The Philippine Revolution

The Cry of Balintawak

• Andres Bonifacio – secretly instructed his runners to summon all the leaders of the society to a general assembly to be held on August 24.

• They were to meet in Balintawak to discuss the steps to be taken to settle the crisis.

• August 19 – Andres together with his brother Procopio, Emilio Jacinto, Teodoro Plata and Aguedo del Rosario, reached Balintawak.

• Apolonio Samson – welcomed them giving them food and shelter.

• August 24 – The Katipuneros tore their cedulas and shouted “Long Live the Philippines!” “Long Live the Philippines!” “Long Live the Katipunan!”

Melchora Ramos y Aquino

• Tandang Sora (January 6, 1812 – March 2, 1919)

• Mother of the Katipunan• She fed the Katipuneros

and nursed the wounded patriots

• Later she was arrested by the Spanish authorities and was exiled in Marianas.

Battle of San Juan (August 30, 1896)

• First regular battled between the Filipinos and the Spaniards.– Katipuneros led by Bonifacio and Jacinto lost.– Timely arrival of Spanish reinforcements and

superiority of Spanish armaments gave victory to the Spaniards.

Governor-General Ramon Blanco• Proclaimed on August 30,

1896 a state of war in the first eight provinces to rise in arms, namely:– Manila– Pampanga– Bulacan– Cavite– Laguna– Batangas– Nueva Ecija– Tarlac

Spread of Armed Resistance

• After the “Cry of Balintawak,” the revolution spread to other towns and provinces.

• In Cavite, the revolution was led by Emilio Aguinaldo, Artemio Ricarte, Tomas Mascardo.

• The patriots led by Mariano Llanera attacked the Spanish garrison at San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.

Emilio Aguinaldo Artemio Ricarte

The Philippine Revolution

Tomas Mascardo Mariano LLanera

Spanish Attempts to Suppress the Revolution

• Policy of terrorism was pursued by the Spanish authorities in order to frighten the Filipinos.– On September 12, 1896 – The Thirteen Martyrs of

Cavite were executed.• Luis Aguado -• Eugenio Cabezas - Feliciano Cabuco • Agapito Conchu – Alfonso de Ocampo• Máximo Gregorio Francisco Osorio • José Lallana Máriano Inocencio• Severino Lapidario Antonio San Agustín• Victoriano Luciano Hugo Pérez

• March 23, 1897 – The Nineteen Martyrs of Aklan were executed at Kalibo, Aklan.

• They were all Katipunan members who joined the forces of Francisco Castillo in attacking the Spanish garrison on 17 March 1897.– Roman Aguirre Catalino Maupat– Tomas Briones Lamberto Mangat– Domingo de la Cruz Valeriano Masinda– Valeriano Dalida Maximo Mationg– Claro Delgado Simplicio Reyes– Angelo Fernandez Canuto Segovia– Benito Iban Gabino Sugcang– Candido Iban Francisco Villorente – Simon Inocenci Gabino Yonsal. – Isidro Jimenez

– Spanish policy of terrorism failed.

The Rise of Aguinaldo

• Born in Kawit on March 12, 1869, he was six years younger than Bonifacio.

• Studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran but did not finish his high school because his father died.

– He entered the Katipunan in 1894 adopting Magdalo as his Katipunan name.

– He served as municipal captain of Kawit, an elective position held by his father years ago.

• First Victory of Aguinaldo– On August 31, 1896, the ay after the Battle of San

Juan, Aguinaldo led the uprising at Kawit.– He defeated the Spanish commander of the

garrison and seized the guns of the Guardia Civil.

Early Triumphs of the Revolution

• Everywhere the patriots struck and vanquished the enemy.

• Brilliant victory at Binakayan – November 11, 1896.– Spain’s regular army under Gov. Gen. Ramon

Blanco were defeated by the Filipinos headed by Aguinaldo.

Execution of Rizal

• Governor General Camilo Polavieja replaced Blanco as governor general on December 13, 1896.– His greatest blunder was

the approval of the Spanish court-martial’s verdict sending Rizal to death on December 30, 1896.

Significance of Rizal’s death

• By killing Rizal, Spain sealed her doom as a colonial power in Asia. The Filipino patriots, avenge Rizal’s death, fought harder until they smashed Spain’s forces.

• By sacrificing his life for his country’s cause, Rizal emerged as the national hero of the Philippines.

Polavieja’s Campaigns• His vigorous offensive

against the patriots.– Battle of Zapote Bridge

(February 17, 1897) – Filipinos lost and their gallant commander, Gen. Edilberto Evangelista, died in action.

– Battle of Pasong Tamo (March 3, 1897) – Filipinos lost and Gen. Flaviano Yengo, age 23, died in action.

• By the end of March, 1897, Cavite was recaptured by Polavieja.

• But however, he failed to crushed the revolution, thus he resigned and left Manila on April 15, 1897 for Spain.

Bonifacio Replaced by Aguinaldo• Unfortunately, there arose a bitter rivalry between

Aguinaldo and Bonifacio for leadership.– Aguinaldo became popular for he won battles.– Bonifacio never won a battle, hence his prestige faded.

• Split in ranks of patriots.– Magdiwag – Bonifacio– Magdalo – Aguinaldo

• Showdown came in the Tejeros Assembly held at Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon on March 22, 1897.– Aguinaldo was elected President of the Revolutionary

Government which was then established– Bonifacio lost his leadership

Death of Bonifacio• Bonifacio defied the new Revolutionary Government

headed by Aguinaldo.• He was captured at Limbon, Indang by Aguinaldo’s

soldiers. His brother, Ciriaco was killed during the encounter. His wife Gregoria and brother Procopio was taken alive.

• Court Martial at Maragondon, found Andres and Procopio guilty of treason and sentenced to die.

• On May 10, 1897, the Bonifacio brothers were killed by a platoon of Aguinaldo’s soldiers near Mount Buntis. The commander of the platoon was Col. Lazaro Macapagal.