LEARNING OUTCOME

• LO1- FUNCTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL ORGANISATIONS.

• LO2- KNOWLEDGE OF AVIATION GEOGRAPHY & ASSOCIATED TERMINOLOGY

• LO3-DOCUMENTS & REGULATIONS USED IN AIR TRAVEL

• LO4-PLANNING ITINARY & BOOKING A TRAVEL

• I, Mr. Regan Kennedy, working as a counterstaff in Omega Tours and Travel agencypresents a walk in customer, a tailor made 6day international tour package encompassingtwo most wonderful dream destinations in theworld.

TASK - I

• The presentation features the– Culture of the new destinations

– Unfolds History of the scintillating cities

– Enthralling adventure

– Exciting theme parks

– Travel documents’ information

– Travel laws

– Flight schedules

– Flight route maps and

– Day to day travel itinerary.

THE SPELLBOUND COUNTRY

• THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

– The United States of America is an overly largecountry that is packed with an enchantingassortment of attractions across its landscape.

– The country’s gripping colonial history hastransformed it into a tourist-friendly destinationthat brims with museums, historical edifices, high-end shopping streets, architectural marvels,galleries and amusement parks.

THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC NATION-”In God we Trust”

THE MULTICULTURAL CITY OF USA

• VISIT NEW YORK & SEE THE WORLD !– Nowhere else will you see such diversity in such a

compact and exciting way; and no other city hasthe energy and arrogance to make it work so well.

– Iconic, hip, trendsetting, and ever-changing, NewYork City lives up to its superlatives. Underneaththe Big Apple's jagged skyscraper skyline, museumsdazzle with the latest collections, celebrity chefsunveil their newest creations, and Broadwaycontinues to stage elaborate, glittering shows.

THE BIG APPLE AWAITS –COME TAKE A BITE ! - NY

THE FANTASY CITY OF US

• ORLANDO ,FL– Discover the fantasy of a Walt Disney World vacation as

you explore this enchanting entertainment complex andenjoy the fantasy-filled attractions!

– More people visit here than any other city in the UnitedStates and it is easy to believe when you see the crowdsthat flock to the attractions of the city's major themeparks.

– The varied delights of the Epcot Center, The AnimalKingdom and, of course, The Magic Kingdom aresufficient to keep any visitor occupied for days.

THE NO :1 DESTINATION OF AMERICA

THE ISLAND COUNTRY-"Forward, Upward, Onward, Together”

• THE BAHAMAS– Scattered like dabs of silver and green paint on an

artist’s palette, the Bahamas are ready-made forexploration.

– Just ask Christopher Columbus – he bumped againstthese limestone landscapes in 1492 and changed thecourse of history. But the adventure didn’t end withthe Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.

– From pirates and blockade dodgers to rum smugglers,wily go-getters have converged and caroused on thecountry’s 700 islands and 2400 cays for centuries.

BAHAMAS - THE PALETTE AWAITS -PAINT YOUR OWN ADVENTURE

THE CAPITAL -THE METROPOLITAN HUB

• NASSAU– On the northeast coast of New Providence Island, the city

of Nassau is the capital and commercial hub of theBahamas and one of the most popular cruise ship ports inthe Caribbean.

– Pleasure seekers flock here from around the world to relaxin the warm, tropical climate, bask on the creamy sands ofCable Beach, browse the duty-free downtown shops, andfrolic in the glitzy, themed resorts.

– Visitors can witness this old-world elegance in the city'scandy-colored colonial buildings, old forts, and grandhotels.

THE PARADISE ISLAND - NASSAU

PARADISE ISLAND – NIGHT VIEW

EXPLORE THE DIVINE NATURE

• FREEPORT , THE GRAND BAHAMA ISLAND

– Freeport is a city , district and free trade zone onthe island of Grand Bahama of the northwestBahamas.

– Full of history and charm, Grand Bahama Island isa complete vacation destination.

– And, of course, no Bahamian island would becomplete without miles of beautiful beaches—found on the south side of Grand Bahama Island.

FAMILY FUN ON GRAND BAHAMA

ITINARARY TRAVEL ROUTES

TOUR DETAILED VISIT(Incl. City Tour Map)

AIR TRAVEL ROUTE MAP – MAA TO NYCOrigin – MAA – Chennai Intl.Destination - JFK – John F. Kennedy Intl.Airlines – Etihad Airways (via Abu Dhabi) Distance – 13475.00 kmsTravel time – 24 hrs ( 1 stop)

DAY - 1

• Statue of Liberty (Duration of visit: 3 hours )– The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World was a gift of friendship from the

people of France to the people of the United States and is a universal symbol of freedom and democracy.

• Central Park (Duration of visit: 3 hours )– Central Park is one of the iconic sights of New York City. The various bridges

and arches of the park enhance the charm of the place.

• The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Duration of visit: 3 hours )– The Metropolitan Museum of Art is the largest encyclopedic art museum in

the world under a single roof. Over 2 million art works from all periods and cultures are found in this collection.

• Empire State Building (Duration of visit: 1 hr)– The world-famous Empire State Building offers unobstructed panoramic views

of New York City and beyond from 8 A.M. Until 2 A.M. Daily. Our 86th and 102nd floor Observation Decks offer the two highest vantage points in New York City.

NY – CITY TOUR MAP

ELEGANT STATUE OF LIBERTY

THE CENTRAL PARK – AERIAL VIEW

LARGEST ENCYCLOPEDIC ART MUSEUM

WORLD FAMOUS – EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

DAY 2

• High Line (Duration of visit: 3 hours )– The High Line is an elevated railway transformed into

a public park on Manhattan's West Side. The park features lush horticulture, artworks, seasonal food vendors, community programming, and unique views of the Hudson River and New York City skyline.

• Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) (Duration of visit: 3 hours)

– Home of the largest collection of artwork created between 1880 and the present.

• Head towards NYC Intl to Orlando, FL

ELEVATED HIGH LINE

ANCIENT - MODERN ART MUSEUM

AIR TRAVEL ROUTE MAP – NYC TO MCO Origin – JFK – John F. Kennedy Intl. Destination – MCO – Orlando Intl.Airlines – American AirlinesDistance – 1521.31 kmsTravel time – 2 hrs 33 mins.

ORLANDO – CITY TOUR MAP

DAY 3• Walt Disney World (Duration of visit: 3 hours)

– Walt Disney World is both the largest vacation resort in the world and most visited theme park resort in the world. At over 25,000 acres, the massive property features four world-renowned theme parks, twenty-four on-site resorts, two water parks, four mini-golf courses in two locations, an interactive/video game park, a shopping and nighttime entertainment area, and 5 professional golf courses and outdoor recreation.

• Magic Kingdom (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– The first of the 4 theme parks to open at Walt Disney World Resort, Magic Kingdom park captures

the enchantment of fairy tales with exciting entertainment, classic attractions, beloved Disney Characters and so much more.

• Lunch @ nearby restaurant

• Wishes Fireworks (Duration of visit: 1 hour)– Wishes Nighttime Spectacular is the biggest, brightest fireworks extravaganza in Magic Kingdom

theme park history . Jiminy Cricket is your host, guiding Pinocchio, Cinderella, Ariel, Peter Pan and other beloved Disney Characters through a fantastic tale told amongst the stars

• Cinderella's Royal Table (Duration of visit: 2 hours)– Dine with Disney Princesses inside Cinderella Castle during this one-of-a-kind dining experience.

Princesses in Attendance - Cinderella greets Guests in the majestic Grand Hall, before they ascend a spiral staircase to the banquet hall above. (A gilded elevator is also available to transport Guests to the festivities.)

WALT DISNEY WORLD

ENTER THE FANTASY – MAGIC KINGDOM

SPECTACULAR NIGHT

ROYAL DINING WITH THE PRINCESS

DAY 4

• Universal Studios Florida (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– This vast complex houses two theme parks (Universal Studios, for movie rides,

and Islands of Adventure, for thrills), an entertainment/nightlife complex (City Walk) and a variety of hotels. You can buy passes for admission to the parks or just visit the bars, restaurants and stores on the City Walk.

• SeaWorld Orlando (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– At SeaWorld you can experience the awe-inspiring power and beauty of the

sea and marine life. Get up-close to all of its mesmerizing creatures – gentle manatees, graceful dolphins, playful penguins, fascinating sharks and so much more. From the tiniest starfish to the ocean’s biggest star, Shamu, SeaWorld is alive with the ocean’s wonders. Connect with the sea underwater and connect with the air on coaster adventures where you’ll brave watery beasts and feel like a flying ray. . . The sea is a stage, where dolphins dance on water, whales swim in the sky, and spectacle and color are around every turn. Here, borders are erased and the possibilities are boundless.

• Head towards MCO Intl to Nassau, The Bahamas.

ENTERTAINMENT @ UNIVERSAL STUDIOS - FLORIDA

MESMERISING SEAWORLD

AIR TRAVEL ROUTE MAP – MCO TO NAS

Origin – MCO – Orlando Intl.Destination – NAS – Nassau Intl.Airlines – BahamasairDistance – 333.26 miles.Travel time – 1 hr 15 mins.

NASSAU – CITY TOUR MAP

DAY 5• The Heritage Museum of the Bahamas (Duration of visit: 3 hours)

– A new enriching attraction that will leave visitors more knowledgeable and appreciative of various eras in Bahamian history has opened in Nassau. The Heritage Museum of The Bahamas is located in the famous Mountbatten House on Nassau’s West Hill Street, across from the Gray cliff Hotel and Restaurant. The Heritage Museum of The Bahamas is open from Monday to Friday from 9 am to 5 pm.

• Blue Lagoon Island (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– Blue Lagoon Island is yours to enjoy for the day! Take a scenic boat ride through Nassau’s historic harbor

over to our private island. Swim in the calm lagoon, relax on a pristine beach, observe friendly dolphins and sea lions at play, enjoy water sports, grilled lunch, refreshing tropical drinks or just do nothing but watch the coconut palms sway as you lounge in a double hammock. Open every day.

• Ardastra Gardens, Zoo and Conservation Center (Duration of visit: 3 hours) – Take your family to the heart of Nassau for marching flamingos at the Ardastra Gardens, Zoo &

Conservation Centre, the first and only zoo in The Bahamas .It features more than four acres of lush tropical gardens inhabited by a dazzling array of animal species—including the national bird of The Bahamas, the Caribbean flamingo. Hand-feed playful parrots, take a free educational lecture on wildlife conservation and be sure to watch the world-famous marching flamingos in action.

• Visit the Atlantis Water Park (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– At the Royal Towers is the Mayan Temple entertainment attraction consisting of 4 major slides: Leap of Faith,

where you do a steep drop down before entering a tunnel through a shark tank at lightning speed, then exiting at the bottom into a shallow pool, the Challenger Slides, where you and another person may race each other to the bottom to see who is the fastest, the Serpent Slide, and the Jungle Slide

ENRICHING ATTRACTION – THE HERITAGE MUSEUM

HISTORIC HARBOR – BLUE LAGOON ISLAND

ARDASTRA GARDENS ZOO & CONSERVATION CENTER

AQUAVENTURE – ATLANTIS

AIR TRAVEL ROUTE MAP – NAS TO FPOOrigin – NAS – Nassau Intl.Destination – FPO – Grand Bahama Intl.Airlines - BahamasairDistance – 129.89 kms.Travel time – 45 mins

FREEPORT – CITY TOUR MAP

DAY 6

• Head towards NAS Intl to Freeport , The Grand Bahama Island.

• Reach the hotel & leisure for an hour.

• Peterson Cay National Park (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– Peterson Cay, a tiny island off the south shore of Grand Bahama, is home to Peterson Cay

National Park, the smallest national park in the Bahamas, covering only 1.5 acres.

• Lucayan National Park (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– This incredible 40-acre park has some of the most spectacular secluded beaches in all of the

Bahamas. Filled with mangrove, pine, and palm trees, Lucayan National Park features incredible plants in bloom as well as a plethora of water birds and saltwater fish.

• Garden of the Groves (Duration of visit: 3 hours)– Discover the natural beauty and the wildlife of the Bahamas at the Garden of the Groves, an

idyllic botanical garden filled with lush plant life, native animal life, and plenty of photo opportunities. In addition to the exotic macaws, alligators, and iguanas that live on the grounds, there is a wonderful petting zoo that allows children to interact with the pot-bellied pigs and pygmy goats of the Garden. There is also a wonderful playground for the younger visitors.

• Head towards FPO Intl to Chennai MAA

PETERSON CAY NATIONAL PARK

LUCAYAN NATIONAL PARK

GARDEN OF THE GROVES

AIR TRAVEL ROUTE MAP – FPO TO MAAOrigin – FPO – Grand Bahama Intl.Destination – MAA – Chennai Intl.Airlines – American Airlines (1 stop – Miami)Airlines – British Airways ( 1 stop – London)Distance –15052.92 kmsTravel time - 23 hrs 15 mins (2+ stops)

AIR ROUND TRIP ROUTE MAP

TRAVEL DOCUMENTS

• United States of America

– Capital city: Washington

– Currency: United States Dollar (USD) (USD) 1 = INR 61.72

– Local time: GMT - 5 / - 10

– Telephone code: + 1

– Bank: Closed on Saturday and Sunday.

– Passport - Valid for 6 months

– Tourist Visa

USA - CUSTOMS,CURRENCY & AIRPORT TAX REGULATIONS

• Baggage Clearance regulations– All baggage, regardless of next destination, is cleared at the first

point of entry in the USA. This also applies to baggage of passengers making an international transfer.

• Currency Export regulations– local currency (United States Dollar-USD) and foreign currencies:

no restrictions, provided that arriving and departing passengers must report to US customs any money or other monetary instruments exceeding USD 10,000.-. Gold: Importation of gold coins or small, non-commercial quantities of gold must be declared upon arrival.

• Airport Embarkation Tax– No airport tax is levied on passengers upon embarkation at the

airport.

ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS FOR US TOURIST VISA PASSPORT

TRAVEL DOCUMENTS

• The BAHAMAS

– Capital city: Nassau

– Currency: Bahamian Dollar (BSD) (BSD) 1 = INR 61.72.

– Local time: GMT - 5

– Telephone code: + 1

– Bank: Closed on Saturday and Sunday.

– Passport - Valid for 6 months

– Tourist Visa

THE BAHAMAS - CUSTOMS,CURRENCY & AIRPORT TAX REGULATIONS

• Customs Rules– Import regulations:

• For passengers over 18 years of age:1. 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 1 lb. of tobacco;2. 1 US quart of spirits and 1 US quart of wine. For any other articles than tobacco and alcohol a max. value of USD 100.- is permitted for free import.

• Arms and Ammunition regulations– Prohibited unless holding a police permit prior to entry. Additional Information on regulations.

For agricultural products, plants of all types, wood carvings or similar items: apply to the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.

• Baggage Clearance regulations– Baggage is cleared at the first airport of entry on the Bahamas.

• Currency rules– Currency Import regulations:

• Local currency (Bahamian Dollar - BSD): not permitted. Foreign currencies: no restrictions.

• Currency Export regulations:– Local currency (Bahamian Dollar - BSD): banknotes: a max. of BSD 200.- per person, higher

amounts require permission of the Central Bank of the Bahamas; coins: no restrictions. Foreign currencies: no restrictions.

• Airport Embarkation Tax – No airport tax is levied on passengers upon embarkation at the airport.

ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS BAHAMAS TOURIST VISA PASSPORT

INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL ORGANISATIONS

• International Travel Organizations aims to

• The listed below are some of the major travel organizations ,– IATA– UFTAA– PATA– ICAO– WARSAW CONVENTION– MONTREAL CONVENTION– CHICAGO CONVENTION

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

• The International Air Transport Association(IATA) is a trade association of the world’sairlines. These 240 airlines, primarily majorcarriers, carry approximately 84% of totalAvailable Seat Kilometers air traffic and isheadquartered at Montreal , Canada.

• Our mission is to represent, lead, and servethe airline industry.

IATA - OBJECTIVES

• As per the Articles of Association of IATA, the main objectives are– To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for

the benefit of the people of the world to foster aircommerce and, to study the problems connectedtherewith.

– To provide means for collaboration among the airtransport enterprises engaged directly or indirectly ininternational air transport services.

– To cooperate with the International Civil AviationOrganization and other international organizations

– To provide a common platform for travel agencies/touroperators

– To promote and develop international tourism.

United Federation of Travel Agents' Association (UFTAA)

• The United Federation of Travel Agents'Association (UFTAA) was founded in Rome, Italy,in 1966, and is currently headquartered inMonaco.

• The UFTAA was originally created with theintention of unifying travel agencies and tourguide operators under one internationalorganization.

• As of 2010, the UFTAA comprises 80 nationalassociations. Thus, due to its global nature, it hasmany duties and responsibilities.

UFTAA - MISSION• In broad terms, the mission of UFTAA is to provide a platform for

the discussions and dialogues on the issues influencing the travelindustry. Moreover, to advocate the cause of the tour operators byrepresenting them in the world forum. Yet the mission statement ofUFTAA mentions a few specific areas:

– To unite and consolidate the Federations of Travel Agents’ NationalAssociations and to globally enhance the interests of their members.

– To represent the travel agents’ activities before various world-widebodies, governmental authorities and suppliers

– To work towards the adoption of measures that will ease travel for thetravellers and to offer services to its member federations

– To offer, as a voluntary mechanism, an arbitration service which assistsin solving conflicts resulting from commercial relations for whichamicable settlement cannot be reached .

– To organize a world congress of travel agents and other meetingsnecessary to the exchange and transmission of knowledge so that atravel agent is able to provide good services to travellers.

UFTAA - OBJECTIVES

• One of the UFTAA's main duties is to be an international forum for theworld's travel industry. By addressing key issues, the UFTAA hopes tofurther the development of the travel industry on a global scale.

• A primary function of the UFTAA is to represent travel agencies beforeother global organizations, national governments and suppliers.

• The UFTAA also takes on the duty of working toward improving the travelindustry for consumers, or the flying public at large

• The UFTAA not only represents the global travel industry, but it also tracksand stores a variety of information and statistics. Thus, as an informationcenter, works with other corporations and organizations to help furthertechnological development ranging from sustainable tourism to increasingsafety for international travelers.

• UFTAA, as the global voice of the travel industry, helps to solve conflicts in

Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)

• Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) was founded in the year 1951 as a non-profit corporation to stimulate interest in the Pacific region as a vacation land, and to develop, promote and facilitate travel to and among the many Pacific destinations.

• PATA’s first conference was held in January 1952 in Honolulu and its headquarters were established in San Francisco, USA in 1953, PATA has its own Director for Europe who is based in London and works to promote traffic from the European markets into the Pacific region. PATA’s first Asian office was opened in Manila, Philippines in 1976.

PATA – AIMS & OBJECTIVES

• As a non-profit organization PATA was set up with the objective ofdeveloping, promoting and facilitating travel to and within the Pacific areaand South East Asian region.

• It primarily operates in the United States market which is the world’sbiggest travel market. The organization provides the meeting point for thepeople, involved in all aspects of the travel trade from a large number ofcountries.

• It focuses attention on travel opportunities in member countries andbuilds up greater awareness and specific contacts among the travel tradein countries from where the tourists originate.

• The underlying philosophy of PATA is that the entire travel industry mustwork together to develop an ever-increasing flow of pleasure travel fromwhich each member will derive a fair share of the total business.

PATA - ACTIVITIES

• PATA actives include assisting small and up-and-coming destinationsto develop their infrastructure, providing expertise, and planninggroup travel schemes, destinations, hotels operations anddiscounts.

• It provides up-to-date information and practical and theoreticalexperience in the field of tourism.

• The annual conferences of the PATA and its workshops providegreater scope to its members to share their ideas and exchangeviews about promotion of tourism in their respective regions.

• PATA staffs are experts in their respective fields of marketing andresearch, and regularly exchange with others, information on latesttechniques and practice in their respective areas.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

• The laying of the foundations of ICAO was initiated by the US, and developed through consultations between the 'Major Allies', who invited 55 states to attend the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago in 1944. 54 states attended and 32 states signed the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which set up the permanent International Civil Aviation Organization.

• ICAO was created as 'a means to secure international co-operation and the highest possible degree of uniformity in regulations and standards, procedures and organization regarding civil aviation matters'. There are now 189 contracting states.

ICAO – AIMS & OBJECTIVES

• Standardization: the establishment of International Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures covering licensing of personnel, rules of the air, aircraft operations, airworthiness, aeronautical telecommunications, air traffic services, accident investigation, aircraft noise and emission levels, security and safe transport of dangerous goods.

• CNS/ATM: the development of a satellite-based system concept to meet future communications, navigation surveillance/air traffic management (CNS/ATM) needs of civil aviation.

• Regional planning: for the purposes of the ICAO, the globe is divided into 9 geographical regions which are treated individually for 'planning the provision of air navigation facilities and services required on the ground'.

ICAO – AIMS & OBJECTIVES

• Facilitation: the reduction of procedural formalities which may add extra time to a passenger's journey and the provision of adequate air terminal buildings.

• Economics: air services to be established on the basis of equality and opportunity and operated soundly and economically.

• Technical co-operation for development: the promotion of civil aviation in developing countries which includes the provision of assistance to states in order to improve their aviation security facilities and procedures. This has involved the creation or assistance of many large civil aviation training centers.

• Law: development of a code of international air law governing certain issues.

WARSAW CONVENTION

• The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Transportation by Air usually referred to as the Warsaw Convention (convention) is an international convention which regulates liability for international carriage of persons, luggage, or goods performed by aircraft for reward.

• The convention was originally signed in 1929 in Warsaw. It was amended in 1955 at the Hague and in 1975 in Montreal.

WARSAW CONVENTION - OBJECTIVES

• The principal purpose of the Warsaw Convention was to– define the liability of the carrier in case of loss,

damage, injury, or death due to accident on international flights

– spell out procedures for claims and restitution

– And lay down the requirements for format and content of air transport documents, passenger tickets, luggage tickets, and air consignment notes.

MONTREAL CONVENTION

• Montreal Convention Convention for the Unification of certain rules for international carriage by air

• Signed 28 May 1999

• Location Montreal , Canada

• Effective 4 November 2003

• Parties 108 (107 states + EU)[1]

• Depositary - International Civil Aviation Organization

MONTREAL CONVENTION - AIMS

• The Montreal Convention, 1999 provides the following improvements , Offers better protection to victims of international air accidents, as adequate levels of compensation will be provided. The Warsaw Convention had set a very low compensation levels for victims of air accidents as well as liability for damage, delay or loss of baggage and cargo in accidents Introduces the concept of unlimited liability. In case of death or injury to passengers, the Montreal Convention introduces a two-tier system. The first tier includes strict liability up to 100 000 Special Drawing Rights (SDR) , irrespective of a carrier’s fault. The second tier is based on the presumption of fault of a carrier and has no limit of liability . In cases of aircraft accidents, air carriers are called upon to provide advance payments without delay to assist entitled persons in meeting immediate economic needs . Air carriers must submit proof of insurance, thereby ensuring the availability of financial resources in cases of automatic payments or litigation . Legal action or damage resulting from death or injury of a passenger may be filed at the permanent place of residence of the passenger; subject to certain conditions . Facilitation in the recovery of damages without the need for lengthy litigation and simplification and modernization of documentation related to passengers, baggage and cargo.

CHICAGO CONVENTION

• CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION, SIGNED AT CHICAGO, ON 7 DECEMBER 1944 (CHICAGO CONVENTION)

• Preamble– WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation

can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and

– WHEREAS it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that cooperation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends;

– THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically;

– Have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end.

CHICAGO CONVENTION

• The aims and objectives of the Organization are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to– Insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout

the world– Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes;– Encourage the development of airways, airports, and air navigation facilities

for international civil aviation;– Meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient and

economical air transport;– Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition;– Insure that the rights of contracting States are fully respected and that every

contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines;– Avoid discrimination between contracting States;– Promote safety of flight in international air navigation;– Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil

aeronautics.

FREEDOMS OF AIR

• The freedoms of the air are a set of commercial aviation rights granting a country's airlines the privilege to enter and land in another country’s airspace.

• The first two freedoms concern the passage of commercial aircraft through foreign airspace and airports, the other freedoms are about carrying people ,mail and cargo internationally.

• The first through fifth freedoms are officially enumerated by international treaties , especially the Chicago Convention.

• Several other freedoms have been added, and although most are not officially recognized under broadly applicable international treaties.

• The lower numbered freedoms are relatively universal while the higher numbered ones are rarer and more controversial

AIR TRANSIT RIGHTS

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