Pilgrim Pipelines 101Kate Hudson, Director of Cross Watershed Initiatives, Riverkeeper

Jennifer Metzger, Rosendale Town Councilwoman; Co-director Citizens for Local Power

www.StopPilgrimPipeline.com

Riverkeeper logo1

1. Crude Oil on the move: Where is it coming from, how is it shipped, what are the risks?2. Proposed Pilgrim Pipelines3. Pipeline impacts and costs4. Where are the regulators: the review and approval process 5. What actions we can take

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The domestic oil boom took off with development of hydraulic fracturing technology, which made it more economical to exploit shale oil deposits in the Bakken region of North Dakota.

Bakken oil production grew from 143,000 barrels per day (bbd) in Nov. 2007 to 1.2 million bpd in Nov. 2015over a 700% increase in eight years. (1 barrel = 42 gallons.)Rail shipments of crude oil in the U.S. increased from 9,500 carloads in 2008 to over 493,000 carloads in 2013a nearly 5,100% increase. (Each rail carload contains approx. 725 barrels of crude oil, according to the Assoc. of American Railroads.)

Fracking, the oil boom and increase in crude oil transport

Bakken-to-East Coast Virtual Pipeline Route Crude Oil Trains, Barges and Ships

As industry has extracted more oil, it has employed a virtual pipeline of trains, barges, and ships to get Bakken crude from North Dakota and Canada to coastal refineries.

Approximately 20-25% of these rail shipments are destined for east coast refineries in the New Jersey, Philadelphia, and Delaware area. All of this crude oil travels through New York, either by rail or barge (Mouwad, 2014).

Having a major source of oil in the center of the continent is new.

Most U.S. refineries were built on the coasts to receive shipments of crude oil from abroad.

Crude oil from North Dakota and Canada is transported by rail, barge and ship to refineries on both coasts via a virtual pipeline.

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Hudson Valley Crude Oil ThoroughfareUp to 4.84 billion gallons shipped Per Year (more than 10 million gallons per day)

2 unit trains/day on CSX Hudson lineApprox. 3M gal. per train, 125 tank cars Philadelphia-area refineries

1 barge/day from Global Partners Albany terminal Approx. 4M gal. per barge New Jersey refineries

8 million gallons per week x 52

3655

Global Terminal Buckeye Terminal

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Crude Oil = Unrefined Petroleum Before 2012, little or no crude oil was sent through the Hudson ValleyTar Sands Crude

Photo: Ben Garvin

Bakken Crude

Crude oil is unrefined petroleum extracted from the ground, including from fracked shale deposits and Canadian tar sands.

Crude oil is different from home heating fuel, diesel fuel, gasoline, ethanol or any of the other refined petroleum products that are currently being shipped on the Hudson River.

In the U.S. and Canada, new sources of crude oil are located in remote areas far from refineries, necessitating long distance transport of crude.7

Crude Oil Transport RisksTrain derailment of Bakken crude oilCould lead to devastating explosions and fire and/or discharges of oil to adjacent waterways, including the Hudson River or its tributaries.On-Water Spill of Bakken crude oilFederal spill responders have said that the best case spill response would only recover 20-25% of the oil.On-Water Spill of Tar Sands crude oil Federal spill responders have said the best case spill response for heavy, sinking oil would be 5% recovery.Pipeline Spill of crude oil or refined productsFrequency and spill quantities much greater than other forms of transport.

Derailments have triggered chemical spills and massive blasts like one in July in Columbus, Ohio, that blew up with such intensity that one witness said it "looked like the sun exploded." Some communities with busy railways are beginning to regard the tankers as a serious threat to public safety.

Crude is a nasty material, very destructive when it spills into the environment, and very toxic when it contacts humans or animals. Its not even useful for energy, or anything else, until its chemically processed, or refined, into suitable products like naphtha, gasoline, heating oil, kerosene, asphaltics, mineral spirits, natural gas liquids, and a host of others.

Five out of the ten largest oil spills in U.S. history were from boats8

ProposedPilgrim Pipelines- a new risk

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Pilgrim Pipelines Basics

Two parallel pipelines are proposed to run from Albany, NY for 170 miles, more or less parallel to the NYS Thruway, from Albany (79%), connecting to distribution points along the way, before turning east at I-287 to reach refineries in and near New Jersey.

One pipeline would carry crude oil south to these refineries, and the other would carry refined products north (e.g., gasoline, kerosene, diesel and heating oil).

Each would be 20 inches in diameter with a 200,000 bpd (8.4 million gallons) carrying capacity.

The northbound pipeline could be reversed to carry crude in both pipelines.

In New York, the pipelines would cut through 31 towns, cities, villages in Rensselaer, Albany, Greene, Ulster, Orange, and Rockland Counties.

The Pilgrim Pipelines project would also construct:

Five lateral pipelines along the route, connecting to the Buckeye terminal in Albany (over 1 mile long); the IPT Rensselaer Terminal (.71 miles long); terminals in the Town of Bethlehem (.33 miles long); the Buckeye Roseton Terminal (over 7 miles long); and the Global Newburgh Terminal (about 4.5 miles long). 35 permanent access roads and many temporary access roads at 1-mile intervals along the entire route.Block valves at a maximum of 10 miles apart.4 pump stations in Albany (.17 acre), the Town of East Greenbush (nearly .5 acre), the Town of Ulster (.85 acre), and the Town of Woodbury (over 2 acres).7 contractor and pipe yards for the duration of construction.

Backyards in New Baltimore

Farmland Impacted

Backyards in Kingston

The Company: Who is Pilgrim Pipeline Holdings, LLC?

Pilgrim Pipeline Holdings LLC (the parent company) based in New Jersey, and Pilgrim Transportation of New York (its subsidiary), were created for this project. The company itself has no track record, and the company from which its leadership is drawnKoch Industrieshas a checkered past:

In January, 2000, Koch Industries, Inc., was made to pay the largest civil fine ever imposed under federal environmental law at that timea $30 million civil penaltyto resolve claims related to more than 300 oil spills from its pipelines and oil facilities in six states.

The Company: Who is Pilgrim Pipeline Holdings, LLC?Pilgrim President Errol B. Boyle, former President, Koch Shipping, Inc.

Pilgrim Vice President for Operations, Roger L. Williams, former President Koch Oil Company and former Vice President of Koch Industries

The third principal on the team is Pilgrim Vice President for Development. George J. Bochis, a former executive and lawyer for a Florida-based real estate investment trust.

Pilgrim claims that the pipelines project would be a safer alternative to rail and bargeFACT: The pipelines would involve serious environmental risks and costs to the communities through which they would run.

When we look at the modes of transportation, our industry the oil and gas industry we take an all of the above approach. (Robin Rorick, Group Director, Midstream and Industry Operations for the American Petroleum Institute)

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Pick Your Poison: Pipelines, Rail, or Vessel

Pipeline spills are inevitable (Forbes, April 2014).

From 2004 to 2012, pipelines spilled three times the oil that trains did over the same period (International Energy Administration).

The 2003-2013 period witnessed 1,880 crude oil pipeline incidents (on average, about one every other day), resulting in 44 million gallons spilled, 26 fatalities and 56 injuries, and over $2.5 billion in property damage. (PHMSA)

New pipelines are failing at a higher rate than the oldest pipelines (1940s and earlier). ttps://www.snl.com/InteractiveX/Article.aspx?cdid=A-33791090-11060

http://business.financialpost.com/news/energy/pipelines-spill-three-times-as-much-oil-as-trains-iea?__lsa=480d-9110

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Why Pipelines arent SaferPhoto: The AdvocatePhoto: pbs.org

Pipeline problems and pipeline spills can go undetected, particularly when underground.

Pipeline spills can release much larger quantities of oil.

Pipeline infrastructure has insufficient regulatory oversight.

There are multiple ways that pipelines can be compromised.

PHMSA data indicates that 44% of pipeline leaks are due to non-technology factors. Examples: excavation damage, natural force damage, and incorrect operation.

Preliminary results showing the pipe lost nearly half the metal near the break vastly underestimated just how thin the pipe had becomePIG = pipeline inspection gauge (shown in the photo) Cathodic Protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the anode.19

Author (A) - Too small and too many colors to mean anything. Consider giving it a full slide if it is really important.

The bathtub curve: just because its new doesnt mean its safe

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Kalamazoo RiverMichigan, 2009

843,000 gallons of tar sands crude

35 miles of river

Cleanup at $2B+

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Tioga, North DakotaSeptember 2013 Farmer finds 865,200 gallons of fracked oil spilled onto his property from a pipeline leak, covering the equivalent of seven football fields. One of the largest spills in state history, soils were contaminated to a depth of 30 feet. Photo: John Wathen, Hurricane Creekkeeper

Source: Neal LauronThe Pilgrim pipelines would threaten working farms along the NYS Thruway right-of-way.

Train was carrying 2.7 million gallons, unknown how much spilled into wetlands

Get rid of22

Santa Barbara, CaliforniaMay 2015 Pipeline breach spilled ~105,000 gallons of crude oil near the coastline of southern Santa Barbara County, contaminating Refugio State Beach. Photo: The AdvocatePhoto: pbs.org

Source: KTLA~21,000 gallons passed through storm drain to ocean$3 million/day. $62 million as of 6/10/15

Source: LA Times

Too early to tell how much the clean up will cost (already over $62 million) Amount spilled is only an estimate and the 21,000 gallon estimate has been said to be extremely low24-inch Las Flores to Gaviota pipeline runs about 11 miles soiled 60 miles of scenic coastline Spill coated dozens of marine animals in crude oil, including seals, dolphins, and birds, many of which diedcommercial fisherman has filed a federal lawsuit seeking class-action certification for affected businesses

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What Went Wrong in Santa Barbara? The Smart Pig Didnt Work!Photo: The AdvocatePhoto: pbs.orgDevices (e.g., Smart PIGs) used to detect corrosion not always effective, especially in high corrosion areas.

Possibility of human error in analyzing the results of tests.

Preliminary PIG results showing that the pipe had lost half its metal near the break vastly underestimated just how thin the pipeline had become.

Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG). Source: PPSA

Preliminary results showing the pipe lost nearly half the metal near the break vastly underestimated just how thin the pipe had becomePIG = pipeline inspection gauge (shown in the photo) Cathodic Protection (CP) is a technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell. A simple method of protection connects the metal to be protected to a more easily corroded "sacrificial metal" to act as the anode.24

Resources at RiskThe Pilgrim pipelines would cross the Hudson River (2x), Wallkill River, Catskill, Moodna, Rondout, and Esopus Creeks and other Hudson tributaries. Crosses 232 regulated streams, and an additional 25 surface resources crossed by laterals (DEC, 2015).Upstate Groundwater: crosses numerous groundwater resources used for drinking water.296 wetland crossings (Pilgrim Pipeline DEIS).A minimum of 600 acres of forest (Pilgrim DEIS).Impacts to a minimum of 27 state and federally listed endangered species (Pilgrim DEIS).Many working farms adjacent to the Thruway.

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Resources at Risk: Drinking Water SuppliesOver 100,000 people draw their water from the Hudson River (Poughkeepsie, Lloyd, Hyde Park, Rhinebeck, Port Ewen and Highland)

3 million people would be threatened because the Ramapo Valley aquifer is their sole source aquifer (Tuxedo, Harriman, Sloatsburg, northern NJ)

Crosses the Delaware and Catskill Aqueduct, which supplies drinking water to 9 million New Yorkers

5.4 million people get all or some drinking water from NJ Highlands.

Over 3 million people in northern NJ use surface and groundwater of Passaic River Basin for their drinking water; PP would cut across Passaic River and Buried Valley Aquifer in multiple locations (Matt)

Over 26,500 local residents in New Jersey drink water from the Rahway River, also crossed by the Pilgrim Pipelines

Pipeline Construction Impacts

Impacts on homeowners : Noise and air impacts associated with clear-cutting, blasting and drilling, and construction vehicle traffic, among others

Construction across key waterbodies including important tributaries to the Hudson River (e.g., Wallkill River, Quassaic and Moodna Creeks)

Wetland disturbance: federal and state

Stormwater impacts due to vegetation removal

Potential impairment of sensitive aquifers on which residents depend for drinking water

Destruction of habitat

Destruction of forest, soils and bedrock

Other Community Costs & Impacts of Pilgrim PipelinesCondemnation - A minimum of a 168 properties could be subject to taking by eminent domain to allow for the construction of the pipeline and related infrastructure.

First responder preparedness costs

Homeowners insurance premiums - Presence of an oil pipeline can cause homeowners insurance premiums to rise for that property and potentially for adjacent properties.

Spill clean-up costs and damages

Impact on property values, not only as a result of a spill, but even because of proximity to an oil pipeline (lower property values means lower property tax revenue)

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Pilgrim implies their pipelines will reduce other modes of transportFACT : The pipelines would add crude oil transport capacity, not replace rail and marine transport. If there is a global demand for it, more crude oil will move through New York, increasing the risks to New Yorkers.

Pilgrim has not designed the pipelines to be big enough to end both rail and river transport.

The bomb trains traveling south through New York on their way to Philadelphia Energy Solutions (PES), the largest east coast refinery and largest consumer of Bakken crude in the country, will not be served by this pipeline. PES has a rail capacity of two 125-unit trains.

No one can require that rail or vessel transport be moved to the pipelines. It will depend on the choices that the industry makes, which no one can predict.

When we look at the modes of transportation, our industry the oil and gas industry we take an all of the above approach. Robin Rorick, who oversees transportation of oil and gas from well to market for the American Petroleum Institute.

It is just as likely that the building of Pilgrim Pipelines will increase the amount of oil being transported down the Hudson Valley, increasing the risk to the Hudson Valley.

Two-thirds of Bakken crude is now transported to East Coast refineries by rail, demonstrating the industrys preference for the extensive network and increased flexibility of rail as compared with pipelines.

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The bottom line: The Pilgrim Pipelines would increase the risk of spill or other accident in New York.

It is just as likely that the building of Pilgrim Pipelines will increase the amount of oil being transported down the Hudson Valley, increasing the risks to Hudson Valley communities.

Crude-by-rail traffic to Albany could grow as well with the added transport capacity of the pipelines.

Pilgrim Claims their Pipelines will meet New Yorkers Need for a More Reliable Fuel Supply.

Energy security = reducing fossil fuel dependence through improved efficiency and investments in local, renewable sources

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Are New Yorkers demanding more refined products made from crude oil?

One of the significant trends affecting U.S. refiners is the declining demand for refined petroleum products in U.S. markets. Consumption of refined products in the U.S. has fallen from 18.7 million barrels per day in 2005 to 16.4 million barrels per day recently, a decline of roughly 2.5 million barrels per day or 13%. --American Petroleum Institute, 2014

Answer: No!

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New Yorkers Energy security =

Reducing fossil fuel dependence through improved efficiency and investments in local, renewable sources

Will the pipelines mean cheaper fuel for New Yorkers?From the American Petroleum Institute:

Crude oil and petroleum products are global commodities and, as such, their prices are determined by supply and demand factors on a worldwide basis. They are shipped from many sources to many markets.

Answer: No!

Exporting Crude OilWith the export ban lifted, Pilgrim Pipelines could enable more crude oil from the Bakken region and Canada to be exported to the world market.

New York Harbor, the largest petroleum products hub in the Northeast, has the capacity to store over 75 million barrels of petroleum products. (U.S. Energy Information Agency).

Net US Exports IncreasingOver the past decade, domestic refinery output of petroleum products has grown significantly while consumption has declined, resulting in a major increase in product exports. Petroleum product exports averaged 4.1 million barrels per day (b/d) in the first four months of the year, an increase of 0.5 million b/d over exports the same time last year. Product imports are also higher than last year, but to a lesser extent, leading to an increase in net petroleum product exports. EIA, July 8 2015

Pilgrim claims that its pipelines project will be good for the climate.

NASA

Climate Impacts of Pilgrim PipelinesMore oil transported encourages more fossil fuel extraction, accelerating climate change.

The Obama administration rejected the Keystone XL pipeline because of its effects on climate change. So should New York. ...A decision to approve this proposed Project would undermine U.S. objectives on climate change; it could call into question internationally the broader efforts of the United States to transition to less-polluting forms of energy and would raise doubts about the U.S. resolve to do so. (U.S. Dept. of State, Record of Decision and National Interest Determination, TransCanada Keystone Pipeline)

Bakken Shale Boom or Bust? Will the Climate be Helped by Over Investment of Fossil Fuel Infrastructure?

A recent report by CNBC (Jan. 2016) suggests that half of U.S. shale oil producers could go bankrupt because of the comparatively high costs of shale oil production, even if oil prices rise again.

"Half of the current producers have no legitimate right to be in a business where the price forecast even in a recovery is going to be between, say, $50, $60, said Fadel Gheit, a senior oil and gas analyst for Oppenheiner & Co. They need $70 oil to survive.

New York risks becoming a victim of over-investment in crude oil infrastructure with a life span of 50-100 years, diverting investment away from essential transitioning to renewable energy.

New Yorks Vision of its Energy Future Does not Include Pilgrims Pipelines

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Cuomo Climate Change Commitments

NY targets: reduce carbon emissions by 40% in 2030 and 80% by 2050 below 1990 levels.

Reforming the Energy Vision (REV)

Phase out coal power plants by 2020

50% Renewable Energy in Electricity and reduce GHG emissions 40% by 2030

500,000 homes retrofitted for energy efficiency

300 wind turbines; 150,000 new solar panels; $1.5 billion in clean energy finance for state owned buildings

$32 billion for Climate mitigation & adaptation in 2016 budget

18 New York communities pass resolutions opposing the pipelines before a permit application for the project was filed.City of KingstonCornwall EsopusMarbletown New Paltz, Town of* New Paltz, Village ofNewburgh, City of* Newburgh, Town of*Plattekill*

34 New Jersey Municipal Resolutions also passed

Red Hook Rhinebeck* Rochester Rosendale* Saugerties (No confidence resolution)Tuxedo ParkUlster County*WawarsingWoodstock* www.stoppilgrimpipeline.com

Pilgrim Pipelines: The Permitting ProcessNo federal agency with overarching authority to permit oil pipelines as FERC does with gas pipelines.

Multiple approvals and permits are required from 5 Federal and 1o state agencies and 38 county, town and village governments.

Before any permits can be granted, a full environmental review of all of the projects environmental impacts is required, pursuant to governing state and federal law (SEQR/ NEPA).

Author (A) - Little did we know!Overview of the SEQR Process

Lead Agency Designation of the more than 60 lead agencies, who will oversee the environmental review process?Determination of Significance - does the proposed project have the potential for significant environmental impacts?Scoping what should the environmental impact study be required to consider? What impacts, alternatives, mitigation?Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) who prepares? Who reviews? Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) and Findings needed before any involved agency can make a decision to issue an approval or permit

Opportunities for Public Input and Advocacy

Where are we and where do we go from here?

Aug. 7, 2015: Pilgrim submitted an application to the NYS Thruway Authority for a Use and Occupancy permit to construct the pipeline within the Thruways right-of-way, triggering a State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) of the project.

Nov. 16, the NYS Thruway Authority notified involved agencies in the review of its intention to serve as lead agency in the environmental review. (An involved agency is any agency or municipality with permitting authority over some aspect of the project.)

Municipalities Have Already Taken Action

Between Nov. 16 and Dec. 17: 29 municipalities that are involved agencies denied their consent to Thruway Authority lead agency, and urged the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation to serve in this capacity.

Dec. 21: The NYS DEC sent a letter to the Thruway Authority recommending that DEC be a co-lead agency. The same day, the Thruway Authority sent a letter to DEC accepting the proposal.

Early Jan., 2016: The City of Kingston and the Town of Rosendale deny consent to lead agency, arguing that only DEC meets the SEQR criteria for review of this project. The Towns of Cornwall and New Paltz formally request that the DEC Commissioner resolve the lead agency dispute, and express their willingness to serve as lead agency if necessary.

Next Steps in the SEQR ProcessResolving the lead agency dispute - the DEC Commissioner has 20 days after receiving comments from involved agencies to decide.

Release of a draft Scope (the table of contents for the DEIS)

Because opportunity for public input on the scope may be limited, get ready to comment now. Gather information re impacts of concern to you and your town. Particularly important to identify local impacts.

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Pilgrims Application to Use the NYS Thruway Right-of-WayPilgrim proposes to be 79% of its pipelines on Thruway Authority property. If the Thruway Authority denies permission for use of its right-of-way, the viability of project will be in question.

The Thruway Authority cannot grant Pilgrim the use of its right of way without approval from both the NYS Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration.

Pilgrim must seek a exception to the Agreement between Federal Highway Administration and NYS Department of Transportation which only allows communications utilities to longitudinally occupy NYS Thruway property.

Criteria that NYSTA and FHWA must consider in deciding whether to grant an exception include project need, public use, highway and traffic safety, disruption during installation, etc.

Opportunities for public input in this process, other than through SEQR, are not identified.

Pilgrim is seeking a longitudinal occupancy, discouraged by NYSTA.

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4 Actions We Can Takeon Pilgrim Pipelines

Become involved in the environmental review process yourself and encourage your elected representatives to be involved as well. Submit comments on the scope of that review and what impacts and alternatives must be considered, including climate impacts.

Write to the Governor and the NYS Thruway Authority and Department of Transportation and urge them to deny Pilgrim the ability to use the Thruway right of way for their pipelines.

Work in your community to introduce and pass County and local/municipal resolutions opposing Pilgrim Pipelines and a zoning ordinance prohibiting oil pipelines that do not bring products or services to town residents.

Join the Coalition Against Pilgrim Pipelines email list and weekly phone calls to join the grassroots opposition. www.stoppilgrimpipeline.com

Change indent symbol, add ask50

Why a town resolution can make a difference?

A resolution by the Town Board opposed to the pipelines that directs the sending of letters to the NYS Thruway Authority, the Department of Transportation and other regulators, combined with those of many other Towns, could:

Influence their decision about granting or denying access to the Thruway right of way;Impact decisions that Pilgrim makes re route selection;Result in a more comprehensive environmental review process being required by state and federal regulators;Send a message to investors in the pipelines that this is not a good capital investment for them. Without investors, the Pilgrim pipelines project may fail to move forward.

Article 7 of New York Transportation Corporations Law deals with pipeline corporations. http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/TCP/7.

Section 83, copied below, addresses the condemnation of real property:

In case such corporation is unable to agree for the purchase of any real property required for the purposes of its incorporation, and its route in the county in which such real property is situated has been finally located, it shall have the right to acquire title thereto by condemnation, but such corporation shall not locate its route or construct any line of pipe through or under any building, dooryard, lawn, garden or orchard, except by the consent of the owner thereof in writing duly acknowledged, nor through any cemetery or burial ground, nor within one hundred feet of any building except where such line is authorized by public officers to be laid across or upon any public highway. No such corporation shall lay or construct its line of pipe through or under a street in any city, unless it shall first obtain the consent of a majority of the owners of property abutting on that portion of the street in which its pipe line is to be laid. Such pipe line shall be laid with reasonable care and prudence.

Section 80 lays out what constitutes a pipeline corporation:

A pipe line corporation is a corporation organized to construct and operate for public use, wholly within or partly without this state, except in the city of New York, lines of pipe for conveying or transporting therein petroleum, gas, liquids or any products or property, or, except in such city, to maintain and operate for public use for which such purposes lines of pipe already constructed.

Article 1 of the transportation corporations law deals with the formation of transportation corporations:

(a) A transportation corporation may be formed under this chapter, in accordance with the procedure for the formation of corporations set forth in article four of the business corporation law, by delivering to the department of state for filing a certificate of incorporation entitled "Certificate of incorporation of . . . (name of corporation) pursuant to section three of the transportation corporations law". (b) In addition to the statements prescribed by section four hundred two of the business corporation law, a certificate of incorporation of a transportation corporation shall designate the particular kind of transportation corporation to be formed, and shall state: 1. If a gas corporation, an electric corporation, or a gas and electric corporation, the county or counties in which its operations are to be carried on; 2. If a telegraph corporation, a telephone corporation, or a telegraph and telephone corporation, the territory in which its operations are to be carried on; 3. If a water-works corporation, the cities, towns and villages to be supplied with water, and that the consent of the authorities of such cities, towns and villages required by this chapter has been obtained, and that such consent has been annexed thereto; 5. If a ferry corporation, the places from and to which the ferry is to run; 6. If a pipe line corporation, the places from and to which the pipe line is to be maintained, as nearly as practicable, and the county or counties through which or in which it is to be maintained and operated; 7. If a freight terminal corporation, the limits of the locality in which its operations are to be carried on; 8. If a district steam corporation, the cities, towns and villages to be supplied with steam and that the consent of the authorities of such cities, towns and villages required by this chapter has been obtained, and that such consent has been annexed thereto.51

Further Information and Resources on Pilgrim Pipelines

Further information available at stoppilgrimpipeline.com and riverkeeper.org/crude.

Kate Hudson, Riverkeeper khudson@riverkeeper.org

Citizens for Local Power localpowerny@gmail.com

THANK YOU!