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Slideshow 4 Unit 1
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American History Unit 1, Lecture 4
The American Colonies
Jamestown
• 1st Permanent English Settlement (1607)
• Settled with Headright System – 50 acres for every paid passage
• Survive starving times with help of John Smith
• John Rolfe as first tobacco magnate
• Bacon’s Rebellion
• Indentured Servants eventually replaced with African Slaves
Graves at Jamestown
New England Colonies
Plymouth Colony• Founded by group of
Puritans – People who wanted to “Purify” the Church of England
• 1620 – Pilgrims land at Plymouth
• Mayflower Compact – establishes democracy in colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• Founded by Puritans in 1630 (eventually absorbs Plymouth)
• William Bradford as leader
• “A City on a Hill”• No freedom of religion
or separation of church and state
Other New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Established by Puritan dissenter, Roger Williams
Separation of Church and State, religious Freedom
Anne Hutchinson challenges Puritan authority – flees to Rhode Island
Connecticut
Established by Thomas Hooker
More Religious Freedom
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – seen by many as first written constitution in American
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Native Resistance in New England
• Pequot War – 1637 – Connecticut conflict where most members of Pequot nation are wiped out
• King Philip’s War – 1675- Vicious war between Wampanoag Indians and Plymouth Colony – ended Indian resistance in New England
*Disputes over land mark the key conflict between Native Americans and Whites throughout American History!
Middle Colonies Pennsylvania• Founded by William
Penn, a Quaker• Tolerant of all people• Good Indian Relations• Early opposition to
slavery
New York/New Jersey• Taken by English from
the Dutch• NY becomes thriving,
diverse port city
• Founded as a Catholic haven by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
• Toleration Act assured religious freedom
Maryland
Southern Colonies
Carolina • 1663 after Restoration of
Charles II• Charleston as key port city –
founded in 1680• North and South Carolina
split in 1712• Slaves as key source of labor• Rice production, tobacco,
indigo
Georgia• Buffer to Spanish Florida• James Oglethorpe – 1733• Originally founded as a
military colony with convicts
Other Colonies
• New Hampshire, Delaware.
Map of 13 Colonies
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1. From http://www.ebay.com2. From http://www.mrnussbaum.com