International Baccalaureates IIInternational Baccalaureates IIWater PollutionWater Pollution

IntroductionIntroduction

• What Causes Water Pollution?

– Human’s Activities

• Everything that humans allow to be entered in the water

• Activities which humans do which result in water pollution

Human’s ImportationHuman’s Importation

• Solid• Sewage• Fertilizers and Pesticides• Oil

SOLID POLLUTIONSOLID POLLUTIONHuman’s Importation

Solid PollutionSolid Pollution

Things we put in the water are:

–Cans–Bags–Bottles–Plastic–Paper

Solid Pollution EffectsSolid Pollution Effects

• Blocks the sun’s rays

• Water becomes unstable to humans and animals

• Causes marine life to suffer and actually die

SEWAGESEWAGEHuman’s Importation

SewageSewage

• What is Sewage?

– Sewage refers to liquid wastes containing a mixture of human wastes and wastewater from non-industrial human activities

• In Many poor areas of the world, sewage remains untreated

Solid Pollution EffectsSolid Pollution Effects

• Risk to Human Health– As a Result 1.5 Millions Deaths Occur

• Destroys Marine’s Ecosystems– Harming Fish’s Ability of Reproducing– Eutrofication– Can Increase the Turbidity and Sediments– Fish’s Overall Population

FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDESFERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES

Human’s Importation

FertilizersFertilizers

• Materials Used to Provide Plant Nutrients– Contain Essential Ingridients Plants Need – It Can Also be Found in Spray Forms

• Types of Fertilizers– Complete inorganic fertilizers – Special purpose fertilizer – Liquid fertilizers– Slow-release fertilizer– Fertilizer with insecticide

PesticidesPesticides

• 'Pesticide' is a broad term, covering a range of products that are used to control pests.

• Farmers Use Pesticides to:– protect crops– Prevent animals and insects from

contaminating foods– safeguard human health

Effects of Fertilizers and PesticidesEffects of Fertilizers and Pesticides

• Eutrophication• Pollution of water• Suffocation • Death of living organisms• Diseases on humans

OIL POLLUTIONOIL POLLUTIONHuman’s Importations

Oil PollutionOil Pollution

• The worst impacts from oil use is during shipping.

Big Spills (37)

Routine Maintenance

(137)

Down the Drain (363)

Up in Smoke (92)

Offshore Drilling (15)

Natural Seeps (62)

Oil Pollution (Gallons Per Year)

Effects of Oil PollutionEffects of Oil Pollution

• Thousands of Animals die immediately– 250,000-500,000 Seabirds– 1,000 Otters– 300 Harbor Seals– 250 Bald Eagles– 22 Orcas

• Destruction of Billions:– Salmons– Herring Eggs

• Sound Pollution

• Desalination

• Electricity Generation

Human Activities

SOUND POLLUTIONSOUND POLLUTIONHuman Activities

Sound PollutionSound Pollution

Effects of Sound PollutionEffects of Sound Pollution

• Navigation Problems

• Communication Problems

DESALINATIONDESALINATIONHuman Activities

DesalinationDesalination• Brine in Water

– Natural Compound– 40,000 ppm

Effects of DesalinationEffects of Desalination

– Low Oxygen Concentration

– Dead Zones

ELECTRICITY GENERATINGELECTRICITY GENERATING

Human Activities

Electricity GeneratorsElectricity Generators

Effects of Electricity GeneratingEffects of Electricity Generating

• Increase in the Temperature of Water• Increases the rate of photosynthesis• Increases the metabolic rate of fish• Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

• Temperature Increase• Eutrophication• Decrease in Dissolved Oxygen• Dead Zones• Coral Bleaching• Global Warming

How Does The Water Get Polluted?

LowDissolvedOxygen

Decreased Fish

Population

SuffocatedFish

Altered Food Web

TEMPERATUREINCREASETEMPERATUREINCREASE

Effects on Water

Temperature IncreaseTemperature Increase• aquatic life adapted to a certain water

temperature can go into shock when the temp is changed even 1 or 2 oC (Global warming)

• Increases the rate of photosynthesis, which increases the amount of plant growth, developing eutrophic conditions

• Increases the metabolic rate of fish, which increases their need of oxygen

• Dissolved Oxygen in water decreases

Solid dot - Upper lethal Limit for a Given species

Open dot - Best Temprature for spawning

Solid blocks – Preferred Temperature Range

EUTROPHICATIONEUTROPHICATIONWater Effects

EutrophicationEutrophication

DECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGENDECREASE IN THE DISSOLVED OXYGEN

Water Effects

Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen

DEAD ZONESDEAD ZONESEffects on Water

Dead ZonesDead Zones

CORAL BLEACHINGCORAL BLEACHINGEffects on Water

Coral BleachingCoral Bleaching

• Coral bleaching refers to the loss of color of corals due to...

•Causes of Coral Bleaching– Temperature– Solar Irradiance– Sedimentation– Fresh Water Dilution– Inorganic Nutrients

Effects of Coral BleachingEffects of Coral Bleaching• Destroys the habitat of marine

organisms• Results in the migration of

organisms to other areas .. slow growth of some populations

• Destruction of food chains and webs

GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMINGEffects on Water

Global WarmingGlobal Warming

• Reduce the amount of waste you create by choosing what rubbish you throw away .

• Before you throw those items away, think about how they can be REUSED.

• Recycling greatly contributes towards improving the environment by reducing solid pollution.

Solutions to Water Pollution

• No overdose of fertilizers and pesticides

• Use them safely and effectively

• Keep fertilizers, leaves and grass clippings off streets and driveway

• Prevent soil erosion

Solutions to Water Pollution

• MARPOL (for MARine POLlution)

• Safer oil tankers

• Pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds

• Produce less waste heat

• Cogeneration

Solutions to Water Pollution

Conclusion