INDEX

INTRODUCTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM & DISCRIPTION

WORKING PRINCIPLE

PLC INTRODUCTION

SENSOR

ADVANTAGES

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

IntroductionToday most of the cleaning of automobiles,trains and buses are done manually.this does increase the employment but a lot of time is wasted when the number is high.people have to wait in queue’s for their turns.idustrially this is time cosuming.

CONTROL PANEL PLATFORM

MOVING MOTOR M0

CAR IN

CLEAN WATER STATION

CLEAN WATER STATION

SOAP WATER STATION

DRYING STATION

PUMP MOTOR M1

PUMP MOTOR M2

PUMP MOTOR M3

SENSOR 1

SENSOR 2

SENSOR 3

SENSOR 4

CAR MOVING PLATFORM

DELAY 15 SEC

After delay

platform moves

the vehicle to next station

Ciruit diagram

Input

PLC

O

utpu

t

Powersupply

Inductive Proximity Sensor 1

Inductive Proximity Sensor 2

Inductive Proximity Sensor 3

Inductive Proximity Sensor 4

Powersupply

Movingplatform

Pump 1

pump2

Pump 3

Drying fan

PLC INTRODUCTION

Power Supply

Digital Input

Analog input

Status LED

Buttons

LCD Display

Interface Socket forMemory card

Output Power supplyDigital Out put

Why PLC ?Why PLC ?

Number of logical inputs and Number of logical inputs and outputsoutputs

MemoryMemory Number of special I/O modulesNumber of special I/O modules Space EfficientSpace Efficient Expansion CapabilitiesExpansion Capabilities Scan TimeScan Time CommunicationCommunication SoftwareSoftware FlexibilityFlexibility Understandable ProgramUnderstandable Program

PLC workingPLC working

A PLC works by continuously A PLC works by continuously executing PLC cycle.executing PLC cycle.

In one PLC cycle, PLC CPU In one PLC cycle, PLC CPU read inputs, execute the read inputs, execute the control program, update control program, update outputs.outputs.

PLC cycle Time is normally PLC cycle Time is normally in milliseconds.in milliseconds.

SelfCheck

ExecuteProgram

ScanInputs

UpdateOutputs

PLC ProgramSCAN

PLC componentsPLC components

CPUCPU MEMORYMEMORY INPUT INPUT OUTPUTSOUTPUTS PORTSPORTS POWERPOWER PROGRAMINGPROGRAMING

CPUCPU The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of a The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of a

programmable controller that retrieves, decodes, store, and programmable controller that retrieves, decodes, store, and process informationprocess information

It also executes the control program stored in the PLC’s It also executes the control program stored in the PLC’s memory.memory.

The CPU is the brain of PLCThe CPU is the brain of PLC The CPU consists of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), The CPU consists of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU),

timing/control circuitry, accumulator, scratch pad memory, timing/control circuitry, accumulator, scratch pad memory, program counter, address stack and instruction register.program counter, address stack and instruction register.

A PLC works by continually scanning a programA PLC works by continually scanning a program*PLC CPU contains:*PLC CPU contains:1.1. Memory Memory 2.2. MicroprocessorMicroprocessor3.3. PLC operating systemPLC operating system4.4. PLC Program / Logic PLC Program / Logic 5.5. Network Connection Network Connection

Memory cont’dMemory cont’d

Some types of memory used in a PLC include:Some types of memory used in a PLC include: ROM (Read-Only Memory)ROM (Read-Only Memory) RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory) PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable

Read-Only Memory)Read-Only Memory) FLASH MemoryFLASH Memory Compact Flash – Can store complete program Compact Flash – Can store complete program

information, read & write text files information, read & write text files

PLC PLC Input and outputInput and output

Input and output system is the section of Input and output system is the section of

PLC to which all of the field devices are PLC to which all of the field devices are

Connected.Connected.

Inputs are devices that provide a signal/dInputs are devices that provide a signal/data to ata to PLC.PLC.

**Types of PLC InputsTypes of PLC Inputs *Types of PLC Output *Types of PLC Output Digital InputsDigital Inputs Digital Output Digital Output Analog InputsAnalog Inputs Analog Output Analog Output Timer/Counter InputTimer/Counter Input PWM Output PWM Output Thermocouples InputThermocouples Input

Inputs ModulesInputs Modules Inputs come from sensors that translate physical Inputs come from sensors that translate physical

or chemical phenomena into electrical signals.or chemical phenomena into electrical signals.

The simplest form of inputs are digital/discrete in The simplest form of inputs are digital/discrete in

AC/DC.AC/DC.

In smaller PLCs the inputs are normally built in In smaller PLCs the inputs are normally built in

and are specified when purchasing the PLC.and are specified when purchasing the PLC.

For larger PLCs the inputs are purchased as For larger PLCs the inputs are purchased as

modules, or cards, with 8,16, 32, 64, 96 inputs of modules, or cards, with 8,16, 32, 64, 96 inputs of

the same type on each card.the same type on each card.

Outputs ModulesOutputs Modules

Output modules rarely supply any power, but Output modules rarely supply any power, but instead act as switches.instead act as switches.

External power supplies are connected to the External power supplies are connected to the output card and the card will switch the power on output card and the card will switch the power on or off for each output.or off for each output.

A common choice when purchasing output cards is A common choice when purchasing output cards is relays, transistors or triacsrelays, transistors or triacs..

Relay are the most flexible output devices. They Relay are the most flexible output devices. They are capable of switching both AC and DC outputs. are capable of switching both AC and DC outputs. But, they are slower, cost more, and they will wear But, they are slower, cost more, and they will wear out after millions of cycles. out after millions of cycles.

Advantages of plc :Advantages of plc : Variety of I/O interfacesVariety of I/O interfaces Small sizeSmall size Growing with technology, faster scan times, Growing with technology, faster scan times,

capability etccapability etc Quick I/O disconnects that aids in field servicingQuick I/O disconnects that aids in field servicing Modularity in hardware architectureModularity in hardware architecture Modularity in software design (programmer Modularity in software design (programmer

dependant)dependant) Software Timers/Counter, RelaysSoftware Timers/Counter, Relays Clean failure modeClean failure mode On-line programmingOn-line programming Self inspecting for operation code during executionSelf inspecting for operation code during execution Availability of programmers/trouble Availability of programmers/trouble

shooters/integratorsshooters/integrators Availability of replacement partsAvailability of replacement parts Improves quality & accuracyImproves quality & accuracy Increase in productivityIncrease in productivity

Sensors

Acoustic Proximity

Inductive ProximityCapacitive Proximity

InfraRed Proximity

Proximity Sensors:

Inductive Proximity Sensor

Ruggedness, reliability and application flexibility.

No-touch object detection.

Generates an electromagnetic field to sense metal objects.

This is usually the easiest sensing technology .

Determines the functional distance between a target and the sensor’s surface.

ADVANTAGES

No manpower required.

If we use special car washing pressure pumps no compressor will

required.

Can be use in domestic service stations.

Very less maintenance.

Comparatively cost of system is less.

No. more space required.

No. environmental pollution.

APPLICATIONS

In car manufacturing companies. - After assembly of car.

Car body building industry.

Car replacing and maintaining stations.

In service stations.

FUTURE SCOPE

Now the existing system works on electrical mechanism, which results in major electric power loss. This loss can be minimized using the hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic jack lifting system operated automatically.

Also we can implement a counter which will be allowing the number of cars washed to be counted.

Instead of AC motors AC drive systems can be used for purpose moving .The horizontal as well as up down moving pallet.

After woking on this project auto car washer and dryer ,we can came to conclusion than such automation system are quite beneficial ,and saving time of operation and also man power reduced ,improving the economy of the system the future such type of system will have more demanded.

CONCLUSION

RefrenceRefrence BOOK:BOOK: Process Control by C.D. Johnson, Tatamegra hill publicationProcess Control by C.D. Johnson, Tatamegra hill publication Machine design – by R.S. Khurmi.,Techmax publication.2006 Machine design – by R.S. Khurmi.,Techmax publication.2006

rev edtionrev edtion Intorduction to PLC By Garry Dunning. Pearson publication Intorduction to PLC By Garry Dunning. Pearson publication PLC and SCADA By B.G. Liptak. ,Flood publication 4PLC and SCADA By B.G. Liptak. ,Flood publication 4 thth

editionedition    WEBSITES:WEBSITES: www.wikipedeia.com/allaboutplc/allaboutplc www.micrologix .com/1000/AB.com .com/1000/AB.com www.mrplc.com/plccecohtml.com/plccecohtml.com www.alldatasheets.com /ceco12krd /ceco12krd

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