The Philippine – American War

The Philippine Republic

On January 2, 1899 – reorganized the Cabinet

•Secretary of Foreign Affair: Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini

•Secretary of the Interior: Teodoro Sandico

•Secretary of War: Baldomero Aguinaldo

•Secretary of Welfare: Gracio Gonzaga

•On January 21, 1899 Felipe G. Calderon and Cayetano Arellano drafted an integrated constitution

January 23, 1899: General Emilio Aguinaldo y Fami became President of the Republic

The benevolent assimilation

By President William McKinley

General Elwell Otis replaced Wesley Meritt

Exposed by La Independecia & on January 05 1899 Aguinaldo reacted on it.

Halt!!!

Skirmishes in Manila

The battle of La Loma were Major Jose T. Bugallon died & Gen. Mac Arthur conquered Caloocan against Gen. Luna

Luna tried to recapture Manila on March 22 and March 24 on Azcarraga but both are defeated campaign.

Fall of Pulo and Malolos

Gen. Henry Lawton deployed in the Southern Luzon

On March 30 Pulo fell & the capital transferred to San Isidro, Nueva Ecija

Critical Victories

March 25 – General Lloyd Wheaton killed at the Battle of Pulo.

Quingua (Plaridel) – Major Bell was killed by the battalion of Gen. Gregorio Del Pilar.

April 23 – Gen. Licerio Geronimo at the Battle of Paye, Angono, Rizal

Battle of BagBag

Because of Gen. Tomas Mascardo of Guagua refused to help Gen. Luna – Luna leaves his post & confronts Mascardo. But the Americans defeated the Del Pilar Defense at Bagbag.

They slandered him of wishing to wrest the presidency from Emilio Aguinaldo, and for that purpose they invited him to enter the rattrap of Kabanatuan to enable the very ones whom he had disarmed for cowardice in different war actions to deal him the deathblow. Do not lose sight of the fact that the one who invited him (i.e. Emilio Aguinaldo) to a conference absented himself, which was a cowardly stratagem.

When General A. Luna was dastardly assassinated on the stairs of the Convent of Kabanatuan and already fallen on the ground, the mother of Emilio Aguinaldo looked out the window and asked: "Ano, humihinga pa ba?" (Is he still breathing?) (date of Luna’s Death: June 5, 1899)

The Spanish soldier-prisoners who witnessed this iniquitous assassination said: "We admired the valor and intrepidity of General Luna who, tormented with shots and already fallen to the ground, could still shout: "Cowardly Cavitenios !“ - Julio Nakpil's 'Apuntes Sobre La Revolucion Filipina' (Notes on the Philippine Revolution)

Conquest of Visayas

General Martin Delgado to prevent the enemy capturing the city he ordered to burned the village but on Feb. 20 the fall of Iloilo and Feb. 22 the fall of Cebu. General Aradio Maxilom & Leandro Fullon continued the struggle.

Sadly the People of Negros joined the Americans that on March 1 the creation of Military district of Panay, Negros & Cebu.

The Kiram – Bates Treaty

Gen. John C. Bates tried to negotiate with Datu Kiram of Sulu that on Aug. 20, 1899 - an agreement that the American recognized the sovereignty of Sulu & continued the practice of Islam.

Aguinaldo Retreats to Palanan

Because of the death of Luna - it is an opportunity to Gen. Otis to capture Aguinaldo.

Defending Pasong Tirad

As the Last Platoon, Gen. Gregorio del Pilar chose to delay the enemy with 60 loyal Soldiers that on Dec. 2 1899 they defeated the American Brigade but defeated on the following day.

Together with his family, Aguinaldo went to Pangasinan where he leaved his family. Traveled to Cagayan and on Sept 4, 1900. He arrived at Palanan, Isabela where he established his Military Quarters.

The Capture of Aguinaldo

A grand scheme between Lazaro Segovia with the Macabebe Scout and Col. Frederick Funston to capture Aguinaldo.

When Segovia with the pretend prisoners delivered to Aguinaldo that signals the Joined battalion to surrounding the Vicinity

On April 1, 1901 Aguinaldo took an oath of alliance to America.

Simeon Ola of Bicol

Roman Manalan of Pangasinan

Manuel Tomines in Isabela

Masscare of Balanggiga

General Vicente Lukban in Samar, Because of his Guerilla warfare tactics won series of battle that on September 28, 1901 they massacre the civilians of Balanggiga. Lukban was captured on February 27, 1902.

Concentration Camp at Batangas

Gen. Miguel Malvar of Batangas. Because of Famine and hunger, he was forced to surrender on April 1902.

Politico – Religious Struggle

Ladrones groups are: Samahan at Cofradias in Tayabas (Ruperto Rios)

Apo Ipe Salvador in Central Luzon

Papa Isio of Negros

Dios Dios in Leyte

Pulajanes in Cebu

Papa Pablo in Samar

Bud Dajo Massacre

Creation of Moro Province (1903) Massacre of Bud Dajo in 1906 in Sulu. and Creation of Mt. Province in 1908.

1913 Bud Bagsak - Sultan Tahid

The Long Hair Ladrones (Macario Sakay)

War formally ended in 1916