Types of text in english

Created By : Hilda Febrina

Teacher : Leli Yuspita

Class : X MIA 6

Types Of Text In English

09/01/2015 1Types of text in English

Table of Contents

Descriptive Text

Narrative Text

Recount Text

Explanation Text

Procedure Text

Report Text

Analytical

Exposition Text

News Item Text

Spoof Text

Disscussion Text

Review Text

Hortatory

Exposition Text

Anecdot Text


What is Descriptive Text? ‘-’)?

~ Definition of Narrative TextDescriptive text is a text which presents information aboutsomething specifically.~ Example :

* Place* Thing* And many more

* People

1


1.1

Generic Structure of

Descriptive Text

1. Identification : introduce a particular person or thing or place.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text

2. Description : describing physical appearance, quality,

behaviour, etc.

1.2

1.3

1. Using Simple Present Tense

2. Using action verb

3. Using adverb

4. Using special technical terms

4Types of text in English

Example of Descriptive Text

#1 (Place)1.4

The National Monument

The National Monument (or Monument Nasional) is a 132

meters tower in the center of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta. It

symbolizes the fight for Indonesia’s independence. The monument

consist of a 117,7 m obelisk on a 45 m square platform at a height of

17 m.

The towering monument symbolizes the philosophy of

Lingga and Yoni. Lingga resembles, rice pestle (alu) and Yoni

resembles a mortar rice (lesung), two important items in Indonesian

agricultural tradition.

The construction began in 1961 under the direction of

President Soekarno and the monument was opened to the public in

1975. It is topped by a flame covered with gold foil. The monument

and museum is opened daily from 08.00 – 15.00 every day

throughout the week, except for the last Monday of the month the

monument is closed.09/01/2015 5Types of text in English

Identification

Desciption

~ Narrative Text ~

~ Definition of Narrative TextNarrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries

to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative

text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the

narrative through a process narration.

2

~ The Purpose of Narrative TextThe Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a

story.

~ Generic Structure of Narrative Text1. Orientation

Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and

introduces the participants of the story: who and what is

involved in the story.

2.1

2.2

2.3


2. Complication

Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the

crisis (climax) of the main participants.

3. Resolution

The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy

ending or in a sad (tragic) ending.

4. Re-orientation/Coda

This is a closing remark to the story and it is

optional. It consists of a moral lesson, advice or

teaching from the writer.

2.3

2.4

~ Language Feature of Narrative Text1. Using Past Tense

2. Using action verb3. Chronologically arranged


Example of Narrative Text 2.5

The Legend Of Surabaya

A long time ago in East Java there were two strong animals, Sura

and Baya. Sura was a shark and Baya was a crocodile. They lived in a sea.

Actually, they were friends. But when they were hungry, they were very

greedy. They did not want to share their food. They would fight for it and

never stop fighting until one of them gave up.


Orien-tation

Continue>

09/01/2015 Types of text in English 9

c

Resolu-tion 1

Complica-tion 1

It was a very hot day. Sura and Baya were looking for some food.

Suddenly, Baya saw a goat.

“Yummy, this is my lunch,” said Baya.

“No way! This is my lunch. You are greedy! I had not eaten for two

days!” said Sura. Then Sura and Baya fought again.

After several hours, they were very tired. Sura had a plan to stop their

bad behavior.

“I’m tired of fighting, Baya,” said Sura.

“Me too. What should we do to stop fighting? Do you have any idea?”

asked Baya.

“Yes, I do. Let’s share our territory. I live in the water, so I look for

food in the sea. And you live on the land, right? So, you look for the food also

on the land. The border is the beach, so we will never meet again. Do you

agree?” asked Sura.

“Hmm... let me think about it. OK, I agree. From today, I will never

go to the sea again. My place is on the land,” said Baya.

Then they both lived in the different places. But one day, Sura went to

the land and looked for some food in the river. He was very hungry and there

was not much food in the sea. Baya was very angry when he knew that Sura

broke the promise.

“Hey, what are you doing here? This is my place. Your place is in the

sea!”

“But, there is water in the river, right? So, this is also my place!” said

Sura.

Complica-tion 2

Continue>


Then Sura and Baya fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit

Baya's tail. Baya did the same thing to Sura. He bit very hard until Sura finally

gave up. He went back to the sea. Baya was very happy. He had his place

again. The place where they were fighting was a mess. Blood was everywhere.

People then always talked about the fight between Sura and Baya. They then

named the place of the fight as Surabaya, it’s from Sura the shark and Baya the

crocodile. People also put their fight as the symbol of Surabaya city.

Resolu-tion 2

~ Recount Text ~3

~ Definition of Recount TextRecount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative.

~ The Purpose of Recount TextIts purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience.

~ Generic Structure of Recount Text1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time.2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past.Usually presented in chronological order, such as: "In the first day.... And in the next day .... And in the last day ...."3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of thewriter to the story.

3.1

3.2

3.3


~ Example of Recount Text 3.5

SingaporeI want to tell you about my memorable time in Singapore. It was one of

the best holidays I ever had.

I shall never forget the spectacular sight of the city. I saw from Mount

Fable that night. The roller-coaster ride, the stunts performed by the dolphins and

the killer whale at the Sea World were also exciting. I shall remember the thrill of

having been on one of the longest rides in the monorail in Sentosa Island for many

years to come.

I also enjoyed various varieties of seafood at the makeshift roadside stalls

at the Chinatown night market. I also enjoyed the shopping trips. My family and

friends agreed that the souvenirs were value for money, especially the silk scarves

with pretty prints and the attractive key chains.09/01/2015 12Types of text in English

Orien-tation

Event 1

Event 2

~ Language Feature of Recount Text1. Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc

2. Using chronological connection; then, first, etc

3. Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc

4. Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

5. Using simple past tense 3.4

~ Explanation Text ~

~ Definition of Explanation TextExplanation Text is a text that describes the

processes associated with natural phenomena , soisal , science, culture and others . An Explanation text is usually derivedfrom the corresponding author questions ' why ' and 'how ' ofan existing phenomenon.

~ The purpose of Explanation TextThe purpose of the Explanation text is to describe

the processes that occur in the formation or activityassociated with natural phenomena , social , science ,culture , and the other aimed to explain.

4

4.1

4.2


~ Generic Structure of

Explanation Text

Structure of explanation text is as below.1. A general statementIn a general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon tobe discussed, the phenomenon could be the introduction or explanation.

2. A sequenced of explanationA sequenced contains an explanation of the explanation why this phenomenonmay occur or be created. A sequenced of explanation in the form of answers tothe question ' why ' and 'how ' the author when making an Explanation text. Insequenced of explanation may consist of more than one paragraph.

3. ClosingActually closing it is not listed in the generic structure of the Explanation text,but most people assume that the last paragraph of an Explanation text isclosing, but it is part of sequenced of explantaion which contains the final stepdescribed in section sequenced of explanation.

4.3


~ Language Features of Explanation Text1. Using Simple Present Tense

2. Using action verbs

3. Using passive voice

4. Using noun phrase

5. Using adverbial phrase

6. Using technical terms

7. Using general and abstract noun

8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.

4.4

~ Example of Explanation

Text


4.5

How Light Pillar Happen?

Light Pillar is one of the beautiful natural phenomenon. Light

Pillar is a local phenomenon which led to the creation of the pillars of

colorful light. Generally, this phenomenon occurs when the sun is almost

or already immersed. Scientists refer to this phenomenon as the

Incredible Optical Phenomena.

Light Pillar often occurs during the winter , when the

temperature in the area reaches less than 10 ° C. When snow or ice

crystals formed in the winter, the sun or moon light that falls on it will be

reflected to be colorful pillars. Pilar looks like a feather light extending

vertically above or below the light source , or both. Also in the form of a

pillar of light from artificial light sources such as street lamps, car lamps

or other strong light source.

This phenomenon will stop when there is no light falling on top

of the ice crystals to be reflected.

A general statement

A sequenced of explana-

tion

Closing


PROCEDURE

TEXT

5

~ Definition of Procedure Text Procedure text is kind of text which teaches on how to

make something completely. Procedure text is dominantlystructured with imperative sentence since it actually an instruction.Procedure text usually explain the ingredient or material which isneed, though sometime it is omitted, after that procedure text willexplain step by step how to make the thing.

5.1

~ The Purpose of Procedure TextThe purpose of a procedure is to tell the reader how to do or makesomething.

5.2

5.3~ Generic Stucture of Procedure TextA procedure usually has four components1. Goal or Aim > states what is to be done2. Materials : listed in order of use, includes items needed to

complete task3. Method : a series of steps4. Evaluation : how the success of the procedure can be tested


~ Language Features of Procedure Text

1. Using Simple Present Tense2. Using Imperatives sentence3. Using adverb4. Using technical terms 5.4

~ Example of Procedure Text (How to make something)

"FRIED RICE"

5.5

Nasi goreng, "fried rice" is a familiar food from Indonesia; if you want to knowhow to make nasi goreng. Just follow this explanation :Ingredients :»350 gr. Long Grain Rice »250 gr. Chicken meat »1 Leek »2 Tbs. Vegetable Oil »1 Onion »1 Garlic Clove»2 Green Chillis, Sambal Ulek or Sambal Badjak »3 Eggs »1 teaspoon Ground Coriander »3 Tbs. Kecap»1 teaspoon Ground Cumin »250 gr. Shelled Prawns Steps :This dish is best made from cold leftover rice, but you can cook a fresh batchand leave it to cool for at least 4 hours. Beat the eggs and make into aomelette, slice into strips and set aside. Heat the oil in a wok or large fryingpan. Add the chopped onion, leek, garlic and chillis. Fry until the onion is soft.Add the Coriander and Cumin. Slice Chicken into strips and add with theprawns to the onion mixture and cook, stirring occasionally until they are wellmixed. Add the rice, soya sauce and omelet strips and cook for a further 5minutes.Decorate with some of the leftover leek and serve hot. Enjoy.

Goal/Aim

Materials

Method

Evaluation


~ Report Text

~

6

~ Definition and Sosial Function of Report TextReport is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a

result of systematic observation and analysis. Some experts mentioned that its

social function is presenting information about something. They generally

describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the

planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on~ Generic Structure of Report Text1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,

public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general

2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part

, customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

~ Language Features of Report Text1. Introducing group or general aspect

2. Using conditional logical connection

3. Using Simple Present Tense

6.1

6.2

6.3


~ Example of Report Text6.4

VeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital of region

Veneto. Together with Padua, the city is included in the Padua-Venice

Metropolitan Area. Venice has been known as the “Queen of the

Adriatic”, “City of Water”, “City of Bridges”, and “The City of Light”.

The city stretches across 117 small islands in the marshy Venetian

Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy.

Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an

archipelago of 117 islands formed by about 150 canals in a shallow

lagoon. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about

400 bridges. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads,

and

every form of transport is on water or on foot.

You can ride gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat

which nowadays is mostly used for tourists, or for weddings, funerals,

or other ceremonies. Now, most Venetians travel by motorised

waterbuses (“vaporetti”) which ply regular routes along the major

canals and between the city’s islands. The city also has many private

boats. The only gondolas still in common use by Venetians are the

traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain

General Classifi-cation

Descrip-tion

You can see the amusing city’s landmarks such as Piazza

San Marco, Palazzo Contarini del Bovolo, Saint Mark’s Cathedral or

villas of the Veneto. The villas of the Veneto, rural residences for

nobles during the Republic, are one of the most interesting aspects

of Venetian countryside.

They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for

fashionable parties of high society. The city is also well known for its

beautiful and romantic view, especially at night.

Descrip-tion


What is Analytical Exposition Text?7

~ Definition of Analytical Exposition TextExposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding

~ The Purpose of Analytical Exposition TextIts social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

~ Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition TextThesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s positionArgument 1: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s positionArgument 2: Explaining the other arguments support the writer’s position moreReiteration: Restating the writer’s position

7.1

7.2

7.3


~ Language Features of Analytical Exposition Text

1. Using modals2. Using action verbs3. Using thinking verbs4. Using adverbs5. Using adjective6. Using technical terms7. Using general and abstract noun8. Using connectives/transition

7.4


~ Example of Analytical

Exposition Text7.5

THE DANGEROUS OF

SMOKINGUntil now there are still many people that keep smoking. But

we think if

everyone knows that smoking is dangerous for health. Why smoking

is dangerous?

Before we are going to smoke, it’s better to look at the fact. A

2004 study by the CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease

Prevention and Health Promotion found that cigarette smoke contains

over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer. Nearly

a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.

Adult male smokers lose an average of 13.2 years of life and female

smokers lose 14.5 years of life because of smoking, and given the

diseases that smoking can cause, it can steal your quality of life long

before you die.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking.

Secondhand smoke also causes about 35,000 deaths from heart

disease in people who are not smokers. If we smoke five cigarettes a

day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non-

smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen

Thesis

Argu-ment

1

Argu-ment

2

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop

bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non-smoker

breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked

fifteen cigarettes.

Smoking is not good for smokers and people around

smokers. However smoking is very good for Cigarette Companies.

Because they have much money from smoking habit. However

smoking is not good for everybody else.

Argu-ment 3

Reiteration


~ News Item Text ~ 8

~ Definition of News Item TextNews item is a text which informs readers about events of the day.The events are considered newsworthy or important.

~ The Purpose of News Item TextNews item is a type of the text that has the main function orcommunicative purpose to inform readers, listeners or viewer aboutevents of the day that are considered newsworthy or important.

~ Generic Structure of News Item Text1. Newsworthy event(s)2. Background event(s)3. Source(s)

8.1

8.2

8.3


~ Language Features of News Item Text

1. Short, telegraphic informationabout story captured in headline2. Using action verbs3. Using saying verbs4. Using adverbs : time, place andmanner.

8.4

~ Example of News Item Text

Air Force still Investigating Cause of Plane Crash

8.5

The Air Force is still investigating thecause of last Thursday’s military plane crash onMount Salak, Bogor, an officials say.

“I cannot reveal any preliminary suspicionson the crash because we are still waiting for result ofthe investigating,” Air Force spokesman ChaerudinRay said.

He said he was sure that human error was not the cause of the Casa212’s crash because the Captain’s Pilot, Maj. Bendot Arjiyanto, was both anexperienced pilot and an instructor.

Chaerudin said no Casa planes belonging to the Air Force, includingthe 1984 Casa light transport airplane, carried a black box.

“We only rely on the tape recorder and a record from the Jakarta airtraffic control,” he said.

(Source: The Jakarta Post, June 30, 2008)

News-worthy event

Back-groun

d event

Soure


~ Spoof Text ~

~ Definition of Spoof TextSpoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the pasttime with unpredictable and funny ending.

~ The Purpose of Spoof TextIts social function is to entertain and share the story.

~ Generic Structure of Spoof Text1. Orientation2. Events3. Twist(s)

~ Language Features of Spoof Text1. Using Past Tense2. Using action verb3. Using adverb4. Chronologically arranged

9

9.2

9.1

9.3

9.4


~ Example of

Spoot Text9.

5

AbsenceJoe's Mother got angry because her son got a low

mark on English test."Why did you get such a low mark on that test?"

Asked mother angrily. Asked by his angry mother, Joe just keptsilent and went out.

A few moment, Joe came back home and met hismother again. His mother asked the same question.

Joe answered steadily, "Because of absence.""You mean you were absent on the day of the test?"

Mother wondered.Joe replied, "No, but the kid who sits next to me

was."

Orientation

Event

Twist


10

~ Definition of Discussion TextDiscussion is a text which presentsa problematic discourse. Thisproblem will be discussed fromdifferent points of view. Discussionis commonly found inphilosophical, historic, and socialtext. It presents pro and contraopinion on certain issue.

~ The Purpose of Discussion TextThe purpose of a discussion text isto present arguments andinformation from differingviewpoints.

10.1

10.2


~ Generic Structure of Discussion Text

10.3

1. Issue : contains of statement and preview about something.2. Argument for/Supporting argument : after stating the issue, it is necessary to present theargument to support that one point is agreeing.3. Argument against : beside the supporting argument, discussion text need the argumentwhich disagree to the stated issue.4. Recommendation/conclusion : It is used to tell how to solve issue by concerning thearguements for and against.


~ Language Features of Discussion Text

1. Introducing category or generic participant.2. Relating verb/to be: is, am, are, etc.3. Using thinking verb: feel, hope, believe, etc.4. Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection: similarly, onthe hand, however, etc.5. Using modalities: must, should, could, may, etc.6. Using adverbial of manner: deliberately, hopefully, etc.7. Conjunction/transition: although, even, if, etc.

10.4


~ Example of Discussion TextThe Ban on Smoking in Public Places

Smoking ban in public places has been a hot issue these last monthsnot only in Malta but also in various countries who are discussing the effects aban would have. There have been several debates on smoking ban. Even thoughthe harmful effects of smoking, both active and passive, are well known andundeniable smoking is far from being in decline; it is spreading among youngpeople in particular quickly.

Most controversial debate is going on public smoking ban. The reasonis simple, smoking ban affects directly all people rapidly and we can see its effectsin a short-term period. There have been a lot of arguments brought up both infavour and against a public smoking ban. Some of the arguments in favour are thefollowing. Smoking ban is one of the controversial ways for reducing smoking andrecognizing non-smokers’ right to health protection. The health risks of smokingare clear. Passive smoking does carry risks. Many leading medical and scientificorganizations recognize second hand smoke as a cause of a range of life-threatening conditions.

10.5

Issue

Supporting argument (continue)

Continue>


The health situation could be drastically improved if one of the riskfactors - tobacco - was eliminated. People have a right to protect themselves fromsmoke inhalation. People shouldn’t have to inhale the ill-effects of other people’ssmoking. The creation of smoke-free public places also improves air quality.

Those opposing a smoking ban say that freedom of choice would beaffected by such legislation. Some people against a ban say that smoking bansdamage business. A smoking ban could lead to a significant fall in earnings frombars, restaurants and casinos. Another argument is that the smoker has a basichuman right to smoke in public places, and the ban is a limitation for smokers’rights. Businesses, smokers, publicans, tobacco industries, stars, and some of thenon-smokers oppose public smoking ban. Smokers light a cigarette because theyneed to smoke, not because they want it, because nicotine is physically addictive.Therefore, some smokers think that the public smoking ban is oppressiveness.They see the ban as a treatment to smokers as second-class citizens. Smokersagree that the smoking ban benefits the world, but cannot support the ban,because effects of nicotine obstruct them.

Supporting argument

Argumentagainst

Continue>


Public smoking ban needs to be measured and understoodbetter. Smokers should not be made to look like outcasts, but smokers shouldrespect non-smokers when sharing places. I agree that completely smoke-free places are the ideal, and some businesses have taken the decision to gocompletely smoke-free. However, everyone agrees that, it is a matter of rights- the right of smokers to smoke versus non-smokers to protect from passivesmoking and to breathe clean air.

Recommenda-tion or

conclution


~ Review Text

11

~ Definition of Review TextReview text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video game, musicalcomposition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an eventor performance, such as a live music concert, a play, musical theatre show or dance show.

~ The Purpose of Review TextReview text is used to critic the events or art works for the reader or listener, such asmovies, shows, book, and others.

~ Generic Structure of Review Text1. Orientation : Background information of the text.2. Evaluations : Concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist ot more than one.3. Interpretative Recount : Summary of an art works including character and plot.4. Evaluative Summation : The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized.

11.1

11.2

11.3


~ Language Features of Review Text1. Focus on specific participants 3. Using long and complex clauses2. Using adjectives 4. Using metaphor

11.4

~ Example of Review TextRhymes of the Times

Author : Harold Matthew NashPublisher: BooksurgeReviewed by : John Lehman

11.5

Continue>

Orienta-tion

I particularly liked the first few pages of this book where the poetacknowledges those who have helped him and tells us something about hislife. Too often writing is a lonely task and poetry so personal that itexcludes others until they read the final result. But both poets andaudiences are intimately involved in the process. Readers are notconsumers looking for a pair of shoes, but people trying to discoversomething about how they feel, as well as understand the emotions of theperson writing the poem. This spirit of openness and participation is righthere from the start in this collection.

Harold is one of nine children, raised by his mother. In theIntroduction he tells us about public moments that have shaped his life(Martin Luther King’s ”I Have a Dream” speech, Muhammad Ali’s “I canfloat like a butterfly and sting like a bee.”) as well as very private ones likeattending the wedding of a girl he was still very much in love with. This notonly gives us an insight into the person behind these poems, it helps usunderstand their inspiration and connection to things outside of the words.“The Bee in the Web” draws on the “butterfly”/”bee” of Ali’s boast, yetexpands on it to a message of racial harmony as opposed to one of militantaggression and separatism.

There are some great titles (“The Martian and the Wino,” “WStands for Wrong", ”Fasten Your Seatbelt”) and lines that make us think(“Sometimes I feel that life’s a curse, has front-wheel drive and no reverse”and the very poignant “I hate in order to protect yourself—you pack a gunor mace.

Evaluation

Interpreta-tive

Recount(continue)

Continue>

So why don’t I say what the hell and hate the human race.”)There are also some bad lines: “Her skin is cream, her body is slim.Looking at her makes the average saint sin.”—perhaps, but what or who is“the average saint”? The book ends with a sweet poem by CharlaAngeline Hultmann (and I really like the candor of her bio) called “Gift”and “giving” is the real spirit of this book of poetry.

I will be honest, I am not a fan of rhyme. There is a delight inadjacent sounds rubbing together—vowels held and savored, consonantsclicking in a row—but “easy” rhymes (“head”/“dead”; “love”/”dove”;“moon”/”prune”) tend to overshadow poetic subtleties, determine wordchoice and the words themselves lose their meaning, becoming clichés. Butthis is the music of this poet’s generation, and there is no denying thatpoetry is more alive, more meaningful and more accessible than it has everbeen at any other time during my life. PS I do love the “Osama” “mama”rhyme. In general I think it would benefit Harold Nash’s development toread more of the published contemporary Black poets.

But form aside, this is an honest (courageous and unflinching)look at life today—one we need to share together for the survival of us all.That is “Rhymes of the Times” message. And it is a good one.

Interpreta-tive

Recount

Evaluative Summation


~ Hortatory ExpositionText

12

~ Definition of Hortatory Exposition TextHortatory Exposition is a type of English text that belongs to the Class ofArgumentation.Hortatory Exposition is a type of English text that influences the reader todo something or act in a certain way. In Hortatory Exposition, there are some opinionsabout certain things to reinforce the main ideas of the text.

12.1

12.2

12.3

~ The Purpose of Hortatory Exposition TextThe Purpose Hortatory exposition is to presenting and influencing the readers that should be so or should not be

~ Generic Stucture of Hortatory Exposition Text1. ThesisThe contain of thesis is introduction to the main idea of a effect or event that will beraised or discussed.2. ArgumentsThe contain of argument is the opinions of the writer that support the main idea. Themore opinions the authors write, the more attractive a Hortatory Exposition Text,because readers tend to believe in an event if there are many opinions that support in it.3. RecommendationRecommendation contains a recommendation or solicitation writer to the reader.


~ Language Features of Hortatory Exposition Text

1. Focusing on the writer2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc3. Using action verb4. Using thinking verb5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc8. Using passive voice9. Using simple present tense

12.4


~ Example of Hortatory

Exposition Text12.5

Indonesian People Should Value

All the Different Culture to

Promote Unity of the NationIndonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many

different religions and cultures from many provinces are

now seen living side by side in many places. One of the

biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to

deal with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote

unity.

Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate

differences among culture for the following reasons.

Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its

archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance

among people is the best way to maintain the unity

among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are

equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by

some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of

personal choice, then it must respect the personal

Thesis

Argument 1

Continue>

Secondly, Indonesians must recognize that

every culture has different customs and beliefs. Thus,

people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative

value, for it is measuring something unmeasured. A

plurality of nations, especially in the modern era, can

allow for cultural development and cultural exchange

that benefits both parties. The cross-cultural

understanding among cultures makes the world a better

place and preserves the unity of the nation.

Lastly, raising nationalism is one way to

preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense of fellow feeling

between group members. This promotes cooperation

and social cohesion within the group. The sense of

social cooperation makes welfare, social security and

medical programs much more likely and stronger.

Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive

matter for people. Indonesian people must teach

younger generation about the importance of the cultural

identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.

Argument 2

Argument 3

Recommenda-tion


~ Anecdote Text 13

~ Definition of Anecdote TextAnecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination.

~ The Purpose of Anecdote TextIts purpose is to satirize certain people in real lifeand to entertain the readers.

~ Generic Structure of Anecdote Text1. Abstract 4. Reaction2. Orientation 5. Coda3. Crisis

~ Language Features of AnecdoteText1. Using exclamation words; it's awful!, it'swonderful!, etc2. Using imperative; listen to this3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?4. Using action verb; go, write, etc5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward6. Using simple past tense

13.2

13.3

13.1

13.4


~ Example of Anecdote Text

Corruption CourtOne day, in a country that certainly not our country,

so many state officials are corrupt. However, only a few caught.At the height of a political corruption trial,

prosecutors attacked a witness."Is it true," he cried, "that you receive five thousand

dollars to compromise this case?"The witness stared out the window as if he did not

hear the question."Is not it true that you receive five thousand dollars to

compromise this case?" the lawyer repeated.The witness still did not respond.Finally, the judge said, "Sir, please answer the

question Attorney.""Oh, sorry," the witness told the judge he

was surprised.I thought he was talking to you."

13.5

Abstract

Orientation

Crisis

Reaction

Coda


Thanks To :-God

- Family

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- Ma’am Lely

- Many Sources

(www.englishindo.com,

www.123HelpMe.com,

anuwwaer.blogspot.com,

www.sekolahoke.com, and

ufonesia.wordpress.com )

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Types of text in english