International BaccalaureateInternational BaccalaureateInternational BaccalaureateInternational Baccalaureate

Water Water PollutionPollutionWater Water PollutionPollution

IntroductionIntroduction

• What Causes Water Pollution?What Causes Water Pollution?

– Human ActivitiesHuman Activities

• EverythiEverything we put in waterng we put in water

• EverythiEverything we do to the waterng we do to the water

EverythiEverything We Put in Waterng We Put in WaterEverythiEverything We Put in Waterng We Put in Water

• SolidSolid

• SewageSewage

• Fertilizers and PesticidesFertilizers and Pesticides

• Oil Oil

SOLID POLLUTIONSOLID POLLUTIONEverything We Put in the Water

Solid PollutionSolid Pollution

Things we put in the water:

–Cans

–Bags

–Bottles

–Plastic

–Paper

Solid Pollution EffectsSolid Pollution Effects

• Blocks the sun’s rays

• Water becomes inhabitable to fish

• Causes an unbalance in ecosystem

SEWAGESEWAGEEverything We Put in the Water

SewageSewage

• What is Sewage?

– Sewage refers to liquid wastes containing a mixture of human wastes and wastewater from non-industrial human activities

• In Many poor areas of the world, sewage remains untreated

Sewage EffectsSewage Effects

• Risk to Human Health– As a Result 1.5 Millions Deaths Occur

• Destroys Marine’s Ecosystems– Harming Fish’s Ability of Reproducing– Eutrophication– Can Increase the Turbidity and Sediments– Fish’s Overall Population

FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDESFERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES

Everything We Put in the Water

FertilizersFertilizers

• Materials Used to Provide Plant Nutrients– Contain Essential Ingridients Plants Need – It Can Also be Found in Spray Forms

• Types of Fertilizers– Complete inorganic fertilizers – Special purpose fertilizer – Liquid fertilizers– Slow-release fertilizer– Fertilizer with insecticide

PesticidesPesticides

• 'Pesticide' is a broad term, covering a range of products that are used to control pests.

•Farmers Use Pesticides to:– Protect crops– Prevent animals and insects from

contaminating in foods– safeguard human health

Effects of Fertilizers and PesticidesEffects of Fertilizers and Pesticides

• Eutrophication

• Pollution of water

• Suffocation

• Death of living

organisms

• Diseases on humans

OIL POLLUTIONOIL POLLUTIONEverything We Put in the Water

Oil PollutionOil Pollution

• The worst impacts from oil use is during shipping.

Oil Pollution (Gallons Per Year)

Effects of Oil PollutionEffects of Oil Pollution

• Thousands of Animals Die Immediately– 250,000-500,000 Seabirds– 1,000 Otters– 300 Harbor Seals– 250 Bald Eagles– 22 Orcas

• Destruction of Billions:– Salmons– Herring Eggs

• Sound Pollution

• Desalination

• Electricity Generation

Human Activities

SOUND POLLUTIONSOUND POLLUTIONHuman Activities

Sound PollutionSound Pollution

• Travels 4 times faster than air

• Speed of sound in water 1230 m/s

• It’s louder and it travels for bigger distances

Effects of Sound PollutionEffects of Sound Pollution

• Navigation Problems

• Communication Problems

DESALINATIONDESALINATIONHuman Activities

DesalinationDesalination• Brine in Water

– Natural Compound– 40,000 ppm

Effects of DesalinationEffects of Desalination

– Low Oxygen Concentration

– Dead Zones

ELECTRICITY GENERATINGELECTRICITY GENERATING

Human Activities

Electricity GeneratorsElectricity Generators• Electric Power Plants

– Coal, Oil, or Natural Gas is burned or nuclear fuels undergo fission to release huge amount of energy

– heat turns water to steam, which in turn spins turbines to produce electricity

– the spent steam must be cooled and condensed back into water

– the water used for cooling warms 5 to 10 Celsius degrees

Effects of Electricity GeneratingEffects of Electricity Generating

• Increase in the Temperature of Water

• Increases the metabolic rate of fish

• Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

• Temperature Increase

• Eutrophication

• Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen

• Dead Zones

• Coral Bleaching

• Global Warming

What Are The Outcomes?

LowDissolvedOxygen

LowDissolvedOxygen

Decreased Fish

Population

Decreased Fish

Population

SuffocatedFish

SuffocatedFish

Altered Food Web

Altered Food Web

TEMPERATUREINCREASETEMPERATUREINCREASE

Effects on Water

Temperature IncreaseTemperature Increase

• Aquatic life adapted to a certain water temperature can go into shock if temperature is increased by 1 or 2 oC (Global Warming)

• Increasing the rate of photosynthesis, which increases the amount of plant growth, developing eutrophic conditions

• Increasing the metabolic rate of fish, which increases their need of oxygen

• Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species

Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species

Open dot - Best Temprature for spawningOpen dot - Best Temprature for spawning

Solid blocks – Preferred Temperature RangeSolid blocks – Preferred Temperature Range

EUTROPHICATIONEUTROPHICATIONWater Effects

EutrophicationEutrophication• 20 million tonnes (=17%) of that is retained

in the food we eat, with the rest washed away into rivers and out to sea.

• Explosive blooms of algae (= tiny marine plants), sink to the seabed and decompose, using up all the oxygen and suffocating other marine life.

DECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGENDECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Water Effects

Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen

DEAD ZONESDEAD ZONESEffects on Water

Dead ZonesDead Zones

CORAL BLEACHINGCORAL BLEACHINGEffects on Water

Coral BleachingCoral Bleaching

• Coral Bleaching refers to the loss of colour of corals due to...

•Causes of Coral Bleaching– Temperature– Solar Irradiance– Sedimentation– Fresh Water Dilution– Inorganic Nutrients

Effects of Coral BleachingEffects of Coral Bleaching• Destroys the habitat of marine

organisms

• Slow growth of some populations

• Creates an unbalance in the Ecosystem

GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMINGEffects on Water

Global WarmingGlobal Warming•An increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere•This is done my releasing a vast amount of CO2 to the atmosphere•A change of temperature of 1-2oC can dramatically change everything:Violent Storms:

Distracts and Destroy our environment.

Climate Shifts:Change in temperature in our season.

Flora and Fauna:Extinctions.

Effects on Humans:No Natural Fresh Water, Fresh area and a HOT environment.

• Reduce the amount of waste you create.

• Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED.

• Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution.

Solutions to Water Pollution

• No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides

• Use them safely and effectively

• Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway

• Prevent soil erosion

Solutions to Water Pollution

• MARPOL (for MARine POLlution)

• Safer oil tankers

• Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds

• Produce less waste heat

• Cogeneration

Solutions to Water Pollution

"Hundreds of millions of people depend on the marine environment for food, for their livelihoods

and for their cultural fulfillment. Unless urgent action is taken to tackle the sources of the

problem, it is likely to escalate rapidly."

Dr. YK PhD

Conclusion