WATER POLLUTION

is the contamination of water bodies.

form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Pollution in Surface Water

Ground Water Pollutioncaused due to natural,

agricultural, industrial and other man-made sources.

Human and Environmental Health

Effects

Fertilizer, animal manure, and waste-treatment plant effluent all contain nutrients that stimulate

excessive plant and algal growth in freshwater bodies.

water is contaminated, it is difficult, expensive, and sometimes impossible to remove pollutants.

Prevention and Abatement

ccurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects

result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles,

industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms.

Solid Waste Pollution in Marine Waters

While marine pollution can be obvious, as with the marine debris shown above, it is often the pollutants that cannot be seen that cause most harm.

Ecosystems can be severely affected or damaged by water pollution. Contamination of groundwater from pesticides causes damage to the reproductive system in the wildlife ecosystem.  Affects microbial population.

Effects of Water Pollutionin Ecosystem

When sewage water, agricultural run-off that contain organic materials are discharged into fresh water, causes increase in the growth of algae in turn causing oxygen depletion. Low levels of oxygen in rivers and lakes due to water pollution are a major cause for extinction of indigenous organisms.

Destruction in ecosystem is caused due to the rise in temperature in water like the coral reefs are affected by the bleaching effect due to warmer temperatures. Water pollution kills life that inhabits the water-based ecosystem, disrupting the natural food chain. 

Ground water and surface water are contaminated with heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and nutrients.

  Imbalance in host-parasite relations in the ecosystem, changing the food webs and food chain. 

Steep increase in the BOD[Biological Oxygen Demand] levels of water. 

Deposition of hazardous chemicals in soil leads to soil infertility. 

Effects on Animal Health Water pollution kills life that depends on these water bodies.  

Fishes and the aquatic organisms are poisoned due to industrial chemicals and agricultural pesticides.  Incidences of diseases increase. Reproduction rate in reduced in aquatic organisms.

Human litter let into water system gets the aquatic animals caught and can get killed due to suffocation. 

Oil spills in water causes animals to die as they ingest it or come across it. Oil cannot be dissolved in water so it causes suffocation in fish and birds.

  Incidences of diseases increase.

Animals that eat dead fish from contaminated streams are affected.  Fish, birds, dolphins and many other animals are killed by pollutants in their habitat. Reproduction rate in reduced in aquatic organisms. Incidences of diseases increase.

Bioaccumulative and non-biodegradable pesticides are accumulated in animal bodies. 

Biomagnification of hazards chemicals like organochlorine pesticides like DDT, BHC, Endrin.

Humans are affected by water pollution. Diseases like hepatitis are caused by eating seafood that is poisoned or contaminated.

  frequent outbreaks of cholera and diseases due to poor drinking water quality from contaminated waters. 

Effects on Human Health

 Swimming and drinking in contaminated water can causes skin diseases and also can lead to cancer, reproductive problems, typhoid fever and stomach ailments in humans.

harm internal organs like heart and kidneys. 

heavy metals poisoning due to consumption of contaminated fish. For example : Mercury poisoning interferes with the nervous system development in foetuses and young children.  Polluted drinking water can causes cholera or typhoid infections and also diarrhea.

Highly polluted water can harm internal organs like heart and kidneys. 

Pesticide contamination of ground water can cause endocrine and reproductive problems to animals and humans.

Sewage contamination carries harmful pathogens and causes disease outbreak.

Chemicals like fluoride, arsenic, lead, chlorine and petrochemicals in water can causes adverse effect on human health.

Synthetic organics cause serious damage to human health.

Water borne diseases like hepatitis, cholera, dysentry and typhoid are common and affect large populations in the tropical regions. 

Pesticides like organophosphates and carbonates affect and damage the nervous system and are carcinogenic.

Lead accumulation in the body can affect the central nervous system,putting children and pregnant women at high risk.

Excess of fluorides causes yellowing of teeth and damage to spinal cord and other crippling diseases.

Arsenic poisoning cause serious liver and nervous system damage, vascular disease and skin cancer. 

Nitrate contamination can prove fatal for infants as it can restrict the oxygen to the reach the brain causing the 'blue-baby' syndrome. It can also cause digestive tract cancers and eutrophication in water bodies. 

Water Quality Indicators

‘’Physical indicators’’•Water Temperature

• Specifics Conductance or EC, Electrical

Conductance, Conductivity

Environmental indicators

Total suspended solids (TSS)

Transparency or Turbidity

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

Odour of waterColor of waterTaste of water

•pH•Biochemical oxygen demand

(BOD)•Chemical oxygen demand

(COD)•Dissolved oxygen (DO)•Total hardness (TH)

Chemical indicators

Heavy metalsNitrate

OrthophosphatesPesticides Surfactants

•Ephemeroptera•Plecoptera•Mollusca

•Trichoptera•Escherichia coli (E. coli)

•Coliform bacteria

Biological indicators

Control of Water Pollution

Refrain from the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on your lawn and gardens.

Always dispose of paints, motor oil, gasoline, antifreeze and other harmful chemicals in accordance with your local laws and safety regulations.

using non-toxic soaps, detergents and cleaning products.

Prevent polluted runoff and soil erosion.

''THE END''

Power Point Presentation of:Sheryl A. RenojoCourse:BEEd IITopic:Water Pollution