and just

thrown out at the end of the system in the lake, out of the village. 21

20Gram Panchayat21Gram Panchayat



2.9.4 Internal Roads

Figure 15: Road Network of Vavol

SR NO SYMBOL DESIGNATION TOTAL LENGTH (KM)

1 MAIN ROAD 1.92 INTERNAL ROAD 2.53 RAILWAY LINE ------


Table 9: Road length details


2.9.5 Other Amenities

CATEGORY SENIOR SECONDARY 0COLLEGE 0PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE 0PRIMARY HEALTH SUBCENTRE 1TAP WATER FOR DRINKING YESRAILWAY STATION NOCOMMERCIAL BANK YESCO-OPERATIVE BANK NO

Table 10: Infrastructure in the village22

The table shows the infrastructure statistics in 2001 and not much has changed since then. Only

the no. of primary health sub-centre has increased to 4 as many private centres have been

opened.

SCHOOLS

At present there are 4 schools in the village of which two are Primary schools, one is Secondary school and one is Higher Secondary school.

MEDICAL FACILITIES

There are 5 private clinics, one and Primary health sub centre and one clinic for animals.

TELECOMMUNICATION

Landline connections are that of BSNL and various connections are available for mobile. Internet BSNL connection is also available.

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Religious Places: 1 Mosque, 4Temples

One Movie Theatre

2.10 GRAM PANCHAYAT AND OTHER BODIESThe Gram Panchayat is the immediate governing body there.

Income of the Panchayatin 2010 year was: Rs. 53, 15,270/-

Expenditure of the Panchayat in 2010 Year was: Rs. 31, 34,970/-




2.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS



Figure 16 shows the reservation for various types of uses that are planned in the TPS scheme.

The TPS included the gamtalofVavol, water bodies and surrounding agricultural lands.

It was identified as one of the Nucleus Villages and is earmarked as residential zone (R7) in the

Gandhinagar Development Plan, 2011. The total area of the TPS is 175 ha, there are 319 plots

and most of the area is vacant. The project involved a diverse set of tasks – carrying out an

accurate topographical survey, compiling land ownership details, preparing the base map by

reconciling the survey with cadastral maps, getting the base map certified by the revenue


Figure 16: Plan showing future growth of town


department, marking all plots owned by a single owner, planning the road network, delineating

plots for public use, delineating final plots, valuing land, designing detailed infrastructure,

estimating the costs of development, distributing the costs of development on the owners,

calculating betterment charges, preparing the documents for presenting the proposals to the

owners, assisting the AMC in scrutinizing the objections/suggestions, modifying the proposals,

preparing the documents for publishing the TPS and preparing the final documents for

submission to the State Government.23

23TPS No. 13 Vavol



Chapter 3: Water Supply Profile

3-WATER SUPPLY PROFILE

3.1OVERVIEWWater is required for many purposes in the village. Mainly the water is required for

domestic purposes but there are 3 schools in the village which face the water scarcity

issue. A private school is constructing a bigger storage overhead water tank to cope up

with the demands. Moreover the DhobhiGhat area of the village requires more water.



As per CPHEEO manual 70 liters of water is to be supplied to a person everyday and the

current population of Vavol is 15,000 souls. So a minimum of 10, 50,000 liters of water is

required per day. There is no issue related to the quality of water but there are

problems regarding the pressure of water and quantity of water supplied.

Type of Water Supply: Intermittent Water Supply

3.2 SOURCE OF WATERThere are two sources of water to the village:

(a)Water coming from Narmada Canal

Due to high costs and incapability of paying the cost water supplied through the Narmada Mains, this source is not being used at present.

(b)Borewell

The other source of water is borewell. There are 3 borewells in the village. The locations

of the borewells have been shown in the plan below:

Figure 17: Location of borewells

BOREWELL-1



The major one is located near the lake. It is this borewell through which the whole

village (except for Dhobi-Ghaat and Kubernagar ) is supplied water. The depth of this

borewell is 350 feet.

Figure 18: Borewell 1 located near Gram Panchayat

BOREWELL-2

The second one is nearDhobhiGhat i.e. on the north eastern side of the village. Here, the

water is supplied throughout the hours of supply especially for the purpose of cleaning

clothes. The depth of this borewell is 400 ft.

Figure 19: Borewell 2 located near Dhobi Ghat

BOREWELL-3



The third is located at Kubernagar which is at the farthest north eastern end of the

village. As this region developed later than the remaining areas of the village, a special

borewell for the region was drilled. The depth of this borewell is 350ft

Figure 20: Borewell 3 located at Kubernagar

3.3 STORAGE OF WATERAt present there is one Underground Sump and there are 2 ESRs (Elevated Storage Reservoirs) at the village. All three of these are located near the borewell-1. The Capacities of the reservoirs are:

ESR-1: 50,000 litres

ESR-2:1, 40,000litre

Underground Sump: 2, 40,000litre

ESR-1 is not in use as it is very old (older than 25 years) and has the connection to an underground sump to which the water used to be supplied from the Narmada Mains.

Therefore, the Sump and ESR-1 are NOT IN USE right now.

The water from Borewell-1 is pumped to the ESR-2 and is supplied to the village from there. Hence, there is no underground storage reservoir right now. This is a point to be worried about as in case of sudden failure of the borewell or cut off of electricity supply there is no water stored.



3.4 TREATMENT OF WATER

The water obtained at Vavol is free from fluorides and TDS, so no treatment is required

for that but normal disinfection with chlorine is done. First chlorine in powder form was

used but now it is used in liquid form. A chlorine release machine is fitted at mouth of

the pipe carrying water to the ESR. It releases the chlorine in appropriate amounts as

the water is pumped in the ESR. 1 liter of chlorine is consumed daily. No health issues

have occurred in the village due to quality of water. No RO or any other systems are

used to purify drinking water.

3.5 DISTRIBUTION The water is transmitted through a pipe network which is 25 years old. Cement pipes of

dia. 6inches for the mains and the cement pipes of dia. 4 inches for the distribution lines

are used.

In the passage of time the ground level has risen due to filling up of areas and so the

pipes are approximately 10 feet below the ground. Thus maintenance and repair

becomes very difficult.


Figure 21: Elevated Storage Reservoir in Vavol


The type of water supply is Intermittent and is supplied in a staggered as in the way as

shown below:

AREA TIMEFULL VILLAGE 5 AM - 7 AMKUBERNAGAR 7 AM - 9 AM

DEFENCE COLONY 9 AM - 11AMPATELVAS, THAKORVAS,

HARIJAN, MUSLIM ETC. 11AM - 1 PM

DARBARVAS 1PM - 3PMFILLING TANK 3PM - 5PM

Table 11: Water Supply timings and area24

24Gram Panchayat


Figure 22 Plan showing pipe line layout & bore wells


Total Length of main pipe line (5”) ( ) = 3618 mt.

Total length of sub main pipes (3”) ( ) = 5188 mt.

3.6 AGE OF EACH COMPONENT

Sr.No. COMPONENT AGE OF

COMPONENT

DESIGN PERIOD

AS PER MANUAL

1. Electric Motor And Pumps 15 15

2. Pump House(Civil Works) 25 30

3. Clear Water Reservoir 15 15

4. Distribution System 35 30

Table 12: Age of Component

Therefore we get from the table above that the motors and the Reservoir have

completed their design period. Hence, they are no more suitable to be used.

3.7 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

3.7.1EMPLOYED PEOPLE:GramPanchayathas employed 2 operators to operate the

whole system. One operates the borewell 1 and 2and his salary is Rs 3000/ month while

the other operates the borewell 3 located at Kubernagar and his salary is Rs 1500/

month.

3.7.2MAINTENANCE CHARGES:A motor break down costs from Rs. 25,000 – 30,000 and

it generally occurs twice in a year. Apart from this the ESR is cleaned twice a year costing

aboutRs.5000 each time. Apart from this pipes fail, so they are repaired or replaced.





3.8 FINANCES

The total income of Gram PanchayatisRs 53,15,270/ year while its expenditure is Rs

31,34,970/ year so the PanchayatearnsRs 21,80,300/ year approximately.The Gram

PanchayatspentRs 2.99.251 / year which is 9% of the total expenditure. It also collects a

water tax of 90rs per household and so in total generates an income of 1,26,330Rs /

year which is 2% of the total income.

Chart 2: Water Supply Income vsExpanditure

3.9 OTHER ISSUES:The level of the village has increased due to filling up of lands. This has led to the

lowering of distribution pipes from the surface.

There are no issues related to the quality of water but relating to quantity and pressure

of the water supplied.



Chapter 4: Household Survey



4 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

4.1.1INTRODUCTION

4.1.1.1 WHAT IS A HOUSEHOLD SURVEYHousehold survey is a survey carried out for collection of detailed and varied socio- demographic data pertaining to conditions under which people live, their well-being, activities in which they engage and various factors which influence the same. Household survey provides a cheaper alternative to census for timely data. The accuracy of the data obtained can be made accurate and relevant for use by deciding correct sample size for surveying, its correct distribution and inclination towards carrying out the survey.

4.1.1.2 HOUSEHOLD SURVEY CARRIED OUT AT VAVOLA household survey was carried out on 21st August 2011 in the village of Vavol stretched over a

span of 6 hours from 10am to 4 pm to find out the issues relating to water supply and other

matters affecting it.

4.1.2 OBJECTIVE

The objectives of the survey are:

To identify the prevailing issues and problems in water supply

To have a generalized view of the economic and cultural background of the people

residing in the locality and to establish a pattern in water related issues with respect to

the same.

To serve as the basis for design of the new water supply system

To also cross check the authenticity of the data obtained till now

To support the hypothesis of water requirement in the village

To understand the level of public awareness, satisfaction and future expectations

The survey was carried out to find out the issues relating to water supply at the local level and

to find out the people’s view and opinion and suggestions to improve the current system and

also to check the authenticity of the data obtained about the water supply system till now.



4.1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF SURVEYThe survey is limited to the Gaamtalonly. The population ofVavol is 15,000 souls residing in the

established 3453 households. The societies which have their own bore-wells and storage tank

and the water is not supplied by the Gram Panchayat have been also included in the study.

The Personal Interview method was used for the survey as it is the most ideal and accurate.

The target population is

1. The no. of households to assess the water quality, pressure and quantity.

2. Various income groups for assessment of economic variations region wise in the village

3. Various genders for assessment of the level of education and other specific issues

pertaining to water supply

4. Various caste to know about their water requirements in accordance to their cultural

and religious needs

5. Various age groups

4.1.4 SAMPLING SIZE:The sampling can be done through various statistical methods. The sample size also depends

upon the population, type of study, accuracy required for the study etc. The population of

Vavol is currently 15,000 souls and there are 3453 households. The sample size is taken 2% of

the number of households.

4.1.5 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SAMPLE:

The samples are taken from different parts of the village, from various income groups, religion

and gender. We have divided the village into different sections depending upon the time of

distribution of the water. Also the samples are taken depending upon the density of population

and so as Kubernagar has the highest population density it also has the highest no. of samples.

The samples from taken from the Patel vas and Vaghari vas indicate the whole central eastern

portion of the village.



Figure 23: Area Distribution for Household Survey

We have selected these zones according to the residential patterns and density of population.

In all there are 78 forms which have been filled up in the survey from various parts of the

village. The distribution of the forms is as mentioned in table 1.



SR.No. AREA NO. OF FORMS

1. Vaaghrivaas 8

2. Sheik vaas 8

3. Tarpoj 6

4. Dhobighat 7

5. Patel vaas 8

6. Bhumi park 3

7. Harinagar 4

8. Kubernagar 20

9. Darbaarvaas 7

10. Thakur vaas 6

TOTAL 77

Table 13: Area- Number of Forms

Though BhumiPark has been classified as an area, it is a new society with its own private water

supply. This society is in Harinagararea of the village.



4. 2 ANALYSIS

The analysis of the information collected is done under four categories:

1. Demographic Analysis

2. Current Supply Analysis

3. Public Satisfaction Analysis

4. Public Awareness Analysis

4.2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

4.2.1.1 LITERACY OF FEMALE HEAD OF THE FAMILYThe literacy level of the female head of the house is a very important parameter as in a small

Indian village like Vavol females predominantly carry out the chores and are involved in

housework. This affects the awareness of the female head of the family regarding the system

and the hygiene related issues at domestic level. Figure-1 shows a chart showing the

percentage of women educated corresponding to different levels of education.

48%

17%

25%

10%

% OF FEMALE HEADILLITERATE PRIMARY SECONDARYHIGHER SECONDARY GRADUATE

Figure 24 Percentage Of Women Educated Corresponding To Different Levels Of Education.



The chart above suggests that women of almost half of the number of houses surveyed are

completely illiterate. 17% of the female heads have attended primary school and 24 % have

attended secondary school also. About 10% of female heads are graduates. It was observed

that this 10 % of female heads were very young and were the ones belonging to a family having

a good financial background (mostly belonging to the Sheikh Vaas area where experienced

people of the village reside).

4.2.1.2 MONTHLY INCOME OF THE PEOPLE

The monthly income of the family will be an indicator of the standard of living of the people

thus, affecting factors like kind of drainage system in the house, higher level of services for

satisfaction. It also shows the capability of the people to make up for the shortcomings of the

system at personal level by installing pumping device and having a personal storage tank.

0-20002001-5000

5001-10,00010,001-25,000

25,000 and above

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

14%

31%35%

13%

6%

INCOME RANGE

The

income of the people varies a lot in the village. About 14 % of the people have their income up

to Rs. 2000. And about 6% of the people have their income above Rs. 25,000 per month.


Figure 25 Family Income of the Houses Surveyed


4.2.1.3 SIZE OF FAMILY

The size of the family is a function of the literacy of the of the female head of the family and of

course the mind-set of the people (which is not a measurable entity). In terms of water supply

system, the number of people in a family will affect the number of connections and their

satisfaction level.

VAAGHRI VAAS

SHEIK VAASTARPOJ

DHOBIGHAT

PATEL VAAS

BHUMI PARK

HARINAGAR

KUBERNAGAR

DARBAAR VAAS

THAKUR VAAS

0102030405060708090

100

Literacy Level of Women

ILLITERATEPRIMARYSECONDARYHIGHER SECONDARYGRADUATE

AREA

PERC

ENTA

GE

Figure 26: Literacy Level of Women Area Wise



VAAGHRI VAAS

DEFENCE C

OLONY

SHEIK

H VAAS

TARPOJ

DHOBIGHAT

PATEL VAAS

BHUMI PARK

HARINAGAR

KUBERNAGAR

DARBAAR VAAS

THAKUR VAAS

25

100

2550 57 62.5

33 25 15 15 17

50

0

7550 43 37.5

67 75

4570

83

0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4015

025

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

No. of Members per Family

0 to 4 5 to 8 9 to 12 above 12

Area

No. o

f Mem

bers

in Fa

mily

Figure 27: Number of Members in Different Families Zone Wise

The fact that literacy level of woman of the house determines the size of family due to consciousness and awareness is very prominent here. It can be seen that illiteracy is highest in the areas of Dhobighaat, Kubernagar and Thakur Vaas. Of these, the effect on the size of family due to this can be seen in Kubernagar and Thakur Vaas.

The number of members in the families in DarbarVaas is big due to people of various generations staying together in a joint family. Apart from this, the number children are also big in the area Kubernagar.



2.1.4 NO. OF FAMILIES WITH DOMESTICATED ANIMALS

It is important to understand the trend in the village in domesticating of animals. This also depends on the cultural trend in the area and at times even the profession. For example, a person having a dairy as business will have cattle.

The Pie charts below in Figure 6 and 7 show the related numbers.

8

69

NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH ANIMALS

YESNO

Figure 28: No. Of Households with Animals



2

1

4

1

NO. OF HOUSES WITH ANIMALS

VAAGHRI VAASSHEIKH VAASTARPOJDHOBIGHATPATEL VAASBHUMI PARKHARINAGARKUBERNAGARDARBAAR VAASTHAKUR VAAS

Figure 29: No. Of Houses in each Zone Having Animals

From figure 6 it can be concluded that of the 77 houses surveyed only 8 have domesticated animals. Therefore, 10% of the houses surveyed have animals.

Of these 8 houses, 4 are from Kubernagar, 2 are from VaaghriVaas, and 1 from DhobighaatandDarbarVaas each.

Cattle are domesticated in all the areas apart from VaaghriVaas. Here, goats are domesticated as they are cheaper to be fed and maintained and their milk can also be consumed.



4.2.2 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

4.2.2.1 SOURCE OF WATER AND TYPE OF CONNECTION

PRIVATE TAP COMMUNITY TAP NEIGHBOUR'S TAP PRIVATE BOREWELL0

10

20

30

40

50

60

TYPE OF CONNECTION

Series1

Type of Connection

No. o

f Con

necti

ons

Figure 30 Type of Connection- Number Of Houses

As shown in the bar graph above, 53 houses ultimately consumed water supplied by the Gram Panchayat and 5 houses had their source in private bore-wells.

It is observed that people in VaaghriVaas and DarbarVaas have community connections. All the three houses getting their daily water from neighbours are from Kubernagar Area.

Private Bore wells are present in Bhumi Park which is a new and big society and Sheikh Vaas where the people have a steady income.



4.2.2.2 TIME FOR WATER SUPPLY

The time for water supply in within a zone varied a lot. This may be due to false data given by people or other issues like poor design, varying elevation etc.

Therefore, this parameter has not been taken into consideration.

4.2.2.3 MAXIMUM WATER USAGEThe maximum water usage for the people is either for sanitation or for their daily household work like washing clothes, cleaning the house etc.

The people who visit the Dhobighaatto wash the clothes or have established flushing system have their maximum usage in sanitation.

VAAGHRI VAAS

SHEIK

VAAS

TARPOJ

DHOBIGHAT

PATEL V

AAS

BHUMI PARK

HARINAGAR

KUBERNAGAR

DARBAAR VAAS

THAKUR VAAS0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Usuage of Water

WASHING/CLEANINGSANITATIONDRINKING

Type of Use

Perc

enta

ge o

f Use

Figure 31 Area wise Maximum Usage of Water



2%

25%

73%

MAXIMUM USAGE OF WATERDRINKING SANITATION WASHING/CLEANING

Figure 32 Total Percentage of Houses Surveyed- Maximum Usage

It can be seen from Figure 10 that most of the people (73%) consume highest quantity of water for their daily chores. In DhobiGhaat, in all houses the answer was daily works and in SheikhVaas in all the houses sanitation takes the highest quantity of water, as they have a stable income and send their clothes out for washing.

2.2.4 NUMBER OF HOUSES WITH TANKSThe number of houses in an area having tank shows the need to have a water tank to meet their daily needs of water. It is also a fact that, there are people who need tanks but cannot afford it.

VAAGHRI VAAS

SHEIK

VAAS

TARPOJ

DHOBIGHAT

PATEL V

AAS

BHUMI PARK

HARINAGAR

KUBERNAGAR

DARBAAR VAAS

THAKUR VAAS

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

NO. OF STORAGE TANKS

NOYES

Area

Stor

age

Avai

labl

e

Figure 33: No. of Storage Tank- No. Of Houses Surveyed In an Area



As shown in the figure 11, not many people in VaaghriVaas and Sheikh Vaas have storage tanks. This shows both the incapability to have one in spite of need and not having one due to lack of need of tanks respectively.

VAAGHRI VAAS

SHEIK

H VAASTA

RPOJ

DHOBIGHAT

PATEL VAAS

BHUMI PARK

HARINAGAR

KUBERNAGAR

DARBAAR VAAS

THAKUR VAAS

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

INCOME VS NO. OF TANKS

0-20002001-50005001-10,00010,001-25,00025,000 and above

AREA SURVEYED

NO. O

F ST

ORAG

E TAN

KS

FIGURE 34 INCOME VS TANK

4.2.2.5 RAINWATER HARVESTING

17%

83%

RAIN WATER STORED

YESNO



Figure 35 % Of houses Storing Rain Water

Of the 77 houses surveyed, only 12 houses harvest rain water. Actually in this case, the usage of word “harvesting” would be a misnomer. Of the houses which do it, 3 are from Kubernagar. The financial condition of all the three is very poor and they cannot afford to construct a tank. Therefore, they have made small pits in which they collect the rain water.

4.2.2.6 IN TIMES OF NO SUPPLY OF WATER

There are very rare occasions when the water is not supplied at all. This usually happens when there is cut off of electricity or when cleaning of the ESR is to be done.

WATER STORED IN TANK RAIN WATER OTHER0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

27

1

34

IN CASE OF NO SUPPLY

Figure 36: Source of Water In times of No Water Supply

As shown in the figure, 27 houses used water stored in their tanks, 1 house is dependent on water from rains and others have their other sources.

The other sources include:

Narmada Water From Tap near the Railway Crossing Water from nearby societies having tanks Water tankers



4.2.2.7 WATER TAX PAIDThe water tax paid by the people is as shown in the figure below. The y axis shows the number of houses.

Most of the houses have their tax around Rs.60 per year.

RS 0 TO 30 RS 30 TO 60 RS 60 TO 900

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

16

39

7

TAX PAID PER YEAR

Amount of Water Tax

No. o

f Hou

seho

lds

Figure 37: Water Tax paid per year



4.2.3 SATISFACTION

The satisfaction of the people was checked for three parameters- timing, quantity and pressure of water they get.

4.2.3.1 TIME OF WATER SUPPLY

Most of the people who are satisfied with the number of hours of supply are the ones with tanks.

65%

35%

TIME OF SUPPLYTIME OF NO SUPPLY? YES NO

The time of water supply is not constant in all the areas. The chart above shows that 65% of the people are satisfied the hours of supply.



4.2.3.1 QUALITY OF WATER

64%

36%

SAFE DRINKING WATER

YESNONO TAP

FIGURE 38 QUALITY OF WATER

The water has high silt content. As the source of water is ground it is suitable for drinking. It does not require any treatment though the water has to be left to let the silt settle down.

10%

90%

OCCURENCE OF DISEASES

YESNO

Figure 39: Occurrence of Diseases

Due to water, about 10% of the houses have had illnesses in the past. This shall be covered in detail in the stakeholder’s survey. Here diseases like diarrhoea, viral are dominant.



4.2.3.2 PRESSURE OF WATER

57%

43%

PRESSURE OF WATER SUPPLY

YESNO

Figure 40: Pressure of Water Supply

The tail ends of the village have a major issue of the pressure. If the Pressure becomes adequate the timings will also become sufficient.

4.3 CONCLUSION:

The critical area which needs attention isKubernagar as all the conditions are adverse here (physical, demographic, design of the system there).

Vaaghri vas has no regular water supply timings, moreover it is located on the far end of the village, as a result water pressure is inadequate in this area.

All the areas have an issue of silt content in the water. Due to this they let around 2 buckets of water coming initially to flow and then use it. This is practiced in all the places leading to excessive wastage of water from an already depleting source of water.



Chapter 5: Stakeholder Survey



5-STAKE HOLDER SURVEY

5.1: INTRODUCTION

5.1.1 Who is a Stakeholder? A person or group or an organisation having an interest in the system are the stakeholders of the system. In case of water supply system for a village, the stakeholders can be classified as:

1. Primary Stakeholders –They are those who engage in economic transactions and have authority over the system. (For example Panchayat, general public, Government Boards, Execution Agencies, Involved Corporate)

2. Secondary Stakeholders They are those who although they do not engage in direct economic exchange with the business are affected by or can affect its actions. (For example the general public, communities, business support groups, other institutions)

5.1.2 What is a Stakeholder Survey?

In order to upgrade/design/analyse any system or organisation, it is very important to get the feedback of the stakeholders of the system as they are important in achieving successful and realistic outcomes.

Following steps shall be taken to carry out a stakeholder’s survey:

1. Define the objective of the survey 2. Design the survey3. Identify the stakeholders4. Market the survey to encourage the participation of the stakeholders5. Carry out the survey and draw conclusions



5.2: STAKEHOLDERS’ SURVEY FOR VAVOL

5.2.1 Objective of the Stakeholder Survey

The objectives of the Survey were:

1. To check the level of awareness of the stakeholders regarding the current water supply and needs

2. To identify and prioritise major issues/flaws put forward by the stakeholders3. To find solutions for the same4. To get their feedback on the results obtained from the household survey 5. To get an idea from their learning from the past actions relating to water supply in Vavol6. To understand the role and involvement of the stakeholders in bringing about the

changes suggested by them

5.2.2 Methodology

Stakeholders’ survey mainly being a survey resulting in qualitative outcomes, was carried out by discussing various things with the stakeholder. A questionnaire was prepared to make sure no issue was left unaddressed during the discussion.

Structure and main issues covered in the questionnaire:

1. General information of the stakeholder2. Their overall outlook of the village3. Problems and challenges regarding water supply system

Quality Of Water Quantity/Availability Of Water

4. Views on Operation and Maintenance practices5. Other sensitive issues like biased supply of water, negative political influence on the

system’s efficiency etc.6. Involvement and participation of the Stakeholder in improvising the system

5.2.3 IDENTIFYING THE STAKEHOLDERS

Both primary and secondary stakeholders have been covered in the survey. In the primary stakeholders, the people involved in the daily operation of the system, the immediate



regulating authority and people from bodies at taluka and district level have been surveyed. Teachers and doctors have been covered under secondary stakeholders.

The teachers’ outlook would highly affect the approach of the people. The doctors were surveyed as they could highlight the issues relating to quality (affecting health) and mind-set of people.The people of the village are definitely the main stakeholders in the system and their views are covered in the household survey. As representative of the people, community and regional heads were also surveyed.

Sr. No.

Name Of the Person Surveyed

Occupation/Designation

1. Mr B U Thakur Talati2. Mr Rakesh Patel Ex DeputySarpanch3. Mr M K Maheshwari Deputy Executive Engineer, GandhinagarTaluka,

WASMO and GWSSB4. Mr SnehalMakwana District Co-ordinator, Gandhinagar, WASMO5. Mr Mohammad Sheikh Community Head of SheikhVaas, Active in

PanchayatWorks6. Mr Vinu Lineman, Operation of valves7. Dr Anita Goel Doctor, Shreeji Clinic8. Dr Shailesh Doctor, Private Clinic9. Dr Jignesh Doctor, Veterinary Hospital 10. Mr Ramesh Shah Teacher, M D Shah 11. Mr Vishal Teacher, PrathmikShaala

Table 14: List of Stakeholders surveyed



5.3: OBSERVATIONS OF THE SURVEY

5.3.1 VILLAGE AS A WHOLE

Vavol being located near the capital city of Gandhinagar, has already become an urban agglomeration. The population of the village has almost doubled in the last decade and has crossed 15,000. Demographically, a lot of changes (like shift in the occupation from farming to government jobs, income of the people etc.) Have been observed in the village and this will magnify further in the coming years. Currently, the village falls under the authority of Panchayat but looking at the pace of growth of the village it can be expected to be governed by the Gandhinagar Municipal Cooperation in coming few years. It is important to pay attention to and upgrade all the existing services in Vavolas the needs and expectations of the people are changing and increasing.

5.3.2 CURRENT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Among the primary stakeholders, the people involved in the functioning of the current system were well aware of the system, its components and it’s working. Here, a technical approach and knowledge was missing among the stakeholders.

5.3.2.1 QUANTITY OF WATER

SUPPLY

According to them the hours of supply of water are sufficient in all the areas of the village. The requirements of quantity and pressure are not being satisfied at present as the distribution system is very old and is around 3 m below the current ground level of the village. As the distribution system was laid around 35 years back, it was meant to satisfy the needs of the people then which was much less. From the same mains a number of new connections have been drawn, resulting in reduction of pressure of the water.

Now, in order to solve the above problems, priority should be given to laying of a new distribution system at appropriate depth. Pump of greater capacity (60 HP) should be installed for increasing the pressure. For natural pressure obtained under the effect of gravity, a new ESR of higher capacity of greater height (20 m) should be constructed. The people should also start using the dhobi ghaat as far as possible for cleaning clothes to reduce the need of the water got from the house tap connection.

It is known that within a zone of supply, a few communities get more water and a few get very less water. This is a result of unplanned distribution of connections, poor design and biased supply of water. To encounter this problem, valves should be installed at society level.



STORAGE AT USERS’ END

Even if adequate quantity of water is supplied to the people, many families which are financially challenged cannot store water as they do not have any means for storage. Water tanks should be provided to these families at a subsidized rate in order to solve the problem of quantity at user’s level also.

5.3.2.2 QUALITY OF WATER

There are no major issues regarding the quality of water here at the source level. Though there is a lot of silt content in the water coming out of the taps as the water is continuously supplied from the bore well and the silt is not allowed settle. A bigger ESR which would not require continuous inflow from the bore well could be a solution. Even the sup which is there should be used.

InKubernagar, water with very high silt content is obtained. Therefore, the usable quantity of water obtained is very less. Here, there is an urgent need to construct an ESR.

As told by the doctors surveyed, the people of Vavol are prone to having diseases and disorders like diarrhoea, kidney stones, dysentery very often. A major reason for this is that there is no special supply for drinking water. This could be solved by either setting up an RO plant in the village (aided by WASMO) and by creating awareness among the people regarding treatments to be done to water to make it drinkable.

As per the veterinary doctor, bronchitis, stomach infection and pneumonia are common disease in animals due to water consumed. The reason for this is that the animals consume water mainly from lakes where people discharge their waste water. Special provision of water for animals should be there by constructing more havadas and refilling and changing the water often.

5.3.2.3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ISSUES

Almost all the stakeholders believed that even the though the system itself has shortcomings, if the operation practices are improved a few problems can be encountered. More number of operators are required. The timings of the supply vary at times. There is biased supply of water as the village is dominated by the people from DarbarVaas and all the Panchayat members are also darbars. Here, the differences are very community oriented. Maintenance of the pipelines is almost impossible as they are difficult to have access to.



5.3.3 OTHER PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

POLITICAL ISSUES

Under Sector Reform Yojana being run by WASMO, all the villages of Gandhinagartaluka having any problem relating to water supply would get technical and financial assistance to upgrade the system. 90 % of the required investment would be funded by the Government and the remaining 10% has to be contributed by the Panchayat and the people of the village together. The idea of getting 10 % from the people is to ensure that the consumers also have a stake in the system and they value.

Issues relating to the physical system i.e. construction of new components can be covered under this yojana. Irresponsibility, lack of dedication and lack of intention to work for the general public has been noticed on the part of the Sarpanch and the other Panchayat members. ThePanchayatmembers are rarely active in the village. Their practices are aimed at welfare of their own community. It is very important to create awareness among the people to realise the potential of their village, to know the available privileges to them so that they can themselves get benefit from them and question.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

The village of Vavol is at a lower level than the other surrounding areas as a result of which the village gets waterlogged during monsoons. This fact could be used productively by harvesting rain water and constructing recharge wells.

WATER TREATMENT

No proper water treatment is done in the village as the water quality is satisfactory but for disinfection chlorine tablets are used, this treatment is carried out at the source only, but it is not done at regular pre defined timings as a result inefficient treatment is observed. This can be overcome by pre deciding the disinfection timings.



5.4 MEETING BETWEEN WASMO OFFICIAL AND VILLAGE STAKEHOLDERS

During the stakeholder survey many administrative issues regarding the water supply system came into picture and with a view of solving these issues a meeting was organised by us between the WASMO officials and the village stakeholders.

The meeting was conducted on 19th September 2011 at 11 am in the Gram Panchayatoffice. A notice was circulated among the stakeholders by the talati to inform the people about the meeting. The following stakeholders from different parts of the village were informed:

1. Kuber Singh Gol (Sarpanch)2. Rakesh Patel (Tarpoj, Patelvas)3. Bhartiben Mahesh Nadiya (Harijanvas)4. AmajiThakor (Thakorvas)5. Shailsh Patel (Patelvas)6. VirendraPratapjiGol (Operator)7. Umarsha Mohammed Dewan (Kubernagar)8. NathjiMafatbhai Desai (Rabarivas)9. RajuBhikhabhai Dantani (Vaagharivas)10. Mohammed Rehman Sheikh (Sheikhvas)11. Devendra Singh Gol (Darbarvas)12. Ramesh ShomabhaiRaval (Ravalvas)

The meeting was held amongst Mr.Gadhvi, a WASMO representative, the talatiMr. B. U. Thakur and the stakeholders of the village. Many of the informed were absent and only a few people turned up for the meeting. Out of 12, only 6 stakeholders came which were from Thakorvas, Patelvas, Kubernagar, Rabarivas, Sheikhvas and the Sarpanch. A discussion was carried out on all the aspects of the water supply system i.e. source, storage, treatment and distribution from which the major issue was the distribution system. All the issues discussed are mentioned below:



Figure 41: Meeting between the Stakeholders

5.4.1 SourceThe WASMO official studied the area of the village and recommended that a new bore well is required at the south side of the village but the stakeholders informed that the south side mainly consists of the residential societies which have a borewell of their own and plus that they do not have enough funds for the new bore at present. The WASMO official also suggested the use of Narmada water as the water quality is very good but the stakeholders complained that it was too costly for them. For a use of 2 months of Narmada water the Govt. generated a bill of Rs 3 lacs which was not at all possible for the people to pay.

5.4.2 TreatmentEven though so many cases of kidney stones are registered in the village, the stakeholders as well as the official both were satisfied with the treatment which was done. When been asked about the silt problem in Kubernagar, the stakeholders responded that this problem is because the bore is new and will solve itself as the time passes.

5.4.3 StorageBoth the officials and stakeholders agreed that 2 new ESRs, 1 at Kubernagar and the other at Dobhighat are required. This way they can separate the supply of these areas. The ESR of head 12m at Kubernagar has the first priority as there is no distribution system there as such and stations and hand pumps are provided at various points to get water. This would also solve the silt problem as it would settle down in the ESR. Also this area is at a higher level so it is not possible to supply water from the ESR1 (Gram Panchayat). Also as the village has expanded the current height of the ESR1 i.e. 12m is not enough and should be increased to 20m to obtain the required head and also to settle the silt.



5.4.4 DistributionThis was the most major topic of the meeting. All the areas are facing many issues because of the improper water distribution. This is because the pipes are old, deep and small to carry the required water at adequate pressure. Moreover there is no supply network at Kubernagar and hand pumps and stations are provided at various points. Vaaghari vas also faces a lot of water shortage due to less pressure. To solve this problem the stakeholders already have prepared a new pipe network plan but the WASMO officials do not think that this network would be able to sustain the demand. Also more valves are required to regulate the supply so as everyone gets equal supply. But the Gram Panchayatdoes have enough staff to maintain the system.

5.4.5 Sector Reform Yojna and TaxesWhen been asked about the taxes, the stakeholders were persistent that all villagers pay the taxes. Also they informed us that from this year they have increased the property tax and is now equal to that of Gandhinagar. According to the Sector Reform Yojna, the Govt. will pay 90% of the expenses while the village i.e. the public has to bear the rest 10% and generate a public fund for it. Here but the issue is that the GramPanchayat is capable enough to bear these expense but they cannot pay as the people are not contributing to the public fund.



Chapter 6: Gap Analysis



6- GAP ANALYSISIt helps to compare the present scenario to the future demands & to establish the gap between the two and in turn helps in designing self- sustaining systems. Gap analysis is a process of determining, documenting and plugging the gaps between present conditions and ideal situations. This can be done by benchmarking and doing other assessments. Gap analysis provides a measurement to know much investment of time, money and human resources is required to achieve the desired goal.

The basic parameters considered for the gap analysis are:

1. Quantity2. Quality3. Pressure4. Finances5. Miscellaneous

From which the gap in following can be established:

1. Source2. Storage3. Treatment4. Distribution

6.1.1 Need for New SystemThe current system was designed for the demand of 10, 17,736 litres but right now the demand is 12, 10,000 litres plus losses. So this system has failed in the year 2008 and a new system is needed.

6.1.2 Design Period for the New SystemAs per the CPHEEO manual on Water Supply and Treatment, water supply system is usually designed for a period of thirty years starting from the year when the system is functional.

The time lag between the time of designing and project completion is usually taken 2-5 years.

Design year: 2011

Assumed time lag between designing and project completion: 2 years

Year when the proposed project will be functional: 2013

Final year till when the proposed system will be adequate: 2043



6.1.3 POPULATION AND WATER DEMAND

6.1.3.1 POPULATIONThe major change which will create severe future water problems is the growth in population. Usually for a village population is projected by using the following methods:

(a) Arithmetical Progression MethodIn arithmetical progression method, the average increase of population is calculated from the past records and added to the last census population to find out the population in the next decade. This method gives low value and is suitable for well settled and established communities.

(b) Geometric Progression MethodIn geometrical progression method, percentage increase in arithmetical increment is assumed to be the rate growth and the average of percentage is increased is use to find out future increment in population. This method gives much higher value and it is mainly applicable for growing town and cities having vast scope for expansion.

(c) Incremental Increase Method In incremental increase method a progressively decreasing or increasing rather than concentrate is adopted. This is a modification over the arithmetical progression method. In this method, the increment in arithmetical increase is determined from the past decades and the average of that increment is added to the average increase.

(d) Geometric Ratio Method Geometric ratio method is similar to Geometric Progression method. Geometric ration of consecutive decadal population are form an averaged out. Future population is forecast by compounding the latest population using the above geometric ratio. In another version of the method, only the latest geometrical ration is considered for forecasting future population.

For such projects usually population is projected by each above mentioned method and an average of all the four is considered.

Now, Vavol at present can be classified as a peri-urban area. The village has immense potential for growth as it lies at the periphery ofGandhinagar city which is expanding at a rapid rate. The population of Vavol has increased by 113% in the last decade (from 2001 to 2011).

ForVavol which is a village at a developing stage, population projection on the basis of population density and FSI (Floor Space Index) would give the most accurate result.

Here, the forecast has been done on the basis of population density.



The forecast has been done as mentioned in the CPHEEO manual for Sewerage and Sewage Treatment. For this method, the accurate land use pattern, density of areas and zoning of the village should be known. If the above mentioned data is unavailable/ inaccurate following mentioned density maybe assumed for the village (after a period of 30 years).

Table 15: Density for given size of town

This table has been used for forecasting as the accurate land pattern etc of the village were not available. The current population of Vavol is 15,000.Therefore, as per the table above the density of Vavol can be taken to be between 150-250.Assuming the density of Vavol to be 180souls/hectare in the year 2043.

The area for residential purpose is taken to be 70% of the total area of the village. The remaining area includes gardens, temples, lakes, cemetery, mosque etc.

Therefore, area for projection = 70% of 761.3435 hectare

= 532.9404 hectare

Hence, population of Vavolin 2043 = Area available for residing × Density in souls/hectare

= 532.9404 × 180 = 95,930 souls

Therefore, the population of Vavol in the year 2043 will be 95,930 souls.

It is assumed that 65% of the increase in density of population is achieved in the first fifty years and the the remaining 35% increase in the last fifteen years. Assuming that current population density is 40 souls/hectare and that 60% of the area will be used for development, the population in the year 2028 can be assumed to be 59,850 souls.



2013 2028 20430

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

17,860

59,850

95,930

Population

population

Figure 42: Population Projection



6.1.4 WATER DEMANDThe per capita demand in the year 2013 is considered as 70 lpcd as there is no drainage system in the village but in the year 2028 and 2043 it is considered to be 135 lpcd assuming that drainage system will be installed by that time. The rise in water demand will be as given below. This demand considers the per capita demand as well as the 15% UFW (Unaccounted for Water).

Hence, the demand in 2043 will be ((135lpcd × 95,930souls)×1.15) which is 1,48,93,200 litre per day.

2013 2028 20430

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

1,437,730

9,291,713

14,893,133

Water Demand

water demand

Figure 43: Water Demand

GAP IN THE SOURCE

Currently, there are three bore-wells in the village which are in use for 10 hours a day. The bore yield has been calculated for 12 hours of pumping as the bore well need time to recharge and water cannot be pumped out continuously (as told obtained from the Stakeholder’s Survey). The obtained values are:

Bore-well 1 (near the present sump) : 3,53,808 lpd

Bore-well 2 (Dhobighaat) :2,86,720 lpd

Bore-well 2 (Kubernagar) : 3,77,210 lpd

Now, the ultimate demand is 1, 48, 93,200lpd.



Therefore, we are short of the water from the source by 1, 38, 75,460 litres per day. Hence, we are short of source for supply.

DEMAND0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

1,017,738

14,893,200

l

l

Figure 44: Shortage of water against demand

6.1.5 STORAGECurrent system has two one functional ESR of 1, 40,000 L capacity and a sump of 3,20,000 l. At present only the ESR is in use. According to CPHEEO manual, any village should have enough storage to store water equal to one day’s requirement. Hence, for the ultimate year there should be storage for 1, 48, 93,200l.The storage system is short of the requirement by 1, 47, 53,200 litres.

Therefore, there is a need for new storage system.



Current Storage Available Required Storage0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

16,000,000

140,000

14,893,200

Ll

L

Figure 45: Storage Requirement

6.1.5.1DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMThe distribution system in the village is 35 years old and at present it lies about 10 feet below the current ground level. Even the leakages cannot be detected due to the inassessibity of the pipes.

Therefore, there is a need for new distribution System.



6.1.6 QUALITYWater samples were taken from all 3 bores and were given for testing at Vishal Analytical Laboratory to check if it was fit for drinking purpose or not.

VISHAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORY, AHMEDABAD.

VISHAL ANALYTICAL LAB SOIL AND WATER ANALYSIS 113, MALAY TENAMENTS, AHMEDABAD. 380007. PHONE (95)(079)26635587

JITENDRA GANDHI M.Sc. (In.Org.) MONIKA SHETH B.Sc. (micro)

OUT WARD NO:- 695 14/09/2011<1> NAME OF CLIENT VILLAGE: VAVOL, GANDHINAGAR CEPT UNIVERSITY,

AHMEDABAD. PROJECT NO.1, GROUP NO.6.

<2> TESTING COMPLETE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLE.<3> SAMPLE OF SAMPLE RECEIVED FROM CLIENT (SUPPLY WATER SAMPLE)

TUBEWELL N0. 2<4> SAMPLE RECEIVED DATE 12/09/2011<5> ANALYSIS REPORT DRINKING PURPOSESR.

NO.

PARAMETER ANALYSED ANALYSIS RESULT OF WATER SAMPLE

As per 1.3.10500(1991) STANDARDS FOR DRINKING

UNIT

MINIMUM Permissible

MAXIMUM Permissible

1 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

1530 750 2500 MICRO MHOS/CM

2 PH 8.12 6.5 TO 8.5 6.5-8.5 -3 T.D.S. 1140 500 1500 PPM4 COLOUR CLEAR 5 25 CO-PT5 ODOUR ODOUR FREE - - -6 TURBIDITY NIL 5 10 N.T.U.7 CALCIUM 35 75 200 PPM8 MAGNESIAM 9 30 100 PPM9 SODIUM 293 200 500 PPM10 POTASSIUM 2.8 12 20 PPM11 CARBONATE NIL 300 600 PPM12 BI-CARBONATE 634 PPM13 SULPHATE 19 200 400 PPM14 CHLORIDE 128 250 1000 PPM15 FLUORIDE 1.30 1.0 1.5 PPM16 NITRATE 12.40 45 50 PPM17 TOTAL HARDNESS 125 300 600 PPM18 TOTAL ALKALINITY 510 200 600 PPM19 TOTAL COLIFOMS NIL NIL NIL TOTAL

MPN 100 Table 16: Water Quality Report for Water from Bore-1 + Bore-2



VISHAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORY, AHMEDABAD.

VISHAL ANALYTICAL LAB SOIL AND WATER ANALYSIS 113, MALAY TENAMENTS, AHMEDABAD. 380007. PHONE (95)(079)26635587

JITENDRA GANDHI M.Sc.(In.Org-) MONIKA SHETH B.Sc. (micro)

OUT WARD NO:- 694 14/09/2011<1> NAME OF CLIENT VILLAGE: VAVOL, GANDHINAGAR CEPT UNIVERSITY, AHMEDABAD.

PROJECT NO.1, GROUP NO.6.

<2> TESTING COMPLETE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLE.<3> SAMPLE OF SAMPLE RECEIVED FROM CLIENT (SUPPLY WATER SAMPLE)

TUBEWELL N0.1<4> SAMPLE RECEIVED DATE 12/09/2011<5> ANALYSIS REPORT DRINKING PURPOSESR.

NO.

PARAMETER ANALYSED ANALYSIS RESULT OF

WATER SAMPLE

As per 1.5.10500(1991) STANDARDS FOR DRINKING

UNIT

MINIMUM Permissible

MAXIMUM Permissible

1 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

1430 750 2500 MICRO MHOS/CM

2 PH 8.26 6.5 TO 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 -3 T.D.S. 1080 500 1500 PPM4 COLOUR CLEAR 5 25 CO-PT5 ODOUR ODOUR FREE - - -6 TURBIDITY NIL 5 10 N.T.U.7 CALCIUM 40 75 200 PPM8 MAGNESIAM 6 30 100 PPM9 SODIUM 270 200 500 PPM10 POTASSIUM 2.8 12 20 PPM11 CARBONATE 12 300 600 PPM12 BI-CARBONATE 586 PPM13 SULPHATE 25 200 400 PPM14 CHLORIDE 120 250 1000 PPM15 FLUORIDE 1.30 1.0 1.5 PPM16 NITRATE 12.20 45 50 PPM17 TOTAL HARDNESS 125 300 600 PPM18 TOTAL ALKALINITY 490 200 600 PPM19 TOTAL COLIFOMS NIL NIL NIL TOTAL MPN

100ml.Table 17: Water Quality Report for water from Bore-3

The results show that the water is potable and fit for drinking but has high TDS and sodium content then the minimum permissible limit so R.O. treatment is advised.



6.1.7 PRESSUREAs the village faces lot of pressure problems a discharge survey was carried out by us to quantify the pressure drop in all areas. From the survey we came to know that as Darbaar vas has motor connection it has very high discharge of 0.27 lps. Other far end areas such as Kubernagar has 0.11 lps discharge andtarpoj had 0.10 lps. The average discharge of the whole village is 0.12 lps.

Figure 46 : Location of the components

AREA NAME TIME TAKEN TO FILL DISCHARGE (LPS)



14 LTRS BUCKET (SECONDS)

Dhobi Ghat 126 sec 0.11

VaaghriVaas 117 sec 0.12

Kubernagar 125 sec 0.11

DarbaarVaas 52 sec 0.27

Tarpoj 129 sec 0.10

Harinagar 119 sec 0.18

Sheik vaas 108 sec 0.13

Patel vaas 114 sec 0.12

Thakur vaas 132 sec 0.11

Table 18: Water Discharge in different areas

For the above readings, one bucket a house per area was filled randomly. Within a locality also the discharge may vary. Like in Kubernagar as we go away from the bore well the elevation increases resulting in decreasing discharge in lps.

6.1.8 RAIN WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM



17%

83%

YESNO

Figure 47: Houses doing Rain Water Harvesting

From the above graph from Household survey (where 78 houses were surveyed), 17% of the people do store rainwater in vessels whereas 83% do not. It is also seen that the bore wells are over exploited as there yield capacity is 7,66, 264 lit from which 7,00,00 lit is pumped out every day. So the there is a great need to recharge these bore wells. So a proper rain water harvesting system is needed for the village. People should store rainwater so that the bores are less exploited.

Also that Vavol being a comparatively low lying area gets water logged very easily. Thus, a rain water harvesting system would solve both the purposes.

6.1.9 DRAINAGEPresently Vavolis 7 ft below the road level so water logging in the Gaamtal area of the village is a major issue which is faced throughout the year. At present the surface water is drained at the south lake. Moreover there are individual soak pits and septic tanks and no proper drainage system is there in the village. So drainage and rainwater disposal systems are also needed in the village. This would also increase the water demand.

6.1.10 FINANCESThe total income of the PanchayatisRs. 53, 15,270 and the expenditure Rs. 33, 25,011. So the savings are Rs. 19, 90,259. But this fund cannot be used as the Sector Reform Yojna instructs that the fund should be paid by the public fund only. This amount can be judiciously used for the operation and maintenance of the system. Also the electricity is paid by the Govt. as it still a village but with the growth in population is will soon be changed to a town and so all the rules of Nagarpalika will be implemented. So the electricity bill which is found out to be around Rs 2, 00, 000 will then have to be incurred by the Nagarpalika.



6.1.11 MISCELLANEOUSThe age for which of the system is designed for 30 years whereas here the system is 35 years old and finished its service life so a new system is required. Also there are many political issues such as the Darbars and the Patelswhich have a strong hold on the village have water supplied to their areas for a longer time whereas the Vaagharis and Dantanis, are suppressed and left without water. So a unbiased and equal distribution network is needed.



Chapter 7: Proposed Design



7- PROPOSED DESIGN

7.1 REQUIREMENTS OF THE NEW SYSTEMAs mentioned in the gap analysis, the base year for the new system is taken 2013 i.e. it is assumed that the new system will be in use from then. The new system shall serve for a period of 30 years i.e. till the year 2043. The water needs are as follows:

Year Density Area for construction PopulationWater Need

(lpd)2013 40 380.67 15,227 23,63,9722018 75 407.32 30,549 47,42,7182023 103 433.97 44,698 69,39,4392028 131 456.81 59,842 92,90,4082033 147.8 483.45 71,454 1,10,93,2912038 164.6 510.10 83,962 1,30,35,1762043 180 532.94 95,929 1,48,93,021

Figure 48: Water Need

7.2 ZONING

7.2.1CURRENT ZONINGThe current zoning for supply of water in the village is community based. During the household survey it was realised that the people are dissatisfied with the current zoning as there are political issues which are also community based. Also that there are regions within a zone with varied supply issues. So, the first step taken is proposal of new zoning.

7.2.2PROPOSED ZONING

The new zoning was done considering the elevation of different areas of village from the meansealevel. Areas with highest and lower altitude were taken into consideration.

On basis of the study of elevation levels majorly two zones were decided as shown in above figure. Zone 1 has higher elevation ranging from 74 to 78 mts and zone 2 had elevations ranging from 72 – 76 mts. Areas of zone 1 have higher elevations in comparison with the areas of zone 2.Zoning was also done in order to remove the political issues prevailing in village as it was greatly affecting water supply system of village. Supplying water as per above zones will lead to equal and sufficient supply of water in all zones. Also that within a zone no division of area for supply has been done. Hours of supply for a zone are the hours when water is supplied in the whole zone.



The ratio of area of Zone1 to Zone2 is taken as 0.4:0.6 (on the basis of area calculation on graph paper). Area of Zone1 is 304.56 hectare and that of Zone2 is 456.84 hectare. Similarly the population and water requirement are given below in Table-19.

Refer Annexure A for elevation spots in each zone.

Figure 49: Proposed Zoning with elevation variation

PARAMETER ZONE-1 ZONE-2

AREA 304.56 ha 456.84 ha



POPULATION 38,372 souls 57,558 souls

WATER DEMAND (IN 2043) 59,57,280 lpd 89,35,920 lpd

Table 19: Details of Zone

7.3 SOURCE OF WATERCurrently, there are three bore-wells in the village which are in use for 10 hours a day. The village is short of the water from the source by 1,38,75,460 litre per day. Hence, we are short of source for supply. Vavol falls in region of overexploited water supply. Hence, it the idea of having new borewell was not considered. The village already has a connection for water from Narmada Canal under the SujalamSufalamYojana.

The lake water is very unreliable source of water in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore, it the source of water has been taken as the Narmada Canal water. Considering the quantity of water obtained from this, the water from the bore-wells is very less. But due to the mind-set of a few stake-holder’s, the existing bore-wells have been taken as the source of water too. After a few years when the acceptance for water from stakeholders for Narmada Canal water coming from Pethapur Waterworks treatment plant is achieved, it may be made the only source of water. Further designs have been done keeping this factor into consideration.

As it is currently, water from borewell-1 and 2 shall be used in Zone-2 and bore-well 3 shall be used in Zone-1 which includes Kubernagar, the area where water from here goes at present.

7.4 STORAGEThe water from connection from Narmada canal shall be supplied and stored in a high ground level reservoir. From this reservoir this water will be sent to a sump in Zone-2 and to an ESR for the same zone. Water from the borewell-3 will be pumped directly to ESR in zone-1 and supplied from there. The water from borewell 1 and 2 will be supplied directly to a new ESR in zone-2. The water in each zone will flow in the distribution system from the ESR of the respective zones.

The timings for supply of water from Pethapur Waterworks is 7am to 1pm and 4pm to 10 pm. The HGLR has been designed to take water from Pethapur Waterworks and to send it to sump inZone-2 and the ESR in zone-1

Assumed time for supply to the sump is the same as the inflow and to the ESR is 5 am to 10 am and 4pm to 9pm. The required capacity of HGLR is 14, 00,000 l.

For the sump in Zone-2, the time for inflow is 7am to 1pm and 4pm to 10 pm and it is supplied to the ESR from 6am to 11am and 4pm to 9pm. The capacity of required sump turns out to be 13, 90,000 l.



For ESR for Zone-1, the time for inflow is 5 am to 10 am and 4pm to 9pm and outflow is 5am to 9am and 4pm to 8pm. And its required capacity is 6, 00,000 l.

For ESR of Zone-2, the time for inflow is from 6am to 11am and 4pm to 9pm and time for outflow is 6am to 10am and 4pm to 8pm. The capacity of this required ESR is 8, 95,000l.

Refer Annexure B for Calculations.

TIMINGS OF SUPPLY ZONE

5am to 9am, 4pm to 8pm Zone-16am to 10am, 4pm to 8pm Zone-2

7.5 PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

Figure 50: Proposed Distribution Network



The total pipeline length of the new proposed design is around 8006 m. out of this 4863 m long is the sub main line length while the main line length is 3143 m, the pipe diameter for main line is 150mm while the sub main line has 110 mm diameter. The networking was done based on the existing road layout; both internal and main roads were taken into account. It shows only two sources of distribution, both having a sump and an ESR for distribution of water.

The cover for pipeline is kept 1m (as recommended in CPHEEO Manual)



7.5.1 PIPES FOR HGLR, SUMP TO ESRSelection of pipe diameter

Assuming pipe length = 5m (length of pipe between sump and over head tank)Hydraulic gradient, S = 1:100From Hazen William’s formula,V = 4.567 /1000 x C x D0.63 x S0.54

V – Velocity of the fluid flowing through the pipeC – Hazen Williams coefficient for PVC = 150D – Internal Diameter of the pipeS – Hydraulic Gradient

7.5.2 FOR ESR TO HOUSEHOLD

Further for distribution of water from ESR to the households, a sample for zone 1 is prepared as

Shown in ANNEXURE C using LOOP, which gives entire details for pipe lines in zone 1. The final result obtained is

Internal diameter 83.2 mm = 3853 m




The details are shown in the layout.



7.6 OTHER COMPONENTS

7.6.1PUMP SELECTIONSelection of pressure class

Total head (H) = h1 + h2+ 10%x (h1 + h2)Where, h1 = height of tank And h2 = frictional loss = 20 + 0.7 + 2.07 = 22.77

Pump selection

HP = Q x H/75xήή = 65% efficiencyTherefore, HP = 68.95 x 22.77/ (75 x 0.65) = 30 HP

Hence the calculation above shows that 30 HP pump would be sufficient in each zone for transmitting water from HGLR to ESR 1 or from sump to ESR 2 respectively.

Apart from this following components shall be provided:

Line Valves :8 number Soft Starter Panel : 4 number

2 for every 15 years at Sump and HGLR Electric Motor with the Pump: 4 number Pumping Station: 2 no- one for each zone Chlorination Pump: 3 no- one at each borewell

Water from the Pethapur Treatment Plant is already chlorinated, so such a pump is provided at each bore-well. The life of such a pump is 15 years. Only three pumps for a period of 15 years are considered as it is assumed that bore-wells wont be in use soon.



7.7 PROPOSED DESIGN

Figure 51: Proposed Design Flowchart

It shows that water from Narmada is supplied to PethapurTreatment plant, which has a capacity of 36 MLD/ day, it is then transferred to the HGLR of 14 lakh litres, which is used by the

ESR of zone 1 having capacity of 6,00,000 litres. Water from the HGLR is then supplied to the sump of capacity 13, 90,000 litres, from where it is used by ESR having capacity of 8, 95,000 litres.

http://niua.org/Publications/research_studies/Water_supply/water_tariff-%20full.pdf


http://niua.org/Publications/research_studies/Water_supply/water_tariff-%20full.pdf


Chapter 8: Block Cost.



8- BLOCK COST

8.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

For the new efficient water supply system, we propose that theGaamtal area should be divided into two zones. The reason behind distributing in two zones is the topographical differences between the two areas, which mean the combined area having elevation ranging from 74 to 78 m. is categorized under zone 1 while the combined area having elevation ranging from 72 to 76 m. is categorized under zone 2. Also this could reduce the present prevailing political issues regarding water supply in the village. According to the new zoning system the 761.40 hectares is divided into two zones of 304.56 hectares and 456.84 hectares respectively which are shown in Fig. 51.

8.2 BLOCK COST

8.2.1 Land for establishing systemThe system does not require any expense on land because the proposed establishment in zone 1 will be done in the same place where the existing system exists. And the new proposed establishment for zone 2 is already a government owned property (having survey number 1140) which can be availed by the water supply board. Hence investment on land is not an extra expense for the new system.

8.2.2SUMP, HGLR and ESR

8.2.2.1Construction Cost

To arrive at the block cost of sump and ESR, block cost values of various capacities are taken and plottedto generate the trend and from that the cost of the sump and ESR of the required capacity are calculated.



2500050000

75000100000

150000200000

300000500000

1000000

1500000

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

Cost of Sump

costPolynomial (cost)

Rs 21,00,000/-

Figure 52: Trend Line Showing Sump Costing

The cost of HGLR is considered 20% less than that of the sump as no excavation or shoring is required which reduces the construction cost of 14,00,000 litres HGLR to Rs 16,80,000/-

All the block costs of ESR are of constant head of25 20m from the ground.

25Reference - www.mahamjp.com/works/dsr-0708/gsr.pdf


http://www.mahamjp.com/works/dsr-0708/gsr.pdf


25,00050,000

75,000100,000

1,50,0002,00,000

250,0003,00,000

400,0005,00,000

750,000

10,00,000

15,00,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

Cost of ESR

costPolynomial (cost)Rs

38,00,000/-

Rs 42,00,000/-

Figure 53: Trend Line Showing Cost of ESR26

26 Reference - www.mahamjp.com/work


http://www.mahamjp.com/work


8.2.2 Maintenance Cost

As per the CPHEEO manual, all sumps and elevated storage reservoir should be cleaned at least once a year. From thePanchayat the information on current cost for cleaning a reservoir for

Once was known which is Rs. 5000 per year.

COMPONENT

PER UNIT COST

DETAILS DESIGN PERIOD

INVESTMENT

MAINTAINENCE COST AFTER 30

YRS(AT PRESENT 5,000 /YEAR)

SPECIFICATION

ESR 1 6.33/LCapacity6,00,000

litres30 38,00,000/- 4,24,008/- Concrete made

with 20 m head

ESR 2 4.69/L Capacity

8,95,000 litres

30 42,00,000/- 4,24,008/- Concrete made with 20 m head

Sump 1.5/LCapacity

13,90,000 litres

30 21,00,000/- 4,24,008/- -

HGLR 1.20/LCapacity

14,00,000 litres

30 16,80,000/- 4,24,008/- -

NOTE: -

1- As the size increases cost litre reduces. 2- Cost of HGLR is 20% less than that of sump as no excavation or shoring is required which

reduces the construction cost.3- Increase in the maintenance is taken 6% per annum which is the minimum inflation.

Hence, for construction of infrastructure works will cost Rs. 1, 17, 80,000 which is a onetime investment and maintenance will cost Rs.16,96,000 at the end of 30 years, which has to be recovered through taxes annually


Table 20: Maintenance Cost


8.3 DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

ZONE 1

Internal diameter

(mm)

Length Unit cost

/ m length

Cost

83.2 3853 175 6,74,275102.0 64 218 13,952129.7 65 309 20,085160.0 52 701 36,45227

Table 21 : Pipe Costing For Zone 1

Now for zone 2, by considering the present system and future density keeping in mind the

Results of detail designs of zone 1, under shown values can be taken.

ZONE 2

Internal diameter

(mm)

Length Unit cost

/ m length

Cost

83.2 4114 175 7,19,950102.0 84 218 18,312129.7 80 309 24,720160.0 63 701 44,16328

Table 22: Pipe Costing For Zone 2

NOTE: -

This is the length of the pipe considering the future demand also, hence Rs. 15, 51,509 is the total cost of the pipelines at the end of 2043.

8.4 OTHER COMPONENTSCOMPONENT PER DETAILS DESIGN INVESTMENT TOTAL SPECIFICATION

27Annexure C28Annexure C



UNIT COST PERIOD

OPERATING COST

(AFTER 30 Yrs)

Pump house (2nos) 50,000 2m X 2m 30 1,00,000 - -

Submersible pump (4nos) 16,000 8” 30 HP 15 96,000 1,61,01,792 -

Electric motor 12,000

For pump 30 hp 15 48,000 40,25,448 -

Soft starter panel (4nos) 50,000 - 15 2,00,000 Nil 2 phase control

Valve (8nos) 8,000 Line valve 30 64,000 57,600 Union butt welding type

Chlorination pump (3nos) 5,000 2 HP 15 15,000 7,73,452 -

Table 23: Costing of Other Components

Note:

Here, operating cost is based on the electricity consumption by the component depending on its capacity and efficiency.

CALULATION

HP X 746 X 12 X 30/ 1000 = KWh x unit rate of electricity

The rate of electricity is increased every 5 year by escalation in price of 6%.

The chlorination pumps are established with the bore well because water from Pethapur treatment plant will not require any further treatment. Hence reducing the cost of water treatment in the village, Apart from this 3 submersible pump will be required for village, one for each bore well, which will require replacement after 15 years. Similarly, 2 electric motor, 4 soft starter panels will be replaced after 15 years.



8.5 OPERATION COST - MANPOWER

The proposed designed system would be requiring minimum of four working staff, 2 linesman and 2 security guards. One pair on each Zone ( as per CPHEEO manual).

STAFF NUMBERS PRESENT SALARY CUMULATIVE SALARY AFTER 30 YEARS

Operator 2 3000 30,51,320

Security Guard 2 1500 15,25,66029

Table 24: Salaries of Staff

The staff salaries are calculated by cumulative of Compound interest by an escalation of 2% (as informed by WASMO officials).

Therefore, from the above calculations it can be concluded that:

Serial No.

Subject Initial Cost Operation and Maintenance Cost

1 Sump, ESR1, ESR2, HGLR, Distribution Network

1,32,92,000 16,96,000

2 Other Components (pump, motor etc) 5,23,000 3,48,65,000

3 Manpower (Employed Staff) - 45,76,980

4 Total 1,38,25,000 2,72,31,320

Table 25: Operation & Maintenance Cost

Now, based on the above analysis, the onetime investment cost turns out to be Rs. 1, 38, 54,509 and annual operation and maintenance cost turns out to be Rs. 2, 71, 53,189at the end of 30 years.

29



Chapter 9: Feasibility



9- FEASIBILITY

As per the Sector reform Yojana, 90% of the cost for establishing new sump, ESR and HGLR will be funded by WASMO. Therefore:

Serial No.

Amount Paid By Amount

1 WASMO (90% of1,32,92,000 ) 1,19,62,8002 Gram Panchayat (10% of 1,32,92,000 ) 13,29,200

Table 26: Funding

Hence, the amount to be borne by the people for this is Rs. 13, 29,200, so based on the population of 2013 when the proposed system will be functioning; an individual has to bear Rs. 74.42 for construction of fixed components.

• The total amount to be borne by the Panchayat which shall be collected in the form of water tax is Rs.20,23, 40, 665.

Now, for calculation population after every five year has been calculated as shown below:

Year Population No. Of Households2013 15,227 30452018 30,549 61102023 44,698 89402028 59,842 119682033 71,454 142912038 83,962 167922043 95,929 19186

Table 27: Populations at every 5 years

The population for the village is considered to be the same for a period of 5 years like from

2013 to 2018, 2018 to 2023, 2023 to 2028 and so on.

Now for the base year it is assumed that the property tax is Rs. 90 per year

Here, it is assumed that in every year 50% of the people pay the older value of tax and 50% pay the new increased value.



YearNo. of Households

Tax/household Total tax

2013-2017 3045 90 13702502018-2022 6110 120 3679451.2262023-2027 8940 161 7214133.2082028-2032 11968 216 12941154.362033-2037 14291 290 20707079.672038-2043 16792 388 32603442.56 TOTAL TAX 7,85,15,511

Table 28 Tax Collected

Now, for taking a new connection the Panchayat charges Rs.990 per connection currently. We have assumed that the ratio between the average tax paid per household and cost for a new collection is the same every year.

Year No. of Households No. Of new connections Cost for New

Connection Cost Collected

2013-2017 3045 45 1000 45000

2018-2022 6110 3064 1338 4100323

2023-2027 8940 2830 1793 5074819

2028-2032 11968 3029 2403 7278438

2033-2037 14291 2322 3220 7476631

2038-2043 16792 2502 4315 10795328

Total Cost 34770539

Table 29 Cost Obtained from New Connection

Therefore, the total money obtained by this is Rs. 8,90,54,615

The rest can be covered from property tax.



Now, this amount shall be recovered from property tax. In the year 2010, the income from property tax was Rs.28,00,000. Taking average value of property tax from this.

We get 28,00,000/(15,000/5)= Rs. 933

Year Population No. of Households Property Tax2013 15,227 3045 142049252018 30,549 6110 285031502023 44,698 8940 417051002028 59,842 11968 558307202033 71,454 14291 666675152038 83,962 16792 78334680

Total 28,52,46,090

At present the income from property tax is used to make up for costs for water supply

Thus, using this the system can be made sustainable



Annexure



Annexure A: Spot Elevation & Zoning



Annexure B: Calculation for size of sump & ESR

ESR FOR ZONE – 1

Demand: 59, 57,280 litres

INFLOW

Supply from HGLR: 55, 80,070 Litres

Supply fulfilled by bore well: 3, 77,210 Litres

Time of HGLR: 5am to 10am, 4pm to 9pm.

Time foe bore well: 5am to 10am, 4pm to 9pm

For HGLR, a1 = 55, 80,070/24 = 2, 32,503 litre/hr.

For Bore well, a2 = 3, 77,210/24 = 15,717 litre/hr.

OUTFLOW

Hourly demand, a= 59, 57280/24 = 248220 litre/hr.

Outflow timing: - 5am to 9 am, 4pm to 8pm.



ZONE 1

Time Demand Supply Cumulative

supplyDeficit/SurplusHourly

demand Cumulative HGLR

Bore Well

4 - 5 am 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 - 6 am 3a 3a2.4 a1 2.4 a2 2.4b -148932

6 - 7 am 3a 6a2.4 a1 2.4 a2 4.3b -297864

7 - 8 am 3a 9a2.4 a1 2.4 a2 7.2b -446796

8 - 9 am 3a 12a2.4 a1 2.4 a2 9.6b -595728

9 -10 am 0 12a2.4 a1 2.4 a2 12b 0

10 - 11 am 0 12a 0 0 12b 0

11 - 12 pm 0 12a 0 0 12b 0

12 - 1 pm 0 12a 0 0 12b 01 - 2 pm 0 12a 0 0 12b 02 - 3 pm 0 12a 0 0 12b 03 - 4 pm 0 12a 0 0 12b 0

4 -5 pm 3a 15a2.4a

1 2.4a2 14.4b -148932

5 - 6 pm 3a 18a2.4a

1 2.4a2 16.8b 297864

6 - 7 pm 3a 21a2.4a

1 2.4a2 19.2b 446796

7 - 8 pm 3a 24a2.4a

1 2.4a2 21.6b 595728

8 - 9 pm 0 24a2.4a

1 2.4a2 24b 0

9 - 10 pm 0 24a 0 0 24b 010 - 11

pm 0 24a 0 0 24b 0

11 - 12 am 0 24a 0 0 24b 0

12 - 1 am 0 24a 0 0 24b 01 - 2 am 0 24a 0 0 24b 02 - 3 am 0 24a 0 0 24b 03 - 4 am 0 24a 0 0 24b 0



4 - 5 am 0 24a 0 0 24b 0

Capacity = max surplus + max deficit

= 5, 95,728 Litres

ESR FOR ZONE – 2

Demand: 89, 35,920 LPD (8.9 MLD)

Demand fulfilled by Sump: 82, 95, 390 LPD

Demand fulfilled by Bore 1: 2, 86,720 LPD

Demand fulfilled by Bore 2: 3, 53,808 LPD

INFLOW

Time for Sump: - 6am to 11am, 4pm to 9pm.

Time for Bore 1:- 6am to 11am, 4pm to 9pm.

Time for Bore2:- 6am to 11am, 4pm to 9pm.

OUTFLOW

6am to 10am, 4pm to 8pm.

Constants.

For Sump, a1 = 82, 95,390/24 = 3, 45,641.25

For Bore 1 a2 = 2, 86,720/24 = 11,946.67

For Bore 2 a2 = 3, 53,808/24 = 14,742

For OUTFLOW:-

a = 89, 35,920/24

Demand = 3, 72,330.



ZONE 2

Time Demand Supply Cumulative

supply Deficit/SurplusHourly demand Cumulative

SUMP

Bore-1

Bore-2

4 - 5 am 0 0 0 0 0 05 - 6 am 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 - 7 am 3a 3a 2.4 a12.4 a2

2.4 a3 2.4b -223398

7 - 8 am 3a 6a 2.4 a12.4 a2

2.4 a3 4.8b -446796

8 - 9 am 3a 9a 2.4 a12.4 a2

2.4 a3 7.2b -670194

9 -10 am 3a 12a 2.4 a12.4 a2

2.4 a3 9.6b -893592

10 - 11 am 0 12a 2.4 a1 2.4a2 2.4a3 12b 011 - 12 pm 0 1 0 0 0 12b 012 - 1 pm 0 12a 0 0 0 12b 01 - 2 pm 0 12a 0 0 0 12b 02 - 3 pm 0 12a 0 0 0 12b 03 - 4 pm 0 12a 0 0 0 12b 04 -5 pm 3a 15a 2.4a1 2.4a2 2.4a3 14.4b -2233985 - 6 pm 3a 18a 2.4a1 2.4a2 2.4a3 16.8b -4467966 - 7 pm 3a 21a 2.4a1 2.4a2 2.4a3 19.2b -3701947 - 8 pm 3a 24a 2.4a1 2.4a2 2.4a3 21.6b -8935928 - 9 pm 0 24a 2.4a1 2.4a2 2.4a3 24b 0

9 - 10 pm 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 010 - 11 pm 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 011 - 12 am 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 012 - 1 am 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 01 - 2 am 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 02 - 3 am 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 03 - 4 am 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 04 - 5 am 0 24a 0 0 0 24b 0

Capacity = max surplus + max deficit.



= 8, 93,593 Litres

Annexure C: Detailed Design of Zone 1 & Results as per Loop software.




Engineering

Conceptual design for water supply system