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Web Accessibility 101Sharron Rush and Jessica Looney, Knowbility
August 9, 2016
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Presenters
Assisting with chat: Susan Hope Bard, TechSoup
Becky WiegandWebinar Program Manager
TechSoup
Sharron RushExecutive Director, Co-Founder
Knowbility
Jessica LooneyCommunity Programs Director
Knowbility
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Objectives
• Gain a high-level understanding of web accessibility – what is it, why it matters
• Review essential techniques to increase your website’s accessibility
• Learn about what’s next – OpenAIR • Answer questions
6
About TechSoup
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The Need Is Global – And So Are We
TechSoup’s mission is to build a dynamic bridge that enables civil society organizations and social change agents around the world to gain effective access to
the resources they need to design and implement solutions for a more equitable planet.
Countries Served TechSoup Partner Location NetSquared Local Group
Where are you on the map?
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www.TechSoup.Global
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Our Impact
Together, we build a stronger, more resilient civil society.
$5.2Bin technology products and grants employed
by NGOs for the greater good
35languages used to provide education
and support
100+corporate and
foundation partners connected with the
causes and communities they
care about
6.2Mannual visits to our websites
600,000newsletter
subscribers empowered with
actionable knowledge
79%of NGOs have improved organizational efficiency with TechSoup Global's
resource offering*
*Source: survey conducted among TechSoup members in 2013
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Participant Poll
What is your role in ensuring an accessible website?
- I didn't build it, I don't maintain it- maintain the website, didn't build it- I upload content - I'm the ED I'm the network admin/accessibility pro
Quick Tips to Get Started
Our goals today
• Take a snapshot of web accessibility – what is it, why does it matter?
• Identify essential techniques • Point to what’s next – OpenAIR • Answer questions
Facilitated by…Knowbility • National non-profit making the web accessible since 1999• Sharron Rush, co-founder, Executive Director, Knowbility• Invited Expert since 2006 for W3C Web Accessibility
Initiative (WAI) • Currently co-chair for Education and Outreach Working
Group (EOWG)• Author Maximum Accessibility (2002)• Jessica Looney, Community Programs Director, Knowbility
Hi there!
The Web is meant to transcend barriersRegardless of differences …
• platform• operating system• formats• browser• device• distance• ability• language
‘Accessible’ Means...People with disabilities
…can acquire the same information …participate in the same activities
…actively produce as well as consume online content S that is available to all other
Web users.
SS
Universal Design…
• supports all people• supports all technology• improves experience for all• “Good design IS accessible design”
~ Dr. John Slatin
Participant Poll• Are you aware of your legal responsibility to be concerned with around accessibility?
• Yes• No
Why advocate for accessibility?Legal
Technical
Humanitarian Market
Visionary
UN Convention on Rights of people with Disabilities
• Explicitly references technology access as basic human right in modern world
• Ratified by more than 100 nations• Additional accessibility laws in European
Union, Canadian Government, Australia, Japan, others
US Federal Law• Section 508 of Rehabilitation
Act• ADA –notice of intention to
extend the ADA to the web • Oct 2010, President signed 21st
Century Accessible Technology bill
Disability is a market force • Nearly 20% of US population has disability• Numbers growing as population ages• Your organization is likely to have large
representation
Growing constituency
• Fortune: “$1 trillion annual market”• $200 B in discretionary spending• 55 million Americans• 750 million worldwide• More as population ages
It’s all about People
WAI Accessibility Perspectives:Keyboard Compatibility
Watch more from the WAI Accessibility Perspectives on their website -- https://www.w3.org/WAI/perspectives/
Participant Poll• What do you think the biggest barrier is to equal access that you have to address?
• - technical requirements• - getting developers to understand/build it• - money• - buy-in from leadership• - legacy software• - other• - I don't know
Four Principles of accessible contentPerceivable, operable, understandable and robust. Cartoon shows four colorful characters. First is a man with dark glasses saying “I can perceive it.” Next a fellow with one arm in a sling who says “I can use it,” then a woman with a lightbulb over her head saying “I can grasp it,” and finally a woman holding a smart phone saying “I can access
There are 4 Major Principles of Accessibility
Common Barriers
• Structure • Reading and focus order• Keyboard• Text alternatives • Color and contrast• Link text• Multi-media
StructureTo help users orient themselves on web pages, the content and different areas need to be structured to help assistive technology identify them.
• Use semantic structures as intended• Logical nested headings• Semantic meaning not visual
presentation• List markup for related information• Explicit form ID and label
• Identify row and column headings in data grids (tables)
• Outline structure with HTML5 regions or ARIA landmarks
Reading and focus orderReading, tab and focus order should be the same as the display (visual) order. Sequence in which page items receive focus should reflect intent of the content.
• Provide page titles that are meaningful to orient users among a set of pages
• Skip links as needed• Create logical tab order
through links, form controls, and interactive elements
Visible Keyboard OperationKeyboard focus should be visible (ex: highlighted text) and follow a logical order. • Ensure users can access all features of a Web
page through the use of a keyboard alone• Make keyboard focus as clearly visible as
mouse hover states
Text alternative basicsUsers experiencing visual impairment will need a verbal description of any images, otherwise known as alt text.• Provide text alternative (alt attribute of img
element) for meaningful images• Empty alt attribute <alt=“”> to decorative images• Identifies target of linked images• Fully describe complex images like • charts, graphs• WAI Tutorial alt text decision tree
Ex Alt Text: Box of chocolates
Color and contrastSome users have trouble perceiving low contrast, while others have difficulty taking in high contrast.
• Avoid using color as ONLY method to denote a state or requirement
• Provide contrast of text against background of 4.5 to 1 or higher
Link textWhen navigating from link to link, screen readers will read ‘link’ before the link text so link text must be descriptive.
• Specify link target, such as where the link goes or what it does. (Ex: The WAI Homepage)
• Text should make sense out of context (not “More” or “Click here”)
– OR –• Be uniquely associated with a heading level (usually
h2 or h3 or higher)• Use aria-described by to make the association
MediaProviding video captions for the hearing impaired and audio descriptions for the visually impaired are crucial if you want to convey the information in your video to the widest audience.
• Keyboard operable media player• Caption audio content of video
and synchronize to onscreen actions
• Describe meaningful video content in audio description track or text transcript.
Going forward
• Next steps within your organization • Online resources w3.org/WAI • Community programs • Ways to get involved
Participate …• OpenAIR: Accessibility Internet Rally – accessible web
development contest benefits global nonprofits
• The OpenAIR competition provides nonprofits with an opportunity to get a new, fully accessible website, designed with the help of some of the leading accessibility developers in the country.
OpenAIR: The basics• When: Get your nonprofit together and
registered by September 15th. The competition kicks off October 11th at Google Fiber and ends with an awards ceremony December 8th.
• What: A six week competition in which a team of developers and an accessibility mentor will work together to build a new website for your company.
• How: Find more information and register your company or team on the air-rallies website.
39
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